Superior Vena Cava Stent Migration Into the Right Atrium.

Possible stent migration was suspected in this case and confirmed on transesophageal echocardiography. The patient underwent successful stent removal with snaring, as well as subsequent placement of another stent in the superior vena cava without further complications.

Uncorrected Univentricular Heart in an Adult.

An 18-year-old male with an unknown medical history presented with palpitations and paroxysmal episodes of shortness of breath over a 7-year period. Transthoracic echocardiography displayed a univentricle with an ejection fraction of 45%. The patient refused treatment and was lost to follow-up.

Glycopyrrolate and Post-Operative Urinary Retention: A Narrative Review.

The use of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade (NDNMB) necessitates the use of reversal agents. Glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic agent, is commonly used in combination with neostigmine, an anticholinesterase, for the reversal of neuromuscular blockade medications. Glycopyrrolate is known to effect on the genitourinary system adversely with an inhibitory effect on bladder contraction, bladder hypotonia, and increase in the frequency of urinary retention. Many studies analyzing the association between glycopyrrolate and urinary retention are outdated and published over a decade ago. The decade old studies were retrospective and did not consider post-operative urinary retention (POUR) as a primary outcome. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the association between glycopyrrolate administration and post-operative urinary retention in the perioperative setting.

Experimental severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and antibiotic therapy in piglets receiving mechanical ventilation.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the general and local consequences of severe pneumonia under mechanical ventilation (SPMV) and how these are resolved with antibiotic therapy (ABT). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the physiologic, biological, microbiological, and pathologic changes produced by experimental SPMV in a porcine model, and to evaluate the effect of ABT. METHODS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated in 12 large white-Landrace piglets receiving mechanical that were killed after 72 h if death did not occur before. Vital signs, serum and BAL cytokines, serum C-reactive protein (CRP), and graded postmortem lung pathology and cultures (blood and quantitative BAL and lung) were evaluated. Six piglets received inappropriate ABT (no ABT or ceftriaxone), and six piglets received appropriate ABT (ciprofloxacin). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pathologic and microbiological evidence of infection were present in all the animals in both groups. SPMV produced significant oxygenation and lung compliance worsening, increased serum CRP, and reduced BAL fluid tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Arterial thrombosis in lung pathology was associated with higher temperature, hypoxemia and low lung compliance, higher initial serum CRP and TNF-alpha concentrations, and increased serum interleukin (IL)-6 and BAL IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Reduced ABT reduced body temperature and culture positivity. CONCLUSIONS: This model resembles VAP and has been used for studying pulmonary infection and inflammation related to mechanical ventilation. ABT reduced fever and bacterial burden in SPMV but had no effect on cytokine or CRP concentrations, oxygenation, or lung mechanics. Pulmonary artery thrombosis was associated with worse response to infection.

Case report: management of differential diagnosis and treatment of severe anaphylaxis in the setting of spinal anesthesia.

The purpose of this case report is to educate fellow anesthesiologists of a complicated differential diagnosis for sudden cardiovascular collapse after spinal anesthesia. We report a case where anaphylaxis occurred while under spinal anesthesia and resulted in difficult resuscitation. A 58-year-old woman undergoing bilateral knee replacements under spinal anesthesia experienced sudden seizure and cardiovascular collapse from acute anaphylactic shock while administering a cephalosporin. Local anesthetic toxicity, high spinal, and anaphylaxis were considered due to overlapping of symptoms. Successful resuscitation required prolonged advanced cardiac life support with substantially larger doses of epinephrine. Anaphylactic shock under spinal anesthesia is an acute and life-threatening complication, worsened by the spinal-induced sympathectomy, and aggressive resuscitation is warranted. Despite the presence of overlapping symptoms of differential diagnoses, rapid identification of the cause of cardiovascular collapse is crucial given that resuscitation treatment modalities may conflict. Timing of antibiotic administration should be adjusted for spinal anesthesia cases to allow time to detect possible anaphylaxis.

Neumonía en Organización: revisión del tema y presentación de 4 casos / Organizing pneumonia: revision of the topic and presentation of 4 cases

Se hace una revisión de las Neumonías en Organización según el concepto actual de las mismas, su nomenclatura diferente de las usadas previamente (BOOP), y las características clínicas, clasificación etiológica, alteraciones funcionales y anormalidades en las imágenes. Se comentan 4 casos clínicos de interés, dos con confirmación biópsica, y dos debidos a toxicidad por amiodarona. Se describe la afectación clínica, funcional y radiológica de los casos y se enfatiza un paciente con alteración tomográfica inusual y otro con evolución fibrótica progresiva asociado a artritis reumatoidea que se hizo aparente un año después del COP y coincidió con una exacerbación tardía del mismo.

Organizing pneumonias are reviewed according to the new approach from ATS/ERS statement. Most frecuent clinical patterns, image studies and functional alterations are commented on. Four clinical cases are described, two with pathological confirmation and two other amiodarone related. Unusual HRTC presentation is remarked in one case and another one due to rheumatoid arthritis, with pulmonary alteration preceding in one year rheumatic manifestations and relapsing one year later simultaneously with clinical and serologic rheumatoid arthritis.

Infecciones asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales en pacientes críticos / Central venous catheter-related infections in critically ill patients

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de las distintas infecciones asociadas a catéteres (IAC): colonización del catéter (CC), bacteriemia asociada a catéter (BAC) e infecciones del sitio de salida (ISS), de acuerdo a las definiciones del CDC. Diseño: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, realizado en una UTI polivalente de 8 camas de un hospital escuela, durante el período de un año. Materiales y métodos: Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes ingresados a UTI desde el 01/01/00 al 01/01/01 que requirieran catéteres venosos centrales (CVC) durante más de 24 hs. Se consideró CC como el crecimiento de ò15 UFC en un recuento semicuantitativo o de ò10 UFC en un recuento cuantitativo de la punta distal del catéter con hemocultivos negativos; BAC al aislamiento del mismo germen (idéntica tipificación y sensibilidad) en la punta del catéter por cultivo semicuantitativo o cuantitativo y en hemocultivos periféricos; e ISS ante la presencia de eritema, induración o purulencia hasta 2 cm del sitio de salida del catéter. Los accesos utilizados fueron yugular, femoral y subclavio...(AU)

Infecciones asociadas a catéteres venosos centrales en pacientes críticos / Central venous catheter-related infections in critically ill patients

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de las distintas infecciones asociadas a catéteres (IAC): colonización del catéter (CC), bacteriemia asociada a catéter (BAC) e infecciones del sitio de salida (ISS), de acuerdo a las definiciones del CDC. Diseño: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, realizado en una UTI polivalente de 8 camas de un hospital escuela, durante el período de un año. Materiales y métodos: Fueron incluidos todos los pacientes ingresados a UTI desde el 01/01/00 al 01/01/01 que requirieran catéteres venosos centrales (CVC) durante más de 24 hs. Se consideró CC como el crecimiento de ò15 UFC en un recuento semicuantitativo o de ò10 UFC en un recuento cuantitativo de la punta distal del catéter con hemocultivos negativos; BAC al aislamiento del mismo germen (idéntica tipificación y sensibilidad) en la punta del catéter por cultivo semicuantitativo o cuantitativo y en hemocultivos periféricos; e ISS ante la presencia de eritema, induración o purulencia hasta 2 cm del sitio de salida del catéter. Los accesos utilizados fueron yugular, femoral y subclavio...