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Conventional fluorescent lamps that are used in tissue culture are costly light sources, exhibiting excessive wavelength emission-bandwidth that must be replaced by alternative, less costly, and much lower power-consuming energy sources. The use of Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is the best option due to their potential role as elicitors of secondary metabolite production in many plant models. Gynura procumbens (G. procumbens) is widely used for treating various diseases. Here, leaf explants were cultivated in MS medium that was supplemented with 0.5 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) for 30 days under white, blue, and red LEDs. Secondary metabolites were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). Blue LEDs elicited the highest antioxidant activity, total flavonoid, and phenolic content. Furthermore, the content of cyanidin-monoglucosides significantly increased under blue light.
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Antocianinas/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Asteraceae/química , Luz , Antocianinas/análise , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Asteraceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Asteraceae/metabolismo , Biomassa , Células Cultivadas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Espectrometria de Massas , Fenóis/análise , Fenóis/metabolismo , Fotobiologia , Células Vegetais , Folhas de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) is a Korean traditional herb medicine that is widely-used in clinical health care. The clinical functions of GR include relief of toxicity, anti-cancer, regulating blood cholesterol and anti-inflammation. This study investigated the role of GR on ulcerative colitis in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. METHOD: Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses were done on male BALB/c mice administered 5 % DSS during the experimental period. Ethanol extracts of GR were orally administered at same time daily to control mice. The severity of colitis was measured by body weight change and colon length. RESULT: DSS-treated mice displayed weight loss and shortened colon length compared with control mice. Mice were administered GR showed less weight loss and longer colon length than the DSS-treated group. Inflammatory cytokines were decreased by GR treatment. Treatment also reduced DSS-induced microscopic damage to colon tissue. GR regulated the phosphorylation of transcription factors such as NF-κB p65 and IκB α. CONCLUSIONS: GR has beneficial effects in a colitis model. GR might be a useful herb medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Glycyrrhiza/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Colo/imunologia , Sulfato de Dextrana , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fitoterapia , Fator de Transcrição RelA/genética , Fator de Transcrição RelA/imunologiaRESUMO
Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) is a Korean traditional herb medicine that is widely used in clinical health care. Glycyrrhetic acid (GA) is an aglycone saponin extracted from GR that has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of GA in colitis have not been reported. This study investigated the role of GA on ulcerative colitis in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model. DSS-treated mice displayed weight loss and shortened colon length compared with control mice. Mice administered GA showed less weight loss and longer colon length than the DSS-treated group. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were decreased by GA treatment. GA treatment also reduced DSS-induced microscopic damage to colon tissue. GA regulates the phosphorylation of transcription factors including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and IκB alpha, and regulates the expression of cycloxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. GA thus showed beneficial effects in a mouse model of colitis, implicating GA might be a useful herb-derived medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfato de Dextrana/efeitos adversos , Ácido Glicirretínico/administração & dosagem , Redução de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/metabolismo , Colo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Ácido Glicirretínico/farmacologia , Glycyrrhiza/química , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
Chicoric acid (dicaffeoyl-tartaric acid), is a natural phenolic compound found in a number of plants, such as chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), which possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and analgesic activities. Although these biological effects of chicoric acid have been investigated, there are no reports of its antiallergic-related anti-inflammatory effects in human mast cells (HMC)-1 or anaphylactic activity in a mouse model. Therefore, we investigated the antiallergic-related anti-inflammatory effect of chicoric acid and its underlying mechanisms of action using phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated HMC-1 cells. Chicoric acid decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1ß. We studied the inhibitory effects of chicoric acid on the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activation of caspase-1. However, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation was not sufficient to abrogate the stimulus. In addition, we investigated the ability of chicoric acid to inhibit compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis in vivo. Oral administration of chicoric acid at 20 mg/kg inhibited histamine release and protected mice against compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic mortality. These results suggest that chicoric acid has an antiallergic-related anti-inflammatory effect that involves modulating mast cell-mediated allergic responses. Therefore, chicoric acid could be an efficacious agent for allergy-related inflammatory disorders.
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Antialérgicos/farmacologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Succinatos/farmacologia , Animais , Caspase 1/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/antagonistas & inibidores , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , NF-kappa B/antagonistas & inibidores , Ésteres de Forbol/farmacologia , p-Metoxi-N-metilfenetilamina/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismoRESUMO
We present a simple, eco-friendly synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles using a natural polymer pine gum solution as the reducing and capping agent. The pine gum solution was combined with silver nitrate (AgNO3) or a chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) solution to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), respectively. The reaction process was simple; formation of the nanoparticles was achieved by autoclaving the silver and gold ions with the pine gum. UV-Vis spectra showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for silver and gold nanoparticles at 432 and 539 nm, respectively. The elemental forms of AgNPs and AuNPs were confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the biomolecules present in the pine gum, AgNPs, and AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the shape and size of AgNPs and AuNPs. The crystalline nature of synthesized AgNPs and AuNPs was confirmed by X-ray crystallography [X-ray diffraction (XRD)]. Application of synthesized AgNPs onto cotton fabrics and leather, in order to evaluate their antibacterial properties against odor- or skin infection-causing bacteria, is also discussed. Among the four tested bacteria, AgNP-coated cotton fabric and leather samples displayed excellent antibacterial activity against Brevibacterium linens.
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Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Odorantes/prevenção & controle , Prata/farmacologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/veterinária , Têxteis/microbiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Odorantes/análise , Prata/química , Pele/microbiologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/microbiologia , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Têxteis/análiseRESUMO
In the present study, we synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles with a particle size of 10-20 nm, using Zingiber officinale root extract as a reducing and capping agent. Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were mixed with Z. officinale root extract for the production of silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The surface plasmon absorbance spectra of AgNPs and AuNPs were observed at 436-531 nm, respectively. Optimum nanoparticle production was achieved at pH 8 and 9, 1 mM metal ion, a reaction temperature 50 °C and reaction time of 150-180 min for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) study provides proof for the purity of AgNPs and AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy images show the diameter of well-dispersed AgNPs (10-20 nm) and AuNPs (5-20 nm). The nanocrystalline phase of Ag and Au with FCC crystal structures have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis shows the respective peaks for the potential biomolecules in the ginger rhizome extract, which are responsible for the reduction in metal ions and synthesized AgNPs and AuNPs. In addition, the synthesized AgNPs showed a moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial food pathogens.
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Antibacterianos/química , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Prata/química , Zingiber officinale/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bacillus/efeitos dos fármacos , Listeria/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Espectrometria por Raios X , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Ressonância de Plasmônio de SuperfícieRESUMO
A heavy metal-tolerant fungus, Trichoderma virens PDR-28, was isolated from rhizosphere soil and evaluated for use in remediating mine tailing soil and for plant biomass production. PDR-28 exhibited plant growth-promoting traits, including 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, acid phosphatase and phytase activity, siderophore production, and P solubilization. HMs were more available in mine tailing soil inoculated soil with PDR-28 than in uninoculated soil; the order of HM bioleaching was Cd > As > Zn > Pb > Cu. PDR-28 effectively removed HMs in the order of Pb > Cd > As > Zn > Cu from liquid media containing 100 mg HM L(-1). Inoculating HM-contaminated mine tailing soil with the fungus significantly increased the dry biomass of maize roots (64%) and shoots (56%). Chlorophyll, total soluble sugars (reducible and nonreducible), starch, and protein contents increased by 46%, 28%, 30%, and 29%, respectively, compared to plants grown in uninoculated soil. Inoculation increased heavy metal concentrations in maize roots by 25% (Cu) to 62% (Cd) and in shoots by 35% (Cu) to 64% (Pb) compared to uninoculated plants. Results suggest that PDR-28 would be beneficial for phytostabilization and plant biomass production as a potential source of biofuel in the quest for renewable energy.
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Metais Pesados/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Vegetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Zea mays/microbiologia , DNA Fúngico/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Trichoderma/genética , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine. UC is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon and rectum that includes intervals of acute exacerbation. Although recent studies have suggested that proinflammatory cytokines might have initiated the inflammatory responses in UC, its etiology remains unclear. Aronia berries are rich in dietary polyphenols such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins with various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiaging activities. The objective of this study was to determine whether Aronia berry can be an effective intervention for the treatment of UC. BALB/c mice were administered 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce UC. They were then given Aronia berry extracts at concentrations of 10 or 100 mg/kg. During the induction of UC, the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B were increased in colonic epithelial cells and immune cells, leading to increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Aronia berry extract significantly improved the clinical signs of DSS-induced UC, including body weight loss, colon length shortening, and disease activity index increase, with histological markers of colon injury. Furthermore, oral administration of Aronia berry extract inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in DSS-induced colitis and decreased the levels of nitric oxide, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. These results suggest that Aronia berry extract could efficiently ameliorate clinical signs and inflammatory mediators of UC. Therefore, Aronia berry might be a promising natural treatment for UC.
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Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Photinia/química , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/imunologia , Sulfato de Dextrana/efeitos adversos , Dinoprostona/imunologia , Frutas/química , Humanos , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Metal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ onto leather, silk and cotton fabrics by three different modules, including green, chemical, and a composite of green and chemical synthesis. Green synthesis was employed using Ginkgo biloba Linn leaf powder extract and HAuCl4 with the fabrics, and chemical synthesis was done with KBH4 and HAuCl4. For composite synthesis, G. biloba extract and KBH4 were used to color and embed AuNPs in the fabrics. The colored fabrics were tested for color coordination and fastness properties. To validate the green synthesis of AuNPs, various instrumental techniques were used including UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HR-TEM, FTIR, and XRD. The chemical and composite methods reduce Au(+) onto leather, silk and cotton fabrics upon heating, and alkaline conditions are required for bonding to fibers; these conditions are not used in the green synthesis protocol. FE-SEM image revealed the binding nature of the AuNPs to the fabrics. The AuNPs that were synthesized in situ on the fabrics were tested against a skin pathogen, Brevibacterium linens using LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability testing. This study represents an initial route for coloring and bio-functionalization of various fabrics with green technologies, and, accordingly, should open new avenues for innovation in the textile and garment sectors.
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Antibacterianos/química , Cor , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Têxteis , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
The present study was carried out to examine the antidiabetic effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with (Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract-SRLE) bioactive molecules in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus. Successful crosslinking of the bioactive molecules to the chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The colloidal characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were revealed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphological analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that thebioactive molecule-loaded CNPs were well-dispersed and spherical or polygonal in shape with an average size of<73.27nm than the z-average value (327nm) as measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). SRLE CNP-treated diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in their mean fasting blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group. The serum levels of various enzymes viz., serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant such as catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the SRLE CNP-treated group were closer to normal levels than those in the diabetic control group.
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Quitosana , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes , Nanopartículas/química , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta/química , Stevia/química , Animais , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/farmacologia , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangue , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
In the present study, we investigated a novel green route for synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystals using Prunus × yedoensis Matsumura leaf extract as a reducing agent without using any surfactant or external energy. Standard characterization studies were carried out to confirm the obtained product using UV-Vis spectra, SEM-EDS, FTIR, TEM, and XRD. In addition, the synthesized ZnO nanocrystals were coated onto fabric and leather samples to study their bacteriostatic effect against odor-causing bacteria Brevibacterium linens and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zinc oxide nanocrystal-coated fabric and leather showed good activity against both bacteria.
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Antibacterianos , Brevibacterium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Nanopartículas/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Prunus/química , Staphylococcus epidermidis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óxido de Zinco , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/química , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to introduce novel Sn, Cu, Hg, and Ag nanopowders (NPs) and a composite nanopowder (NP) synthesized using Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) root extract as a reducing and capping agent to improve the antibacterial property of dental filling materials. All of the NPs obtained were characterized using a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum imaging was performed to map the elemental distributions of the NP composite. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed to identify the role of various functional groups in all of the obtained NPs and the phyto-compound responsible for the reduction of various metal ions. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns clearly illustrated the crystalline phase of the synthesized NP. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized Sn, Cu, Hg, Ag, composite NP, SM root extract, and commercial amalgam powder were evaluated. The Cu, composite NP, SM root extract and Ag NP displayed excellent antibacterial activity against dental bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The results of this study require further evaluation for signs of metal toxicity in appropriate animal models. However, the results are encouraging for the application of metal NPs as suitable alternatives for antibiotics and disinfectants, especially in dental filling materials.
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Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Boca/microbiologia , Nanoestruturas , Pós , Técnicas In Vitro , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
We present the simple, eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using sunlight or green, red, blue, or white LED light together with Dryopteris crassirhizoma rhizome extract (DCRE) as the reducing and capping agent. The preliminary indication of AgNP production was a color change from yellowish green to brown after light exposure in the presence of DCRE. Optimization of parameters such as pH, inoculum dose, and metal ion concentration played an important role in achieving nanoparticle production in 30min. The spectroscopic and morphological properties of AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy through the presence of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band for AgNPs, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FT-IR results indicated that the phytochemical present in DCRE was the probable reducing/capping agent involved in the synthesis of AgNPs, and light radiation enhanced nanoparticle production. HR-TEM revealed that the AgNPs were almost spherical with an average size of 5-60nm under all light sources. XRD studies confirmed the face cubic center (fcc) unit cell structure of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs showed good antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study will bring a new insight in ecofriendly production of metal nanoparticles.
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Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Fotobiologia , Prata/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Análise Espectral/métodosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize endophytic bacteria from the roots of the metal hyperaccumulator plant Alnus firma. A total of 14 bacterial endophytes were isolated from root samples and assayed for tolerance to heavy metals. Isolate MN3-4 exhibited maximum bioremoval of Pb and was subsequently identified as Bacillus sp. based on 16S rRNA sequences. The pH and initial metal concentration highly influenced the Pb bioremoval rate. The growth of isolate MN3-4 was moderately altered in the presence of metals. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, biological-transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that isolate MN3-4 had extracellularly sequestered the Pb molecules with little intracellular accumulation. Isolate MN3-4 did not harbor pbrA and pbrT genes. Moreover, isolate MN3-4 had the capacity to produce siderophores and indoleacetic acid. A root elongation assay demonstrated an increase (46.25%) in the root elongation of inoculated Brassica napus seedlings compared to that of the control plants. Obtained results pointed out that isolate MN3-4 could potentially reduce heavy metal phytotoxicity and increase Pb accumulation in A. firma plants.