Diagnosis and treatment of pyriform sinus perforation / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the early diagnosis, treatment and Prognosis of pyriform sinus perforation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To study the clinical feature about 15 cases of pyriform sinus perforation, Most of the 15 cases with pyriform sinus perforation were associated with pharyngeal pain or fever. contrast x-ray studies and CT scan were used to confirm the perforation. conservative treatment in 9 cases and surgical intervention in 6 cases. and review relevant literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of all 15 cases, 9 cases with wild symptoms for conservative treatment, 6 cases with severe symptoms and complications were treated surgically. All achieved better clinical efficacy, By relevant examination, the perforation were healed within 2 - 4 weeks and none had re-perforation for 1 - 30 months follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Pyriform sinus perforation with wild symptoms and within 12 hours can be treated conservatively. Large perforation (> 2 cm) last more than 12 hours or any complications require exploration, operation repair if possible and adequate drainage. early diagnosis and effective treatment can reduce the incidence of complications and improve the survival rate of patients.</p>

Electrophysiological characteristics of muscarinic cholinergic receptor in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons by visual patch clamp technique / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique and study the properties and functional significance of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat medial vestibular nucleus neurons (MVNn).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Brain slices containing the MVN were prepared from fifteen Wistar rats. By combining infrared differential interference contrast (IR-DIC) technique and CCD-Camera system with visual patch clamp whole-cell recording technique, twenty healthy neurons were located and muscarinic receptor-mediated currents in rat MVNn were observed and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Visual patch clamp technique can be used to make direct localization and to make sure of active neuron. In MVNn, a comparison of the current-voltage relationships before and during the application of muscarine, which revealed an increase in the slope of the I-V curve and the reversal potential for this response lay at (-88.4 +/- 4.9) mV (x +/- s), indicates that the activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors leads to a decrease in potassium current. The test in the voltage sensitivity of the muscarine-induced response, which showed that the effect had a linear current-voltage relationship and reversed at (-86.7 +/- 3.5) mV, indicates that the potassium current blocked by muscarine corresponds to the voltage-insensitive leak potassium current.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Visual patch clamp technique, which was considered better than blind patch clamp technique, can improve the success of sealing process. By the analysis of muscarinic receptor-mediated currents, the data provide support that muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms play a prominent role in the modulation of the excitability of MVNn and also offer a new idea for the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs.</p>

Correction of posttraumatic deviated nose in 136 cases / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To explore a good of treating posttraumatic deviated nose. Methods Clinical data of 136 patients with posttraumatic deviated nose were analyzed.Closed nasal bone replacement was employed in 34 patients with the disease history of 20-30 days,while open rhino- plasty approach was employed in 102 patients with the disease history over 6 months to correct their postt- raumatic deviated nose,and straightening the septum and ectomizing the inferior turbinate were done if necessary.Results The follow-up was over one year.In the 34 patients with the disease history of 20- 30 days,the outcome was excellent in 28 cases and good in 6.In the 102 patients with the disease history over 6 months,the outcome was excellent in 81 cases and good in 21.The deformity of nose was corrected satisfactorily.Normal nasal shape and good ventilation were obtained.Conclusion Posttraumatic devi- ated nose deformities are often caused by delayed and inaccurate treatment.Closed nasal bone replace- ment can be employed for the patients with trauma history less than one month,and open rhinoplasty ap- proach and straightening the septum and restoration of the nasal shape are employed for other patients.In this way good results can be obtained.