[Shute´s parallel forceps]. / Shuteho paralelní forceps.

UNLABELLED: By invention of his forceps in 1950´s W. B. Shute introduces a new principle of parallelism, which is characterised by higher safety for the foetus. The main advantage is that the force acting on the head can be exactly controlled. Authors explain design and use of the instrument which is, by it´s indications and versatility, similar to Kjelland´s forceps. Literary review is cited and brief biografy of inventor is added. Where Shute´s instrument is available, priority shoud be given to it, as parallel forceps exceeds the Kjelland´s one by it´s safety for the foetus and moreover is easier to use and to learn too. KEYWORDS: parallel forceps, W. B Shute, obstetrical operations, obstetrical forceps.

[Lynestrenol and allylestrenol in the therapy of postmenopausal hot flushes]. / Lynestrenol a allylestrenol v lécbe postmenopauzálních návalu horka.

In a parallel randomized placebo controlled clinical trial the authors tested two synthetic gestagens--allylestrenol and lynestrenol--in the treatment of postmenopausal flushes. Both preparations were administered during a six-week period in rapidly declining doses. Allylestrenol was administered in initial doses of 30 mg/d, after five days the doses were reduced so that after 15 days a daily dose of 5 mg was reached. The initial dose of lynestrenol was 10 mg/d with a similar gradual decline to 1.25 mg per day. The trial comprised 42 women with menopausal flushes after a natural or artificial menopause (castration). Both preparations improved the subjective condition of the patients and reduced the gonadotropic production significantly better than placebo (p < 0.05). Subjective relief after lynestrenol was recorded after the second week of therapy, in allylestrenol only after the sixth week when the effects of the two preparations were equal and significantly better than after placebo. Suppression of gonadotropin production was similar after both preparation but with a more rapid onset after lynestrenol and a more prolonged effect after allylestrenol even after significant reduction of the doses. No serious undesirable effects were recorded, no changes in indicators of liver functions or serum lipids incl. the HDL/LDL ratio. Endometrial bleeding after administration of hormones was not more frequent than after placebo. In the discussion the authors analyze some aspect of treatment of the climacteric syndrome by means of these hormones. Allylestrenol in particular is an interesting gestagen due to its inherent oestrogenic effect in the absence of an androgenic effect.