Salivary exRNA biomarkers to detect gingivitis and monitor disease regression.

AIM: This study tests the hypothesis that salivary extracellular RNA (exRNA) biomarkers can be developed for gingivitis detection and monitoring disease regression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Salivary exRNA biomarker candidates were developed from a total of 100 gingivitis and non-gingivitis individuals using Affymetrix's expression microarrays. The top 10 differentially expressed exRNAs were tested in a clinical cohort to determine whether the discovered salivary exRNA markers for gingivitis were associated with clinical gingivitis and disease regression. For this purpose, unstimulated saliva was collected from 30 randomly selected gingivitis subjects, the gingival and plaque indexes scores were taken at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks and salivary exRNAs were assayed by means of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Eight salivary exRNA biomarkers developed for gingivitis were statistically significantly changed over time, consistent with disease regression. A panel of four salivary exRNAs [SPRR1A, lnc-TET3-2:1, FAM25A, CRCT1] can detect gingivitis with a clinical performance of 0.91 area under the curve, with 71% sensitivity and 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical values of the developed salivary exRNA biomarkers are associated with gingivitis regression. They offer strong potential to be advanced for definitive validation and clinical laboratory development test.

The Effect of Osteotomy Preparation Technique and Implant Diameter on Primary Stability and Bone-implant Interface of Short Implants (6 mm).

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of osteotomy preparation technique and implant diameter on primary stability and bone-implant interface of short implants (6mm), when placed in bone with high degree of cancellous content. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 90 short (S) implants (6 mm) divided in nine groups based on width (Narrow 4.2 mm, Regular 4.8 mm, Wide 5.4 mm) (N,R,W) and osteotomy preparation (Standard, Osteotome, Osseodensification) (ST, OT, OD) and placed in porcine tibia plateau bone samples: Group SN-ST; Group SN-OT; Group SN-OD; Group SRST; Group SR-OT; Group SR-OD; Group SW-ST; Group SW-OT and Group SW-OD. Insertion torque and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) were measured. Four implants from each group SNST, SN-OT, SN-OD were evaluated histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Insertion torque was significantly higher for implants of Group SW-OD compared to Group SW-ST (50.00 ±14.14 Ncm vs 28.00 ±10.85 Ncm, p= 0.005) and Group SW-OT compared to Group SW-ST (46.87 ±17.10 Ncm vs 28.00 ±10.85 Ncm, p=0.026). Insertion torque was significantly higher for implants of Group SW-OD compared to Group SN-OD (50.00 ±14.14 Ncm vs 31.5 ±15.82 Ncm, p=0.04). No significant differences were observed for the percentage of bone, marrow space and connective tissue in contact to the implant surface between studied groups. CONCLUSION: Osteotomy preparation technique at sites with high degree of cancellous content can influence the implant insertion torque for short and wide implants (5.4x6mm). Implant width can influence the insertion torque of short implants placed with the osseodensification technique.