Systematic Experimental Assessment of POFA Concrete Incorporating Waste Tire Rubber Aggregate.

Several researchers devoted considerable efforts to partially replace natural aggregates in concrete with recycled materials such as recycled tire rubber. However, this often led to a significant reduction in the compressive strength of rubberized concrete due to the weaker interfacial transition zone between the cementitious matrix and rubber particles and the softness of rubber granules. Thereafter, significant research has explored the effects of supplementary cementitious materials such as zeolite, fly ash, silica fume, and slag used as partial replacement for cement on rubberized concrete properties. In this study, systematic experimental work was carried out to assess the mechanical properties of palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-based concrete incorporating tire rubber aggregates (TRAs) using the response surface methodology (RSM). Based on the findings, reasonable compressive, flexure, and tensile strengths were recorded or up to 10% replacement of sand with recycled tire fibre and fine TRAs. In particular, the reduction in compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of POFA concrete incorporating fibre rubber decreased by 16.3%, 9.8%, and 10.1% at 365 days compared to normal concrete without POFA and rubber. It can be concluded that utilization of a combination of POFA and fine or fibre rubber could act as a beneficial strategy to solve the weakness of current rubberized concrete's strength as well as to tackle the environmental issues of the enormous stockpiles of waste tires worldwide.

Palm olein oil produces less lipid peroxidation products than soya bean oil.

The soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats were used to investigate the effect of palm olein oil and soya bean oil on the production of lipid peroxidation products. It was found that palm olein oil but not soya bean oil significantly decreased malonaldehyde and conjugated diene levels of the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid rats. These findings suggest that palm olein per se produces less lipid peroxidation products than soya bean oil. Such an assay method gives a composite net picture of the propensity of an oil to produce lipid peroxidation products.

Serum lipids of castrated rats given hormonal replacement and fed diets with added soybean oil or palm oil.

The effects of castration with/ without testosterone replacement in male rats, and ovarectomy with oestrogen replacement in female rats, on serum lipids were studied. Simultaneous feeding with diets fortified with 20% weight/ weight (w/ w) soybean oil (Sb) or palm oil (P0) were done to determine the influence of these oils on serum lipids in castrated and sex hormone replaced rats. Two month old male and female Rattus norwegicus rats were given the above treatment for 4 months, and their sera assayed for lipid profile. Castration increased HDL-cholesterol (HDLchol) and total cholesterol (Tchol) concentrations. Testosterone or oestrogen replacement in male and female rats respectively increased HDLchol and decreased LDL-cholesterol (LDLchol) concentrations. Testosterone replacement also decreased Tchol concentration back to noncastrated levels, and reduced serum triglycerides (TG) to lower than non-castrated levels. Addition of Sb or P0 to the diet increased the LDLchol in the testosterone or oestrogen replaced male and female rats, but there was no difference between the two groups. P0 raised serum TG of the testosterone replaced group compared to control and Sb groups. In conclusion, testosterone and oestrogen were found to have favourable effects on serum lipids. Sb and P0 did not differ in their effects on lipoprotein cholesterol and Tchol, but P0 raised serum TG as compared to Sb.

The effects of propranolol on skeletal muscle contraction, lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant activity in experimental hyperthyroidism.

1. The mean levels of lipid peroxidation products, namely conjugated diene and malonaldehyde, were increased in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid cats, while the mean glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased. No corresponding similar changes were noted in the fast extensor digitorum longus muscles and serum. 2. Propranolol administration prevented the increase in conjugated diene level in the soleus muscles of hyperthyroid cat but not the malonaldehyde level. It also prevented the reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity in the slow oxidative soleus muscles of hyperthyroid cats. 3. Maximal twitch tension, subtetanic tension and maximum tetanic tension of soleus and EDL muscles were reduced in hyperthyroid cats. Propranolol administration for 5 weeks to hyperthyroid cats did not prevent the reduction in tension of contractions of these muscles. 4. It is suggested that lipid peroxidation might not be responsible for the myopathy in hyperthyroidism and propranolol administration does not improve skeletal muscle function in hyperthyroid animals.