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BACKGROUND: For proximal femoral fractures the time to surgery has been reported to influence the mortality rate. To date, detailed analyses in geriatric patients with distal femoral fractures are not available. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A monocentric study with retrospective data retrieved from an electronic database was performed. The study included distal femoral fractures with surgical treatment between 2006 and 2017 in patients aged 65 years and older. A total of ten variables were evaluated and two outcome measures were investigated: revision and mortality in relation to time of surgery within 24â¯h or later. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. For patients who were still alive the Parker score was calculated. The null hypothesis was that time to surgery does not affect revision and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 57 consecutive patients with 60 fractures and an average age of 82.5 years (65-97 years) were included. Most of the fractures were supracondylar (nâ¯= 42). All but three fractures were treated with internal fixation. The revision rate was 17.5% (peri-implant fractures nâ¯= 4, infections nâ¯= 2, non-union nâ¯= 2, impaired wound healing nâ¯= 2 and secondary dislocation nâ¯= 1). The 1year mortality rate was 20%. No significant effects on revision (pâ¯= 0.414) and survival rate (log rank 0.175) were observed for patients treated within 24â¯h or later. After a mean postoperative period of 5.5 years, the mean Parker score for 18 living patients was 5.9. CONCLUSION: Time to surgery demonstrated no significant effects with respect to revision and mortality. Multicenter studies are absolutely necessary to increase the sample size and statistical power.
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Artroplastia de Quadril , Fraturas do Fêmur , Fraturas Periprotéticas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fraturas do Fêmur/cirurgia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Humanos , Fraturas Periprotéticas/cirurgia , Reoperação , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Adherence to topical corticosteroids (TCS) is essential for the effective treatment of atopic dermatitis but can be limited by concerns about their use. This study examined the feasibility of applying the validated TOPICOP score for assessing TCS phobia across different countries. METHODS: This was a prospective multicentre feasibility study conducted in 21 hospitals in 17 countries. Patients >3 months of age with atopic dermatitis or their parents or legal representatives completed a validated translation of the TOPICOP questionnaire in the country's native language. Respondents also completed questionnaires collecting opinions about the feasibility and acceptability of the TOPICOP questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1564 participants in 15 countries were included in the analysis. 81% of respondents considered the questions clear or very clear, and 79% reported that it took less than 5 minutes to complete. Each of the individual items in the TOPICOP questionnaire was considered to be not at all difficult to answer by 49% to 74% of participants. The mean global TOPICOP score was 44.7%±20.5. Mean TOPICOP subscores were 37.0±22.8% for knowledge and beliefs, 54.7±27.8% for fears and 50.1±29.1% for behaviours. Global scores and subscores differed between countries, although the subscores did not always vary in parallel, suggesting different levels of TCS phobia and different drivers for each country. CONCLUSIONS: The TOPICOP score can be feasibly applied across countries and may therefore be useful for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data from international studies and for adapting patient education and treatment.
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Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Dermatite Atópica/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Fóbicos , Administração Tópica , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatite Atópica/psicologia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
A phase modulation puts the atom in a coherent superposition of quantum states with different kinetic energies. We have detected the interference of such modulated waves at the output of our atom interferometer, and we have observed beats at the difference of the modulation frequencies and its harmonics, in good agreement with theory. The phase modulations were produced by a Kerr phase modulator, i.e., by the propagation of the atom wave in a time-dependent electric field. An extension of this technique to electron interferometry should open the way to very high temporal resolution in electron microscopy.
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We report the observation of the anisotropic polar magneto-optical Kerr effect in thin layers of epitaxial Fe/GaAs(001) at room temperature. A clear twofold symmetry of the Kerr rotation angle depending on the orientation of the linear polarization of the probing laser beam with respect to the crystallographic directions of the sample is detected for ultrathin magnetic films saturated out of the film plane. The amplitude of the anisotropy decreases with increasing Fe film thickness, suggesting that the interfacial region is the origin of the anisotropy. The twofold symmetry is fully reproduced by model calculations based on an interference of interfacial Bychkov-Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling.
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Several studies have shown that neurotrophins including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). BDNF is increased in the serum samples of adults with AD. Interestingly, eosinophils of these patients can release and produce BDNF. We analyzed BDNF serum levels with ELISA and their correlation with SCORAD score, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 in children with AD (n = 56) compared to nonatopic healthy children (n = 25). In addition, we analyzed FLG loss-of-function mutations in 17 children with AD and their connection to BDNF. BDNF serum levels were significantly higher in children with AD. Further, BDNF correlated with disease activity, serum ECP, and total IgE serum levels in AD. There was no difference in BDNF levels of filaggrin-positive or filaggrin-negative children with AD, and there was no correlation of BDNF with IL-31 and Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-13. Together, our data add new insights into the pathophysiology of AD, suggesting that serum BDNF which correlates with disease severity contributes to the regulation of inflammation in an eosinophil-, but not Th2-dependent manner.
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Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/diagnóstico , Dermatite Atópica/metabolismo , Proteína Catiônica de Eosinófilo/sangue , Biomarcadores , Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/sangue , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Eosinófilos/imunologia , Eosinófilos/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas Filagrinas , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Células Th2/imunologia , Células Th2/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recent years have seen growing interest in identifying new biomarkers in atopic dermatitis (AD) that could serve as indicators of disease severity and predictors of treatment response. OBJECTIVES: We compared serum levels of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin(IL)-31, IL-33 and soluble(s)ST2 in AD patients and healthy controls, investigated the possible correlation with disease severity, investigated if other atopic comorbidities could play a role, and assessed their potential as biomarkers in AD. METHODS: Using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, we measured target serum levels in 71 adults and 61 children with AD, and 31 adult controls. We characterized our cohort by disease severity, radioallergosorbent test status concerning both dietary and inhalant allergens, and anamnestic reports of food allergy, concomitant allergic asthma and/or allergic rhinitis. RESULTS: Serum levels of TSLP, IL-31 and IL-33, but not sST2, were significantly elevated in AD patients compared with controls. In AD patients, both IL-31 and IL-33 serum levels were higher in children than in adults, while the opposite was the case for sST2. We observed no correlation between disease severity and any of the investigated targets. While serum TSLP levels were unaffected by concomitant allergies and atopic comorbidities, serum levels of IL-31, IL-33 and sST2 were affected to a small extent. We found a positive correlation between TSLP, IL-31 and IL-33, and an inverse relationship between IL-33 and sST2. CONCLUSIONS: The studied targets hold little potential as indicators of disease severity. The serum values of our targets show robustness against atopic comorbidities, allergies and changes in disease severity. This robustness strengthens their potential use in biomarker-based stratification and could be instrumental in identifying subgroups and predicting the possible benefit of therapeutic and prevention approaches.
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Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dermatite Atópica/metabolismo , Interleucina-33/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Receptores de Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Linfopoietina do Estroma do TimoRESUMO
In this Letter, we report a measurement of the He-McKellar-Wilkens (HMW) topological phase by atom interferometry. The experiment is done with our lithium atom interferometer, and in order to suppress the stray effects present in our first experiment, we use optical pumping of the (7)Li atoms in their F=2, m(F)=+2 (or -2) ground state sublevel. In these conditions, the measured phase shift is the sum of the HMW phase and of the Aharonov-Casher phase, which are separated due to their different m(F) dependence. The HMW phase has been measured for different lithium beam velocities and the results are in very good agreement with a phase independent of the atom velocity, as expected for a topological phase.
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We report an experimental test of the topological phase predicted by He and McKellar in 1993 and by Wilkens in 1994: this phase, which appears when an electric dipole propagates in a magnetic field, is connected to the Aharonov-Casher effect by electric-magnetic duality. The He-McKellar-Wilkens phase is quite small, at most 27 mrad in our experiment, and this experiment requires the high phase sensitivity of our atom interferometer with spatially separated arms as well as symmetry reversals such as the direction of the electric and magnetic fields. The measured value of the He-McKellar-Wilkens phase differs by 31% from its theoretical value, a difference possibly due to some as yet uncontrolled systematic errors.
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Diaper dermatitis is one of the most common skin diseases during infancy and childhood. It is a type of irritant contact eczema resulting from a complex interaction between urine and feces under occlusive conditions in combination with the hyperhydration of the stratum corneum, pressure and friction under the diaper. These conditions pave the way for Candida albicans infection, which is often associated with diaper dermatitis. The anogenital region can be involved by a variety of dermatoses, so a precise skin examination, detailed history and sometimes histologic examination are needed for a precise diagnosis. Therapeutically, frequent diaper changes and adequate skin care are most important.
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Candidíase Cutânea/diagnóstico , Dermatite das Fraldas/diagnóstico , Biópsia , Candidíase Cutânea/etiologia , Candidíase Cutânea/patologia , Pré-Escolar , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Dermatite das Fraldas/etiologia , Dermatite das Fraldas/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Fatores de Risco , Pele/patologia , Úlcera Cutânea/diagnóstico , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Úlcera Cutânea/patologia , Superinfecção/diagnóstico , Superinfecção/etiologia , Superinfecção/patologiaRESUMO
The number of patients with meniscal injuries is increasing constantly, but the treatment algorithms are undergoing continuous change. The effects of meniscal surgery, as well as the indications for the procedure, are currently a matter of heated debate. Various German speaking associations addressing topics related to the knee have joined forces to develop guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation and therapy of meniscal lesions. The hope is that this first of two publications will shed light on some of the ongoing issues and offer guidance to health care professionals treating these patients.
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Doenças das Cartilagens/diagnóstico , Doenças das Cartilagens/terapia , Ortopedia/normas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/diagnóstico , Lesões do Menisco Tibial/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Alemanha , Humanos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study reports the epidemiology of bone and soft-tissue tumors of the foot and ankle, presents therapy strategies, and evaluates mid-term clinicofunctional outcome after surgery for malignant tumors. METHODS: Two hundred four patients with tumors of the foot and ankle were analyzed (163 benign and 41 malignant). Epidemiology and surgical therapy are reported. RESULTS: The most frequent tumors were exostosis, bone cyst, and osteoid osteoma for benign tumors and metastases and chondrosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma for malignant tumors. In more than 90% of the benign tumors, local resection could be carried out, whereas in malignant tumors, ablative procedures and arthrodeses were almost as common as limb- and joint-sparing techniques. However, follow-up revealed good functional results and a 5-year survival rate of 84% for patients with primary malignant tumors. CONCLUSION: Tumors of the foot and ankle require a thorough therapeutic strategy. Mid-term functional results and survival rate after surgical treatment are good, although a high percentage of ablative procedures or fusions could not be avoided in our patients.
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Articulação do Tornozelo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Doenças do Pé/cirurgia , Pé/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Amputação Cirúrgica , Articulação do Tornozelo/patologia , Artrodese , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Transplante Ósseo , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Pé/patologia , Doenças do Pé/diagnóstico , Doenças do Pé/patologia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Fraturas Espontâneas/diagnóstico , Fraturas Espontâneas/cirurgia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologiaRESUMO
Domain patterns of perpendicularly magnetized ultra-thin ferromagnetic films are often determined by the competition of the short range but strong exchange interaction favouring ferromagnetic alignment of magnetic moments and the long range but weak antiferromagnetic dipolar interaction. Detailed phase diagrams of the resulting stripe domain patterns have been evaluated in recent years; however, the domain fluctuations in these pattern forming systems have not been studied in great detail so far. Here we show that domain fluctuations can be observed in ultra-thin two-dimensional ferromagnetic Fe/Ni/Cu(001) films with perpendicular magnetization in the stripe domain phase. Non-stroboscopic time-resolved threshold photoemission electron microscopy with high temporal resolution allows analysing the dynamic fingerprint of the topological excitations in the nematic domain phase. Furthermore, proliferation of domain ending defects in the vicinity of the spin reorientation transition is witnessed.
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It is being discussed whether impairment of energy metabolism is a final common pathway of neurodegeneration or initiates the neurodegenerative cascade. The goal was to investigate hypoxic tolerance and oxidative energy metabolism in 4-month-old, presymptomatic B6-Tg(ThylAPP)23Sdz (APP23) mice, a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Posthypoxic recovery of the population spike amplitude in hippocampal region CA1 upon stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in region CA3 (15 min hypoxia, 45 min recovery) was 43+/-46% (mean+/-S.D.) vs. 19+/-35% (P<0.05) in slices from wild-type and transgenic animals, respectively. Fluorescence lifetime sensitive spectroscopy of NADH in the CA1 pyramidal cell layer (gate set for detection of protein-bound NADH) showed a wavelength maximum at 455.3+/-1.6 nm (mean+/-S.D.) in controls and 453.5+/-2.4 nm (P<0.05) in mutants. We conclude that hypoxic tolerance is impaired in presymptomatic APP23 mice and occurs prior to extracellular deposition of amyloid plaques. Impaired energy metabolism may thus partake in initiating the neurodegenerative cascade in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. The blue shift of the spectrum of NADH in mutant mice indicates an altered protein microenvironment of energy metabolism under control conditions.
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Doença de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipóxia Encefálica/metabolismo , NAD/metabolismo , Neurônios/metabolismo , Potenciais de Ação/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/genética , Precursor de Proteína beta-Amiloide/metabolismo , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Hipocampo/fisiopatologia , Hipóxia Encefálica/genética , Hipóxia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Precondicionamento Isquêmico , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , NAD/antagonistas & inibidores , Nitrocompostos , Propionatos/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica/genética , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/genética , Análise EspectralRESUMO
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a one-week triple therapy with esomeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in the absence of antimicrobial resistance. METHODS: Patients testing positive for H. pylori susceptible to metronidazole and clarithromycin (E-test) were randomized to receive a one-week regimen with either esomeprazole 2 x 20 mg or omeprazole 2 x 20 mg in combination with clarithromycin 2 x 250 mg and metronidazole 2 x 400 mg. Follow-up endoscopy with histology and culture and/or rapid urease test was performed 4-8 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: Eighty patients were randomized. Helicobacter pylori infection was cured in 38/39 patients of the esomeprazole group and 31/33 patients of the omeprazole group (per protocol 97.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 86.2-99.9), 93.7% (95% CI, 79.2-99.2), P=0.59); intention-to-treat 90.4% (95% CI: 77.4-97.3), 81.6% (95% CI: 65.7-92.3), respectively. No major side effects occurred. Minor side effects occurred in eight (20%) and six (23%) patients during esomeprazole and omeprazole therapy, respectively. Post-treatment susceptibility testing revealed resistance to both metronidazole and clarithromycin in two of the three patients who failed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that esomeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole as one-week triple therapy is effective for eradication of H. pylori in the absence of antimicrobial resistance.
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Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori , Omeprazol/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Resistência a Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Esomeprazol , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Nitric oxide-releasing drugs have been shown to reduce ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by acting as radical scavengers. However, their therapeutic application is hampered by specific side effects and rapid bioreduction in vivo. The half-life and antioxidant activity of nitroxides may be enhanced by their covalent binding to human serum albumin, resulting in polynitroxyl albumin (PNA). Thus, PNA may represent a novel antioxidative drug. The objectives of this study were to elucidate 1) whether PNA is able to diminish I/R injury; 2) the most effective dose of PNA in vivo; and 3) whether the addition of the nitroxide tempol enhances and/or prolongs the effect of PNA. Experiments were performed using a 4-h tourniquet-induced ischemia model in the hamster dorsal skinfold chamber. In the first part, five groups (n = 6) of animals received an infusion of 1) 1% body weight (b.w.) saline (0.9%); 2) 0.5% b.w. albumin (20%); 3) 0.5% b.w. PNA (20%); 4) 1% b.w. albumin (20%); and 5) 1% b.w. PNA (20%) 15 min prior to reperfusion. In the second part of the study, tempol (17 mg/mL) was added either to albumin or PNA (1:9), and 0.5% b.w. of this solution was infused (Group 6: tempol + albumin 0.5% b.w.; Group 7: tempol + PNA 0.5% b.w.). Intravital fluorescence microscopy allowed for quantification of functional capillary density (FCD), leukocyte adherence, extravasation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Dextran and non-viable (Propidium-positive) cell count prior to ischemia and 0.5 h, 2 h, and 24 h after reperfusion. PNA and--to a lesser extent albumin--effectively reduced postischemic microvascular perfusion failure, leukocyte adhesion, and tissue injury. PNA was most effective in the dose 1% b.w. Although free oxygen radical scavenging seems to be an underlying mechanism leading to the beneficial effects of PNA on I/R injury, hemodilution and known radical scavenging properties of pure albumin contribute in part to the observed effects. Although the combination of tempol and PNA revealed further short-term effects on microvascular perfusion and leukocyte adhesion, it did not result in a long-term improvement of tissue injury.
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Albuminas/uso terapêutico , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/uso terapêutico , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/uso terapêutico , Isquemia/tratamento farmacológico , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/uso terapêutico , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/uso terapêutico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Pele/irrigação sanguínea , Albuminas/administração & dosagem , Albuminas/farmacologia , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Viscosidade Sanguínea , Adesão Celular , Corantes , Cricetinae , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Corantes Fluorescentes/análise , Corantes Fluorescentes/farmacocinética , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Isquemia/patologia , Leucócitos/patologia , Mesocricetus , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/administração & dosagem , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Próteses e Implantes , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Pele/patologia , Marcadores de SpinRESUMO
There is recent evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces postischemic injury and angiotensin II receptor inhibition may have similar effects. We therefore further characterized the role of ACE- vs. AT1-receptor inhibition on cell injury and temporal association of leukocyte endothelial interaction in response to ischemia-reperfusion. A combined in vivo and in vitro study comparing the ACE inhibitor enalapril and the AT1-receptor antagonist losartan was performed. The extent and temporal correlation of cellular damage (propidium-iodide staining), microvascular perfusion failure and leukocyte-endothelial interaction (leukocyte adherence) were investigated by means of intravital microscopy, after the application of hemodynamically ineffective doses of enalapril and losartan (5 mg/kg). A hamster dorsal skinfold model with a 4-h tourniquet ischemia was used. In vitro, the effect of enalapril and losartan on polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) adherence, as well as adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), on hypoxia- or IL-1beta-stimulated endothelial cells (HUVEC) was assessed using a PMN-adhesion assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Ischemia-reperfusion responses revealed a biphasic pattern, comprised of an early phase (30 min) of acute cellular damage and microvascular perfusion failure, followed by a late increase (240 min) in leukocyte adherence in vivo. Enalapril significantly reduced early cellular damage, microvascular perfusion failure, and leukocyte adherence in response to ischemia-reperfusion. Conversely, AT1 receptor inhibition with losartan proved to be ineffective at attenuating postischemic microcirculatory disorders (leukocyte-endothelial interactions, microvascular perfusion failure) and aggravated cellular injury. In vitro, enalapril reduced PMN adherence and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression, while losartan was ineffective in the same respect. Following ischemia-reperfusion injury, ACE- versus AT1-receptor inhibition induce differential effects concerning the extent and temporal association of cell injury and leukocyte-endothelial interaction. The use of enalapril combines the beneficial effects of preventing cell and vascular injury immediately after reperfusion, with a delayed inhibition of the inflammatory response. Since the AT1-receptor inhibitor losartan did not mimic effects obtained with ACE inhibition, it is conceivable that the responses in ischemia-reperfusion are mediated by a non-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor-dependent mechanism.
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Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/farmacologia , Leucócitos/metabolismo , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Animais , Capilares/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipóxia Celular , Linhagem Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cricetinae , Enalapril/farmacologia , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemodinâmica , Hemorreologia , Humanos , Interleucina-1/farmacologia , Leucócitos/citologia , Losartan/farmacologia , Mesocricetus , Neutrófilos/citologia , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina , Receptor Tipo 2 de Angiotensina , Receptores de Angiotensina/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Energy metabolism is impaired in the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The goal was to investigate tolerance against single and repetitive hypoxia in C57B6SJL-TgN(SOD1-G93A)1GUR mice (G93A mice). Posthypoxic recovery (15 min hypoxia, 45 min recovery) of population spike amplitude in hippocampal region CA1 was 38 +/- 29% (mean +/- SD) in controls and 67 +/- 41% (ns) in G93A mice at day 40. Upon in vivo pretreatment with 20 mg/kg 3-nitropropionate posthypoxic recovery increased to 82 +/- 32% (P < 0.01) in controls and decreased to 35 +/- 33% in G93A mice (P < 0.05 to pretreated controls). Results at day 80 and 110 were similar. We conclude that G93A mice show a long-lasting impairment to sustain repetitive hypoxic episodes whereas tolerance to a single hypoxic episode is comparable to controls.
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Hipóxia Celular/genética , Hipocampo/fisiologia , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Transmissão Sináptica/genética , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Animais , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos TransgênicosRESUMO
The mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle was investigated in skeletal muscle biopsies of 26 patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and compared with investigations of 28 age-matched control muscle samples and biopsies of 6 patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and two patients with Tay-Sachs disease. In comparison to the control, SMA and Tay-Sachs biopsies, we observed in the ALS samples a significant about two-fold lower activity of complex I of mitochondrial respiratory chain. To visualise the distribution of the mitochondrial defect in skeletal muscle fibers we applied confocal laser-scanning microscopy and video fluorescence microscopy of NAD(P)H and fluorescent flavoproteins. The redox change of mitochondrial NAD(P)H and flavoproteins on addition of mitochondrial substrates, ADP, or cyanide were determined by measurement of fluorescence intensities with dual-photon UV-excitation and single-photon blue excitation. In skeletal muscle fibers of ALS patients with abnormalities of mitochondrial DNA (multiple deletions, n=1, or lower mtDNA levels, n=14) we observed a heterogeneous distribution of the mitochondrial defects among individual fibers and even within single fibers. In some patients (n=3) a mitochondrial defect was also detectable in cultivated skin fibroblasts. These findings support the viewpoint that the observed impairment of mitochondrial function in muscle of certain ALS patients is caused by an intrinsic mitochondrial defect which may be of pathophysiological significance in the etiology of this neurodegenerative disease.
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Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica , Mitocôndrias Musculares/enzimologia , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/ultraestrutura , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/patologia , Doença de Tay-Sachs/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mitocôndrias Musculares/ultraestrutura , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/enzimologia , Músculo Esquelético/enzimologia , Músculo Esquelético/ultraestrutura , Atrofia Muscular Espinal/enzimologia , Fosforilação , Doença de Tay-Sachs/enzimologiaRESUMO
AIMS: This study reports outcome, functional results and quality of life of 45 elderly patients with age over 70 after surgery for primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumours. METHODS: There were 24 primary malignant bone tumours and 21 soft tissue sarcomas. The most frequent diagnoses were: chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and liposarcoma. Local tumour resection with and without osteosynthesis, endoprostheses, and amputations had been performed for surgery. The patients were prospectively followed in a tumour register. RESULTS: Complication and revision rate, functional outcome using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score, 5-year survival rate, median survival time and quality of life according to the Life Satisfaction Index A and the global health and quality-of-life scale of the QLQ-C30 revealed results that are only slightly inferior to those reported in younger tumour patients. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study generally justify even extensive tumour surgery in the elderly patient over 70 although outcomes are not quite as good as those reported for younger adults. However, especially in the old patient indications like general condition and comorbidity should be given due consideration before any decision is made on whether surgery should be performed and if so what surgical technique should be applied.
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Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Ósseas/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Avaliação Geriátrica , Alemanha , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
AIM: To report the complication rates of limb-salvage reconstruction in the pelvis. Detailed analyses about the type, treatment and outcome of post-operative complications, various reconstruction options are presented. METHODS: Factors that might influence the occurrence of complications were evaluated of 50 consecutive surgically treated patients. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 57 months. Limb-salvage procedures were used in 42/50 patients, amputations in 8/50 patients. After limb-salvage procedures complications occurred in 32/42 patients, after hemipelvectomy in 6/8 patients. The 1 and 5-year overall survival rate was 92 and 68%, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a high complication rate in reconstructive techniques using hemipelvic autografts and/or allografts. These procedures are appropriate only in well selected patients. The complication rates following endoprosthetic reconstruction are comparably low.