Yellow fever virus isolated from a fatal post vaccination event: an experimental comparative study with the 17DD vaccine strain in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).

In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the virus strain GOI 4191 that was isolated from a fatal adverse event after yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination, an experimental assay using hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as animal model and YFV 17DD vaccine strain as virus reference was accomplished. The two virus strains were inoculated by intracerebral, intrahepatic and subcutaneous routes. The levels of viremia, antibody response, and aminotransferases were determined in sera; while virus, antigen and histopathological changes were determined in the viscera. No viremia was detected for either strain following infection; the immune response was demonstrated to be more effective to strain GOI 4191; and no significant aminotransferase levels alterations were detected. Strain GOI 4191 was recovered only from the brain of animals inoculated by the IC route. Viral antigens were detected in liver and brain by immunohistochemical assay. Histothological changes in the viscera were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular necrosis, and viral encephalitis. Histological alterations and detection of viral antigen were observed in the liver of animals inoculated by the intrahepatic route. These findings were similar for both strains used in the experiment; however, significant differences were observed from those results previously reported for wild type YFV strains.

Estudo experimental sobre a patogenicidade do Vírus Ilhéus em hamsters dourados (Mesocricetus auratus) / Pathogenesis of the Ilheus virus in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Visando investigar a patogenicidade do Flavivirus Ilhéus (VILH) foi inoculada, via intraperitoneal, 9,8 DL de suspensão 50 viral em hamsters dourados jovens (Mesocricetus auratus) e, diariamente, soros e vísceras (cérebro, fígado, coração, baço, rins e pulmões) de animais infectados e de controles não-infectados foram obtidos sob anestesia. Durante o experimento foi determinado o título viral do VILH em soros e vísceras infectados, em camundongos recém-nascidos. Ademais, a detecção de antígeno e os níveis de anticorpos por testes de fixação do complemento e inibição da hemaglutinação foram realizados nos soros. Exame histopatológico por HE e a detecção de antígenos virais por Imunohistoquímica (IHQ) foram realizados nos tecidos dos animais. A dose inoculada ocasionou a morte dos animais por encefalite no sétimo dia pós inoculação. Todos os órgãos estudados apresentaram alterações teciduais detectáveis por histopatologia. Volumosa presença de antígeno viral foi detectada por IHQ no cérebro, e, em menor quantidade, no fígado, baço e rins; porém, nestes órgãos, a presença de antígeno viral foi transitória e de leve intensidade, o que corroborou com os títulos virais obtidos nesses órgãos. Não foram encontrados antígenos virais em coração e pulmões, sugerindo que os títulos (DL ) 50 observados nesses órgãos, durante a titulação em camundongos, decorreram da presença do VILH na corrente sanguínea (viremia). Os achados deste estudo reforçam o importante e conhecido neurotropismo do VILH.

The pathogenesis of the Ilheus flavivirus (Flaviviridae) was investigated in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) using an inoculum of 9.8 LD50 via intraperitoneal (IP). For ten days, two infected and one control animals were anesthetized, and blood and viscera fragments (brain, liver, heart, lung, spleen and kidneys) were collected on a daily basis for determination of viral titers in newborn mice and antigens/antibody by complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests. Additionally, the pathology of animal tissues was studied by the the hematoxylin and eosin method, viral antigens were detected by immunochemistry, and all collected viscera showed histopathological changes. Large amounts of ILHV antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in the brain, and in lower quantities in the liver, spleen and kidneys, corroborating with newborn viral titers in them. This inoculum resulted in a fatal outcome of all infected animals seven days after experimentation. Viral antigens were not found in the heart and lungs, suggesting that the viral titers obtained were caused by viremia and not by viral damage. The information in this study confirms the neurotropism and neuropathogenicity of ILHV.

Yellow fever virus isolated from a fatal post vaccination event: an experimental comparative study with the 17DD vaccine strain in the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) / Vírus da febre amarela isolado de acidente pós-vacinal fatal: estudo experimental comparativo com a amostra vacinal 17DD em Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

In order to investigate the pathogenicity of the virus strain GOI 4191 that was isolated from a fatal adverse event after yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccination, an experimental assay using hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) as animal model and YFV 17DD vaccine strain as virus reference was accomplished. The two virus strains were inoculated by intracerebral, intrahepatic and subcutaneous routes. The levels of viremia, antibody response, and aminotransferases were determined in sera; while virus, antigen and histopathological changes were determined in the viscera. No viremia was detected for either strain following infection; the immune response was demonstrated to be more effective to strain GOI 4191; and no significant aminotransferase levels alterations were detected. Strain GOI 4191 was recovered only from the brain of animals inoculated by the IC route. Viral antigens were detected in liver and brain by immunohistochemical assay. Histothological changes in the viscera were characterized by inflammatory infiltrate, hepatocellular necrosis, and viral encephalitis. Histological alterations and detection of viral antigen were observed in the liver of animals inoculated by the intrahepatic route. These findings were similar for both strains used in the experiment; however, significant differences were observed from those results previously reported for wild type YFV strains.

Visando investigar a possível patogenicidade do vírus isolado (GOI 4191) de um evento adverso fatal pela vacinação antiamarílica, realizou-se um ensaio experimental em Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), usando-se a cepa vacinal 17DD como parâmetro. As amostras virais foram inoculadas por via intracerebral, intra-hepática e subcutânea. Nos soros foram determinados níveis de viremia, resposta imune e aminotransferases, e nas vísceras a presença de vírus, antígeno e lesões teciduais. Não se detectou viremia para as duas amostras, a resposta imune foi maior para GOI 4191, e as aminotransferases não apresentaram alterações compatíveis com danos hepáticos. Nos animais inoculados por via intracerebral o vírus foi recuperado somente a partir do cérebro, sendo o antígeno viral detectado, por imuno-histoquímica, no cérebro e fígado. Infiltrado inflamatório e corpúsculos acidófilos foram observados no fígado e lesões tipo encefalite viral no sistema nervoso central. Alterações histológicas e antígeno viral foram observados, também, no fígado dos animais infectados por via intra-hepática, e ausentes naqueles inoculados por via subcutânea. Os resultados foram similares para as duas amostras testadas, entretanto distintos daqueles relatados na literatura para cepas silvestres do vírus amarílico.