[The pathogenesis of elevated intracranial pressure in children and adolescents with craniovertebral pathology]. / O patogeneze povysheniia vnutricherepnogo davleniia u detei i podrostkov pri kraniovertebral'noi patologii.

The paper deals with intracranial hypertension in children and adolescents. Thirty-six patients with the upper cervical dysplasia and identified associated intracranial hypertension were examined. Magnetic resonance imaging and functional tests were used. Some patients were diagnosed as having a thickened ligamentous apparatus at the level of craniovertebral junction, which was a cause of spinal fluid dynamic disorders and led to elevated intracranial pressure.

[The outcomes in crush syndrome of the extremities half a year after the earthquake in Armenia]. / Iskhody sindroma dlitel'nogo sdavleniia konechnostei cherez polgoda posle zemletriaseniia v Armenii.

Squeezed syndrome affecting various segments of limbs has been identified in 245 of 500 victims randomized for examination 6 months after the earthquake. In 119 cases associated with closed fractures of long tubular bones and in 59 cases with open ones. In 124 cases duration of squeezing was up to 12 h, and in 70 cases--1 day and more. Segmental limb amputation was performed in 113 cases. In 95 cases limbs functions were retained and in 81--lost. Perspectives of more successful outcomes depend on the maximal shortening of rescue period, on rational organization of the treatment process and prolongation of recovery management of squeezed syndrome sequelae.

[Artificial contrasting of the hip joint in children and adolescents: X-ray anatomic study]. / Iskusstvennoe kontrastirovanie tazobedrennogo sustava u detei i podrostkov (rentgeno-anatomicheskoe issledovanie).

The diagnostic capacities of currently available radiation diagnostic techniques in imaging some anatomic structures of the hip joint (HJ) were determined on the basis of studies of 70 sectional sets of HJs in children and adolescents aged 0 to 13 years through X-ray and anatomic comparisons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the method of choice in visualizing the cartilaginous and soft-tissue structures of HJ in children and adolescents. MR-arthrography extends the capacities of the technique in imaging the articular surfaces and intraarticular structures of the joint. Contrast enhancement of the HJ cavity during X-ray study and computed tomography may be an alternative to MRI as it makes it possible to well visualize the cartilaginous head of the femur, the cartilaginous borders of the cotyloid cavity, the limbus, etc. Double contrasting enhances the capacities of detailed imaging of the articular surfaces, intraarticular structures, capsules, and ligamentous apparatus of HJ. The studies performed have specified the time course of anatomic changes during HJ growth and defined the method of choice or an alternative procedure of radiation techniques in the diagnosis of these changes, which is of great importance for early detection of pathological changes and for choice of therapeutic and diagnostic policy.