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Introduction: The aim of our study was to evaluate testicular growth and risk of atrophy at different lengths of time from the 2SLF-SO in boys with intra-abdominal cryptorchidism. Material and methods: Twenty-seven boys aged one to 24 months were treated for 35 non-palpable testes. Twenty-one boys with 29 IAT underwent a two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens operation. The patients underwent ultrasound examination of the TV at six time points: before treatment (TP1), 3 months (TP2) and 9-12 months after laparoscopic F-S operation (TP3), 3 months after inguinal orchidopexy (TP4), 3-6 years of age (TP5) and 7-9 years of age (TP6). The testicular atrophy index (TAI) of the affected testicle was calculated. Results: The overall success rate of treatment was 93.1% (27/29). The median volume of the affected testicles before treatment was less than the median TV of the healthy gonad, but increased systematically at the successive time points, showing significant growth between the second and sixth time points (p < 0.02, R = 2.75). The median TAI value decreased at the subsequent time points from the level of 26% at TP1 to 5.4% at TP6, with no significant difference. Conclusions: Two-stage laparoscopic Fowler-Stevens operation proved to be an effective procedure for the treatment of intra-abdominal testicles. The undescended testis had a chance to grow and to equalize with the healthy testis after this procedure. The incidence of testicular atrophy was low.
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INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most dangerous lesions which can lead to carcinogenesis. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is an important pathway, that allows for recovering DNA by direct end joining. The XRCC6 and LIG4 genes encode respectively Ku70 protein and human ATP-dependent DNA ligase, which are the components of the NHEJ repair pathway. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of XRCC6 C1310G and LIG4 T9I genes polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk among Polish population. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Genotyping was performed using TaqMan probes based on analysis of PCR products amplified in Real Time PCR. The research has been carried out on the material obtained from 100 patients with colorectal cancer and 100 cancer-free individuals who were age and sex-matched as a control group. The results were developed using the chi - squer test and odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Odd ratio analysis indicates reduced risk of colorectal cancer for LIG4 T9I polymorphism in heterozygotus model C/T (OR= 0.2717 95% CI= 0.1247-0,5918) and homozygous model T/T (OR= 0.3593 95% CI= 0.1394-0.9266). Similar situation we observed for XRCC6 C1310G gene polymorphism, which indicated on heterozygotus variant C/G (OR= 0.1181 95% CI= 0.0145-0.964) and homozygotus variant G/G (OR= 0.0972 95% CI= 0.0097-0.9713) to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. Conslusions: Our research revealed XRCC6 C1310G and LIG4 T9I polymorphisms are associated with diminished risk of colorectal cancer. However, to confirm obtained results, a further investigations should be carried out.