RESUMO
The skin mycobiota plays a significant role in infection risk, pathogen transmission, and personalized medicine approaches in intensive care settings. This prospective multicenter study aimed to enhance our understanding of intensive care units' (ICUs') Candida colonization dynamics, identify modifiable risk factors, and assess their impact on survival risk. Specimens were taken from 675, 203, and 110 patients at the admission (D1), 5th (D5), and 8th (D8) days of ICU stay, respectively. The patient's demographic and clinical data were collected. Candida isolates were identified by conventional culture-based microbiology combined with molecular approaches. Overall, colonization was 184/675 (27.3%), 87/203 (42.8%), and 58/110 (52.7%) on D1, D5, and D8, respectively. Candida colonization dynamics were significantly associated with ICU type (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, 95% CI 1.22-3.39, p = 0.007), respiratory infection (OR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.17-2.58, p = 0.006), hemodialysis (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.17-4.10, p = 0.014), COVID-19 (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.99, p = 0.048), and with a poor 3-month outcome (p = 0.008). Skin Candida spp. colonization can be an early warning tool to generate valuable insights into the epidemiology, risk factors, and survival rates of critically ill patients, and should be considered for epidemiological surveillance.
RESUMO
Background: Microbial dysbiosis may contribute to alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) homeostasis disruption, yet the burden of inflammatory periodontal infection and its treatment have never been studied in this regard. We aimed to compare the cytokine and α-Syn levels in the saliva and blood of patients with periodontitis who underwent non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) and those of their healthy counterparts. Methods: Periodontal examination and saliva and blood sample collection were carried out in incoming patients at a university clinic. The periodontitis group (PG) received NSPT. The sample collection and periodontal observation were repeated 30 days after. IL-6, IL1-ß and total α-Syn were quantified using immunoassay methods. The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated as a proxy for periodontal inflammation. Results: Eleven participants formed the PG, and there were fifteen healthy controls (HC). At baseline, no correlation between salivary and plasma α-Syn was found. The salivary α-Syn levels revealed a tendency to decrease 30 days after, particularly in the PD cases. The variation in PISA and α-Syn showed significant correlation. Salivary α-Syn correlated negatively with salivary IL-6 levels at both timepoints in the total sample (rho = -0.394 and rho = -0.451) and in the HC (rho = -0.632 and rho = -0.561). Variations in plasma IL-6 and α-Syn were negatively correlated (rho = -0.518) in the healthy participants. Baseline plasma IL1-ß negatively correlated with plasmatic α-Syn at 30 days in the HC (rho = -0.581). Conclusions: Salivary and plasma α-Syn bioavailability operate independently, and periodontal diagnosis was not a confounding factor. Salivary α-Syn levels were significantly affected by NSPT, contrary to plasma levels. These results should be confirmed in future larger and prospective studies.
RESUMO
Ozone is increasingly utilized in dental caries treatment due to its antibacterial properties. In a context of limited studies and no consensus on protocols, this research aims to assess ozone's antibacterial efficacy on cariogenic bacteria and its potential adverse impact on dentin bond strength. Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus casei, and Actinomyces naeslundii suspensions were exposed to 40 µg/mL of ozone gas and 60 µg/mL of ozonated water (80 s) via a medical ozone generator. Negative and positive control groups (chlorhexidine 2%) were included, and UFC/mL counts were recorded. To examine microtensile bond strength (µTBS), 20 human molars were divided into four groups, and class I cavities were created. After ozone application, samples were restored using an etch-and-rinse and resin composite, then sectioned for testing. The SPSS v. 28 program was used with a significance level of 5%. The µTBS results were evaluated using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, and Games-Howell. Bacterial counts reduced from 106 to 101, but dentin µTBS was significantly impacted by ozone (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Despite ozone's attractive antibacterial activity, this study emphasizes its detrimental effect on dentin adhesion, cautioning against its use before restorative treatments.
RESUMO
O Nebivolol (Neb) é um antagonista dos receptores ß1-Adrenérgicos (ß1-RA) de terceira geração que causa vasodilatação efeito mediado pelo óxido nítrico e redução do estresse oxidativo (EO) em modelos pré-clínicos e estudos clínicos de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Este estudo avaliou os níveis de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e atividade de sistemas antioxidantes enzimáticos e não-enzimáticos na saliva de pacientes hipertensos antes e após o tratamento com doses terapêuticas anti-hipertensivas de Neb. Vinte e quatro pacientes hipertensos foram tratados com 5 mg/dia de Neb por oito semanas consecutivas. Amostras de saliva não estimulada foram coletadas de pacientes com idade entre 25 a 70 anos para análise da capacidade antioxidante total (CAT), a qual foi medida pelo Método FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), a atividade enzimática da superóxido dismutase (SOD) e quantificação do ácido úrico (AU) antes (NT, grupo não tratado) e após tratamento (T, grupo tratado) com Neb. Adicionalmente, parâmetros clínicos, bioquímicos e eletrocardiográficos foram avaliados em ambos os grupos. Os grupos foram comparados pelo teste t de Student, pareado (p<0,05). Neb não alterou os valores de CAT (NT:1,697 ± 0,433 versus T: 1,674 ± 0,092 mmol/L, p=0,8454), ou a atividade da SOD (EA- NT: 66,56 ± 4,977 versus T: 60,66 ± 6,376 UE/mL, p=0,4886) na saliva. No entanto, o tratamento com Neb aumentou a concentração do AU em pacientes tratados (NT: 24,64 ± 1,686 versus T: 35,56 ± 2,014 mg/mL, p=0,0002). Os parâmetros clínicos, bioquímicos e eletrocardiográficos foram positivamente alterados com o tratamento com Neb. Nosso estudo demonstrou que o tratamento com Neb aumentou o AU na saliva de pacientes hipertensos em contexto de prática clínica real, aumentando a atividade do sistema antioxidante não-enzimático na saliva de pacientes que foram tratados com Neb. Nossos dados sugerem que o Neb pode estender seu potencial terapêutico, elevando a proteção cardiovascular contra o estresse oxidativo em adição ao seu efeito anti-hipertensivo(AU)
Nebivolol (Neb) is third-generation selective ß1-adrenergic receptor antagonist which causes vasodilation (by nitric oxide release) and has been shown to reduce oxidative stress (OS) in pre-clinical models and clinical studies. This study aimed to evaluate the OS levels and the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in saliva of patients with ESH before and after anti-hypertensive therapeutic doses of Neb. Twenty-four essential hypertensive patients were treated with 5 mg Neb once daily for a total of 8 weeks. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 25 to 70 years-old patients for evaluation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which were measured by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, as well as to assess the activity of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD) and non-enzymatic (uric acid, UA) antioxidant systems, respectively before (C, control group) and after treatment (T, treated group) with Neb. Additionally, clinical, biochemical and electrocardiographic parameters were evaluated in both groups. Data were analyzed by paired Student's t-test (p < 0.05). Neb did not alter TAC values (UT: 1,697 ± 0,433 versus T: 1,674 ± 0,092 mmol/L, p=0,8454), or SOD activity (EA-UT: 66,56 ± 4,977 versus T: 60,66 ± 6,376 UE/mL, p=0,4886) in saliva. However, Neb treatment increased salivary UA activity in treated patients (UT: 24,64 ± 1,686 versus T: 35,56 ± 2,014 mg/mL, p=0,0002). Clinical, electrocardiographic and biochemical parameters were positively changed with Neb treatment. Our study showed that Neb increased UA, an OS biomarker, in saliva of hypertensive patients in a context of real clinical practice. Therefore this compound could extend its therapeutic potential, providing cardiovascular protection in addition to its ß1-antagonist effect(AU)