[Diagnosis of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease: pathomorphological aspects].

OBJECTIVE: To study the differential diagnostic value of histological and immunohistochemical signs in skin biopsy specimens in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained skin biopsy specimens from 50 patients with GVHD and 10 patients with toxicoderma were examined; immunohistochemical reactions using antibodies against CD3, CD20, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, CD56, CD1a, and CD68 were performed. The significance of differences between the groups was estimated using the chi2 and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: In GVHD, there was a significantly high count of necrotic epidermocytes with satellite cells in the epidermis, more commonly apoptosis of epitheliocytes in the skin appendages and vacuolar dystrophy of epidermocytes. On the contrary, the count of eosinophilic granulocytes, CD1a+, CD3+, FOXP3+, and CD8+ cells and the proportion of FOXP3+ cells proved to be significantly higher in the toxicoderma group. CONCLUSION: The results of the investigation were used to form groups of signs that were important in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous GVHD and toxic and allergic reactions.

[Immunomorphological characteristics of pulmonary langerhans cell histiocytosis].

Lung tissue specimens, obtained during lung biopsy or resection, were morphologically and immunohistochemically studied in 27 patients with Langerhans cell (LC) histiocytosis (LCH). The latter was diagnosed on the basis of the expression of CD1a and S-100. Without immunophenotyping, its diagnosis was difficult due to impaired tissue architectonics (sclerosis, bullous transformation) and artifacts that were inevitably present during lung biopsy. LCs in the infiltrates were shown to be capable for apoptosis. Induction of LC apoptosis may be regarded as a therapeutic strategy.

[Morphological diagnosis of plasmocytic myeloma in trephine biopsy (histological and immunohistochemical criteria)].

Histopathological features of multiple myeloma are reviewed with particular emphasis on its differential diagnosis with reactive plasmocytosis. An algorithm is proposed for examination of bone marrow trephine biopsy in multiple myeloma. Its prognostic factors are discussed. It is concluded that the diagnosis of myeloma in the pathology laboratory should consider cytopathological, histopathological and phenotypic data.

[Analysis of fatal outcomes issues of typhus fever].

The nature and frequency of complications in patients with typhus fever are of importance for its outcome. The causes of death were studied in 126 patients who had died from this disease. The immediate causes of death were as follows: infectious-toxic shock (31.7%), pneumonia (28.6%), and perforative peritonitis (26.2%). The pathomorphism of Payer's patches does not allow the stages of the disease to be identified. An immunohistochemical study established a drastic preponderance of granulomatous macrophages without proliferation markers with a simultaneous reduction in the count of T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells.

[Experimental model of generalized herpetic infection in newborns]. / Eksperimental'naia model' generalizovannoi gerpeticheskoi infektsii novorozhdennykh.

Generalized herpetic infection (GI) with a predominant involvement of the brain, eye, liver and spleen, in which cell rhexis and hyperchromatosis and large necrotic foci were observed, has been experimentally reproduced in newborn rabbits. Administration of herpes simplex virus at the dose of 5LD50 resulted in the suppression of immune reactions and animal death 4-5 days later. Dose of 2LD50 resulted in the immune response in the lymphoid organs, but the signs of the disease disappeared 5 days after the injection of the virus. The hypothesis on the existence of several clinico-morphological variants of GI is postulated.

[Orthostatic hypotension in primary amyloidosis]. / Ortostaticheskaia gipotoniia pri pervichnom amiloidoze.

Proceeding from clinicoanatomical observation of a 50-year-old man, the authors discuss the pathogenesis of arterial hypotension developing in generalized amyloidosis with severe affection of the cardiovascular and nervous system, and the adrenal glands.

[The diagnosis and treatment of complications in the late periods after operations for Hirschsprung's disease in children]. / Diagnostika i lechenie oslozhnenii v otdalennye sroki posle operatsii po povodu bolezni Girshprunga u detei.

On the basis of examinations of 15 children the authors consider that recurrent constipation and fecal discharges as complications of a remote postoperative period take place more frequently than incontinence of feces. One of the causes of constipation after radical operation for Hirschsprung's disease may be a long hypoganglionic zone of the distal portion of the colon. To solve the question about reoperation of children with Hirschsprung's disease the complex examination must necessarily include the determination of activity of tissue acetylcholinesterase in colon mucosa biopsies, balloon proctography, sphincterotonometry, endoscopic examination of the colon in addition to irrigography.

Measurements of esophageal diseases and distribution / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Incidence rate of esophageal cancer is not similar in each country, for example higher incidence in Central Asia, North America and northern Africa. An esophageal cancer in Mongolia is 4th most common cancer after liver, stomach and lung cancers. At first to determine the structure and functional tendency we need to formulate mathematic analysis, processing and reference values of measurements. Formulation consists of 2 main parts that are quantitative and qualitative methods.Goal: By this research study we have aimed to determine pathological types and morphometric indices in esophageal cancer.Materials and Methods: Materials and samples for research study were chosen from biopsies, which were taken for diagnosis of esophageal disease in national center of cancer, Ulaanbaatar city among 1998-2002. These materials were diagnosed by international classification, 2006 of WHO. Totally 286 samples were prepared, here 184 (64.5%) samples were squamous cell carcinoma (well differentiated- 55, moderate differentiated-103, poorly differentiated-26), adenocarcinoma 20 (7%), undifferentiated carcinoma 7 (2.4%), intraepithelial neoplasia 74 (25.9%), low grade neoplasia 9 (3.1%) and high grade neoplasia was 65 (22.8%). Measurement was done by Video test 5.0 of Russia and software SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis.Results: From the result of the study concluded the average indices are increased by 1.5 times in neoplasia cases of squamous epithelium, 2.1 times in well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cases, 3.2 times in moderate differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cases, 2 times poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cases, 2.1 times in adenocarcinoma cases and 1.7 times in the undifferentiated carcinoma cases in compare with relatively healthy average volume indices. But in the performed study was not observed a real difference between average volume indices of variable cancer cases. The most high rate of cell volume indices and square indices of nucleus were observed in moderate differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cases while in undifferentiated carcinoma and poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma cases were lowest rate of cell volume indices were observed.Conclusions: There are considerable signification on caryometrical and stereometrical research of differentiation between esophageal cancer and precancerous diseases.