Interparticle interaction-dependent jamming in colloids: insights into glass transition and morphology modulation during rapid evaporation-induced assembly.

Understanding the role of interparticle interactions in jamming phenomena is essential for gaining insights into the intriguing glass transition behavior observed in atomic and molecular systems. In this study, we investigate the jamming behavior of colloids with tunable interparticle interactions during evaporation-induced assembly (EIA). By manipulating the interaction among charged colloids using cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) through electro-sorption and subsequent free polymer induced repulsion, we observe distinct jamming behavior in silica colloids during EIA, depending on the interparticle interactions. Silica colloids with strong repulsive interactions exhibit a repulsive colloidal glass state with a volume fraction of silica colloids in supraparticle ϕ ∼ 0.70. On the other hand, PEI-mediated attractive interactions among silica colloids lead to an attractive colloidal glass phase with a significantly lower ϕ ∼ 0.43. Free polymer induced repulsion of colloids at higher PEI concentration once again results in a repulsive glassy state with ϕ ∼ 0.61. Furthermore, we revealed that interparticle interactions not only influence the jamming behavior but also play a significant role in shaping the morphology of self-assembled structures during EIA, and the assembled structure undergoes a morphological reentrant transition from a doughnut-like shape to a spherical form and again back to a doughnut-like configuration. Jamming-dependent evolution of micropores and dynamics of the confined PEI have been probed using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). PALS reveals distinct variations in the micropores of the supraparticles with different PEI loadings, confirming the impact of jamming on the evolution of the micropores within the supraparticles. BDS measurements uncover non-monotonic dynamics of PEI molecules confined in the evolved pore network. It is revealed that the reentrant jamming behavior of colloids, modulated by PEI, holds profound significance for the long-term stability of supraparticles.

Evidence of Size Stratification in Colloidal Glass Microgranules Realized by Rapid Evaporative Assembly.

Evaporation is a ubiquitous phenomenon. Rapid evaporation of the continuous phase from micrometric colloidal droplets can be used to realize nanostructured microgranules, constituting the assembled nanoparticles. One of the important aspects of such nonequilibrium assembly is the nature of the packing of nanoparticles in the microgranules. The present work demonstrates the evidence of size stratification of the nanoparticles in such far-from-equilibrium configurations. Small-angle X-ray scattering, in combination with particle packing simulation, reveals the "large on top"-type stratification in such assembled microgranules, where the larger particles get concentrated at the outer shell of the granules while the smaller particles reside in the core region. It also reveals the presence of local clusters in such a rapid evaporative assembly in aerosolized colloidal droplets.

Insights into the CO2 Capture Characteristics within the Hierarchical Pores of Carbon Nanospheres Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering.

Understanding adsorption processes at the molecular level has transformed the discovery of engineered materials for maximizing gas storage capacity and kinetics in adsorption-based carbon capture applications. In this work, we studied the molecular mechanism of gas (CO2, H2, methane, and ethane) adsorption inside an interconnected porous network of carbon. This was achieved by synthesizing novel macro-meso-microporous carbon (M3C) nanospheres with interconnected pore structures. The M3Cs showed a CO2 capture capacity of 5.3 mmol/g at atmospheric CO2 pressure, with excellent kinetics. This was due to fast CO2 adsorption within the interconnected hierarchical macro-meso-microporous M3C. In situ small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) under various CO2 pressures indicated that the macro- and mesopores of M3C enable fast diffusion of CO2 molecules inside the micropores, where adsorbed CO2 molecules densify into a liquid-like state. This strong densification of CO2 molecules causes fast CO2 diffusion in the macro- and mesopores of M3C, restarting the adsorption cycle for fresh CO2 molecules until all pores are completely filled. Notably, M3C also showed good capture capacities for hydrogen and various hydrocarbons, with excellent selectivity toward ethane over methane.

Amphiphilic interaction-mediated ordering of nanoparticles in Pickering emulsion droplets.

For various industrial processes, the stabilization of an oil phase is crucial and demands a proper balance of complex interactions in an emulsion system. In Pickering emulsions, this is achieved by introducing nanoparticles, which become organized at the oil-water interface. The influence of interparticle interactions towards the formation of a stable emulsion and the ordering of the stabilizing nanoparticles is intriguing and needs attention. In this work, the role of amphiphilic interactions between hydrophilic silica nanoparticles and the Pluronic F127 tri-block co-polymer towards the spontaneous formation of a fairly stable Pickering emulsion has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering. Unlike the usual random arrangements of the nanoparticles in a conventional Pickering emulsion, we observed highly organized silica nanoparticles at the oil-water interface. The established standard raspberry structural model of the Pickering emulsion fails to explain such strong ordering as observed in the present case. A plausible formation mechanism of the present Pickering emulsion with a high on-surface silica correlation is elucidated on the basis of the combined interactions of the block co-polymer and silica particles. A computer model is developed to elucidate the effects of size and distribution of the surface-decorating nanoparticles and their positional correlation.

Pattern of an Evaporated Colloidal Droplet on a Porous Membrane Dictated by Competitive Processes of Flow and Absorption.

Understanding the deposition pattern formed by an evaporated colloidal drop is of fundamental and technological interest. Such an evaporative process is important in various applications starting from inkjet printing to disease diagnosis. In this work, it is shown that the deposit pattern on a porous membrane can be tuned by varying the colloidal viscosity and membrane pore size. We have used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) in scanning mode for profiling of deposit morphology and also for estimation of the interparticle correlation. It is demonstrated that low viscosity and small pore size favor a centrally dipped pattern owing to the coffee ring effect, which can be modified to a contrasting centrally peaked pattern by increasing the viscosity and pore size. To comprehend the experimental observations, a computer model has been developed using a continuity equation that well corroborates the experimental observations on the final deposited pattern and also provides the time evolution of the pattern. The work provides a way to tune the pattern of colloidal stain on a porous substrate by controlling flow and absorption.

Flexibility of Mixed Ligand Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIF-7-8) under CO2 Pressure: An Investigation Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy.

Fine tuning of the pore architecture and flexibility of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) is highly crucial for realizing their applications in molecular gas separation. Mixed ligand frameworks (ZIF-7-8) synthesized by mixing 2-methylimidazole (2meIm) and benzimidazole (bIm) ligands show enhanced gas separation performance, attributable to pore and flexibility tuning. In the present study, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements under CO2 pressure have been used to experimentally investigate the tuning of the pore architecture and flexibility of mixed ligand frameworks ZIF-7-8 having a ZIF-8 structure and similar morphology with varying bIm content up to 18.2%. The aperture and cavity of frameworks begin to open up with an increasing bIm ligand content followed by a decrease at a higher content. On the contrary, flexibility of the frameworks indexed from PALS measurements carried out under CO2 pressure shows a decreasing trend followed by an increase. The present study shows that mixed ligand frameworks having a larger aperture size are less flexible as a result of inherent open configurations of ligands in the framework lattice. On the other hand, frameworks having a comparatively smaller aperture size show higher flexibility as a result of a possibility of twisting of the ligands under CO2 pressure, resulting in aperture opening. The pore-opening phenomenon as a result of lattice flexibility under CO2 pressure is observed to be fully reversible for ZIF-7-8.

Jamming of Nano-Ellipsoids in a Microsphere: A Quantitative Analysis of Packing Fraction by Small-Angle Scattering.

The packing of particles is ubiquitous, and it is of fundamental importance, particularly in materials science in the nanometric length scale. It becomes more intriguing when constituent particles deviate from spherical symmetry owing to the inherent complexity in quantifying their positional and rotational correlation. For quantitative estimation of packing fraction, it requires a thorough analysis of the positional correlation of jammed particles. This article adopts a novel approach for determination of the packing fraction of strongly correlated nano-ellipsoids in a microsphere using small-angle scattering. The method has been elucidated through a quantitative analysis of structural correlation of nano-hematite ellipsoids in 3D micrometric granules, which are realized using rapid evaporative assembly. Owing to the deviation from spherical symmetry, the conventional analysis of scattering data fails to interpret the actual packing fraction of the anisotropic particles. The structural correlation gets smeared out because of orientation distribution among the packed anisotropic particles, which leads to an anomaly in the estimation of packing fraction using the conventional analysis approach. It is illustrated that consideration of an interparticle distance distribution function of the correlated nano-ellipsoids becomes indispensable in determining their packing fraction.

Polyethylenimine assisted non-monotonic jamming of colloids during evaporation induced assembly and its implication on CO2 sorption characteristics.

We report a detailed study of hierarchically organized silica-polyethylenimine (PEI) microspheres achieved through evaporation-induced assembly. Due to complex interactions between oppositely-charged silica nanoparticles and PEI, non-monotonic jamming of the colloidal particles is manifested. With an increase in the polymer concentration, the local volume fraction of the silica particles decreases from 0.68 to 0.43 and then increases to 0.55 with further increase. The unusual jamming behaviour of the silica colloids in the presence of PEI provides an avenue for immobilizing PEI without reducing the porosity and specific area in contrast to the conventional impregnation approach. The resultant composite microspheres show good thermal stability and CO2 sorption characteristics. For a 33 wt% PEI loading, the microspheres exhibit a significant CO2 capture capacity of 65 mg g-1 even at room temperature and it is increased to 90 mg g-1 at 75 °C. The variation in the CO2 capture capacity at 0 °C as a function of PEI loading also demonstrated the signature of non-monotonicity owing to the structural modification in the silica-PEI microspheres. The composite microspheres demonstrated fast adsorption kinetics reaching 70% of the total capture capacity in one minute during the CO2 capture. The CO2 cycling adsorption-desorption studies showed good regeneration capability up to 20 cycles.

Hollow TiO2/SiO2 composite microspheres through reactive assembly across immiscible liquid interfaces.

Titania (TiO2) based photocatalysts have shown tremendous potential in tackling important issues related to energy, the environment, and water purification. The tunable morphologies of the TiO2 based multicomponent composites are promising for the improvement of photocatalytic characteristics for practical applications. In this work, we report a one-step facile approach to achieve hollow silica/titania microspheres through the process of reactive assembly at the immiscible interface of micrometer-sized droplets. Scanning electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering revealed the hierarchal structure of the microspheres. Elemental mapping of the composite microspheres provided direct evidence of the incorporation of silica nanoparticles into the microspheres. The diffusion of reactant molecules and hydrolysis/condensation reactions across the phase boundary of the interface of two immiscible liquids controls the morphology of the microspheres and the size of TiO2 nanoparticles. The silica/titania composite microspheres show excellent thermal stability against the anatase to rutile phase transition caused by inhibition of the growth of TiO2 nanoparticles due to proximity of the silica nanoparticles. The photoelectrochemical measurements show that TiO2-SiO2 microspheres exhibit superior photocatalytic characteristics compared to the TiO2 microspheres. The kinetics of dye degradation for TiO2-SiO2 microspheres is found to be significantly faster compared to TiO2 microspheres which confirms the superior photocatalytic properties of the composite microspheres.

Unravelling the polyethylenimine mediated non-monotonic stability behaviour of silica colloids: the role of competing electrostatic and entropic interactions.

Polymer-mediated interactions play an important role in the stability of colloids and are therefore paramount for both fundamental as well as scientific interests. The stability of colloids in the presence of neutral polymers depends on several parameters such as the adsorbing/non-adsorbing nature, molecular weight, concentration and temperature, and such systems are well studied. However, the stability behaviour of charged colloids in the presence of charged polyelectrolyte involves complex interaction mechanisms and hence needs attention. The present work reports the study of the stability behaviour of negatively charged silica colloids in the presence of cationic polyethylenimine (PEI) polyelectrolyte using small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering. The intriguing non-monotonic stability behaviour of silica colloids is observed with varying concentrations of PEI. In the low and intermediate PEI concentration regimes, electrosorption of PEI on the silica colloids causes partial screening of charges, leading to aggregation of colloids. The DLVO interaction potential at low and intermediate concentrations of PEI exhibit a reduced repulsion barrier which is responsible for aggregation. In the high concentration regime, the entropic interaction between the free PEI molecules and PEI decorated silica colloids leads to depletion re-stabilization. The combination of DLVO potential and adsorbed PEI mediated enhanced depletion repulsion in the presence of free PEI gives rise to an increased repulsion barrier responsible for the re-stabilization at high PEI concentrations.

Origin of the Hierarchical Structure of Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica: A Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Perspective.

The discovery of dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) has attracted great attention to the field of catalysis, CO2 capture, drug delivery due to its distinct morphology, and pore size distribution. Despite extensive research, the understanding of the DFNS formation process and its internal structure remains incomplete as microscopy and gas sorption techniques were not able to provide necessary in-depth structural information due to their inherent limitations. In the current work, we present a structural model of DFNS derived using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) supported by 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), which provided intricate details of DFNS and its internal structure. Mechanistic understanding of the DFNS formation and growth process was achieved by performing time-resolved SAXS measurements during the synthesis of DFNS, which unveils the evolution of two levels of a bicontinuous microemulsion structure responsible for intricate DFNS morphology. The validity and the accuracy of the SAXS method and the model were successfully established through a direct correlation among the functionality of the DFNS scattering profile and its pore size distribution, as well as results obtained from the 129Xe NMR studies. It has been established that the DFNS structure originates from direct modulation of the bicontinuous structure controlled by a surfactant, a co-surfactant, and the silicate species formed during hydrolysis and the condensation reaction of the silica precursor.

Polymer-mediated interaction between nanoparticles during hydration and dehydration: a small-angle X-ray scattering study.

Polymer-mediated interactions such as DNA-protein binding, protein aggregation, and filler reinforcement in polymers play crucial roles in many important biological and industrial processes. In this work, we report a detailed investigation of interactions between nanoparticles in the presence of high volume fractions of an adsorbing polymer. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed the existence of a stable gel-like structure in the polymer-nanoparticle dispersion, whereby anchored polymer molecules on nanoparticles acted as bridging centres, while basic interactions between nanoparticles remained repulsive. Time-resolved SAXS measurements showed that the local volume fraction of nanoparticles increased during the drying of the dispersion owing to the shrinkage of the gel-like structure. Further, nanoparticle clusters in the dehydrated composite films showed percolated networks of nanoparticles, except for 5% loading that showed a phase-separated morphology as the volume fraction of nanoparticles remained lower than the percolation threshold. A significant restructuring of nanoparticle clusters occurred upon the hydration of nanocomposite films caused by the expansion of polymer networks induced by hydration forces. Temporal evolution of the volume fraction of nanoparticles during dehydration unveiled three distinct stages similar to the logistic growth function and this was attributed to the evaporation of free, intermediate, and bound water in the different stages. A plausible mechanism was elucidated based on the spring action analogy between anchored polymer chains and nanoparticles during hydration and dehydration processes.

Photoelectrochemical Solar Water Splitting: The Role of the Carbon Nanomaterials in Bismuth Vanadate Composite Photoanodes toward Efficient Charge Separation and Transport.

Photoelectrochemical performance of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photoanode is limited by poor charge separation and transport properties. The roles of carbon nanotube, reduced graphene oxide, or graphitic carbon nitride in BiVO4 composite photoanode were investigated toward enhancing light absorption and reducing overall impedance during photoelectrochemical water oxidation process. X-ray diffraction and Tauc analysis showed that BiVO4 retains its monoclinic phase, n-type semiconductor nature, and band gap in all carbon nanomaterials-incorporated composite photoanodes. It was observed that the carbon nanomaterials incorporation in BiVO4 film increases its surface porosity, ultimately leading to enhanced light absorption. The BiVO4 photoanode with reduced graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride showed same bulk charge separation efficiency, whereas the latter showed better charge transfer. It was found that the graphitic carbon nitride formed composite with BiVO4 to provide enhanced light absorption efficiency, i.e., 89% in 350-505 nm range. The BiVO4 with graphitic carbon nitride photoanode showed the best performance with a photocurrent of 2.2 mA cm-2, charge separation efficiency of 67%, and photocurrent of 4.0 mA cm-2 with cobalt-phosphate surface catalyst at 1.23 VRHE for water oxidation under 1 sun illumination. The Mott-Schottky and impedance measurements confirmed the shift of conduction band position toward hydrogen reduction potential and reduction in film resistance, respectively, with carbon nanomaterials addition, and the shift was most significant for graphitic carbon nitride. It is concluded that by concomitant formation of junction during photoanode fabrication between carbon nanomaterials, BiVO4, and fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate, better charge separation, transport, and light absorption can be achieved.

Anomalous toluene transport in model segmented polyurethane-urea/clay nanocomposites.

The kinetics of liquid solvent sorption in polymeric systems and their nanocomposites often deviate from normal Fickian behaviour. This needs to be understood and interpreted, in terms of their underlying mechanistic origins. In the present study, the results of time dependent toluene sorption measurements in model segmented polyurethane-urea/clay nanocomposites have been analysed at room temperature. The studies revealed pronounced S-shaped sorption curves and unusually higher swelling of the nanocomposites compared to the neat polyurethane-urea matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements on the nanocomposites in the dry and liquid toluene saturated state have been carried out. The DMA studies revealed a significant decrease in the α relaxation temperature and storage modulus of the nanocomposites in the swollen state compared to the dry samples. The SAXS results showed that the nanoclay dispersion morphology transformed from intercalation in the dry state to exfoliation in the swollen state and the interdomain distance between hard segments increased upon swelling. Thermodynamic analysis of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) of nanocomposite/toluene systems revealed increasingly negative χ values with increased clay loading. These results imply a significant plasticization effect of toluene on the nanocomposites. An interpretation of these data, which relates the abovementioned results, is presented in the framework of differential swelling stress (DSS) induced deviation from Fickian transport characteristics. We expect that these findings and methods may provide new insight into the analysis of the solvent diffusion process in heterogeneous polymers and their nanocomposites.

Dynamic modulation of inter-particle correlation during colloidal assembly in a confined medium: revealed by real time SAXS.

Using real time small-angle X-ray scattering, we ellucidate a hitherto unobserved non-monotonic evolution of inter-particle correlation while colloidal particles assemble across pore boundary in a confined medium under influence of solvent evaporation. Time variation of local volume fraction of the particles passes through distinct modulation prior to reaching equilibrium. It has been demonstrated that the amplitude of oscillation depends strongly on size of the assembling particles. We comprehend such non-linear temporal evolution of particle correlation through density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulation.

Neutron Scattering Measurements of Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Pores within the Marcellus Shale: Implications for Sequestration.

Shale is an increasingly viable source of natural gas and a potential candidate for geologic CO2 sequestration. Understanding the gas adsorption behavior on shale is necessary for the design of optimal gas recovery and sequestration projects. In the present study neutron diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering measurements of adsorbed CO2 in Marcellus Shale samples were conducted on the Near and InterMediate Range Order Diffractometer (NIMROD) at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory along an adsorption isotherm of 22 °C and pressures of 25 and 40 bar. Additional measurements were conducted at approximately 22 and 60 °C at the same pressures on the General-Purpose Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (GP-SANS) instrument at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The structures investigated (pores) for CO2 adsorption range in size from Å level to ∼50 nm. The results indicate that, using the conditions investigated densification or condensation effects occurred in all accessible pores. The data suggest that at 22 °C the CO2 has liquid-like properties when confined in pores of around 1 nm radius at pressures as low as 25 bar. Many of the 2.5 nm pores, 70% of 2 nm pores, most of the <1 nm pores, and all pores <0.25 nm, are inaccessible or closed to CO2, suggesting that despite the vast numbers of micropores in shale, the micropores will be unavailable for storage for geologic CO2 sequestration.

LiAlO2:Gd-Based Versatile and Ultrasensitive Detector for Gamma and Neutrons by Thermal and Optical Stimulation.

Considering the low-level dose detection requirement for neutron and γ radiation in cancer therapy, synthesis and exploratory studies have been performed on a newly developed phosphor LiAlO2:Gd. Our results reveal that the presence of both Li and Gd makes it sensitive to both gamma and thermal neutrons. The applicability of LiAlO2:Gd for beta, gamma, and neutrons in both thermally stimulated and optically stimulated modes has been verified by extensive experiments followed by kinetic parametric evaluation with theoretical calculations. The current work confirms that LiAlO2:Gd is a highly sensitive phosphor with a minimum detectable dose of 5.7 µSv for gamma and 92 µSv for themral neutrons. The phosphor is found to show very high sensitivity at low energy and dose. Its ability for detection and discrimination of both gamma and thermal neutrons makes it a potential material to be used in medical dosimetry.

Revealing the nano-level molecular packing in chitosan-NiO nanocomposite by using positron annihilation spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering.

Chitosan-NiO nanocomposite (CNC) is shown to be a potential dielectric material with promising properties. CNCs containing NiO nanoparticles (0.2, 0.6, 1, 2, 5 wt %) are prepared through chemical methods. The inclusion of NiO nanoparticles in the chitosan matrix is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. The morphology of the NiO nanoparticles and the nanocomposites is investigated by transmission electron microscopy and SEM, respectively. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and the coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) technique are used to quantify the free volume and molecular packing in the nanocomposites. The triplet-state positronium lifetime and the corresponding intensity show the changes in nanohole size, density, and size distribution as a function of NiO loading. Small-angle X-ray scattering indicates that the NiO aggregates are identical in all the CNCs. The momentum density distribution obtained from CDB measurements excludes the possibility of a contribution of vacant spaces (pores) available in NiO aggregates to the free volume of nanocomposites upon determination by using PALS. The results show systematic variation in free-volume properties and nano-level molecular packing as a function of NiO loading, which is presumed to play a vital role in determining the various properties of the nanocomposites.

Performance of small- and wide-angle x-ray scattering beamline at Indus-2 synchrotron.

A Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (SWAXS) beamline (BL-18) is installed and commissioned at a 1.5 T bending magnet port (5°) of Indus-2 synchrotron at RRCAT, Indore, India. The ∼40-m-long beamline has tunable x-ray energy in the range of 5-20 keV by using a double crystal monochromator. A 1.5-m-long toroidal mirror is used to focus the x-ray beam at the detector position. The beamline is equipped with a 6-m-long movable detector stage to access different wave-vector transfer ranges. At present, an online image plate area detector and a linear position-sensitive gas detector are installed for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) measurements, respectively. The beamline is operational in simultaneous SAXS/WAXS mode to probe the mesoscopic as well as molecular level structure over a wide range of wave-vector transfer. The specification of the beamline and its performance are reported here. A few recent experimental results, as obtained from BL-18, are also described in brief.

In situ crystal reconstruction strategy-based highly efficient air-processed inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite photovoltaics for indoor, outdoor, and switching applications.

All-inorganic CsPbI2Br (CPIB) perovskite has gained strong attention due to their favorable optoelectronic properties for photovoltaics. However, solution-processed CPIB films suffer from poor morphology due to the rapid crystallization process, which must be resolved for desirable photovoltaic performance. We introduced phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) as an additive into a perovskite precursor that effectively controls the crystallization kinetics to construct the preferred quality α-CPIB film under ambient conditions. Various photophysical and structural characterization studies were performed to investigate the microstructural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the CPIB and PEAI-assisted perovskite films. We found that PEAI plays a vital role in decreasing pinholes, ensuring precise crystal growth, enhancing the crystallinity, improving the uniformity, and tailoring the film morphology by retarding the crystallization process, resulting in an improved device performance. The device based on the optimized PEAI additive (0.8 mg) achieved a respectably high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.40% compared to the CPIB perovskite solar cell (PSC; 15.75%). Moreover, the CPIB + 0.8 mg PEAI PSC retained ∼87.25% of its original PCE, whereas the CPIB device retained ∼66.90% of the initial PCE after aging in a dry box at constant heating (85 °C) over 720 h, which revealed high thermal stability. Furthermore, the indoor photovoltaic performance under light-emitting diode (LED) lighting conditions (3200 K, 1000 lux) was investigated, and the CPIB + 0.8 mg PEAI PSC showed a promising PCE of 26.73% compared to the CPIB device (19.68%). In addition, we developed a switching function by employing the optimized PSC under LED lighting conditions, demonstrating the practical application of constructed indoor PSCs.