AT1 receptor antagonism before ischemia prevents the transition of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.

Despite clinical recovery of patients from an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI), progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is possible on long-term follow-up. However, mechanisms of this are poorly understood. Here, we determine whether activation of angiotensin-II type 1 receptors during AKI triggers maladaptive mechanisms that lead to CKD. Nine months after AKI, male Wistar rats develop CKD characterized by renal dysfunction, proteinuria, renal hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Renal injury was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and activation of transforming growth factor ß; the latter mainly found in epithelial cells. Although administration of losartan prior to the initial ischemic insult did not prevent or reduce AKI severity, it effectively prevented eventual CKD. Three days after AKI, renal dysfunction, tubular structural injury, and elevation of urinary biomarkers were present. While the losartan group had similar early renal injury, renal perfusion was completely restored as early as day 3 postischemia. Further, there was increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression and an early activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α, a transcription factor that regulates expression of many genes that help reduce renal injury. Thus, AT1 receptor antagonism prior to ischemia prevented AKI to CKD transition by improving early renal blood flow recovery, lesser inflammation, and increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α activity.

Quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi Membrane Proteins in Human Serum: A New Concept for Detection of Bacterial Infection.

The Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne disease in the United States. The low abundance of bacterial proteins in human serum during infection imposes a challenge for early proteomic detection of Lyme disease. To address this challenge, we propose to detect membrane proteins released from bacteria due to disruption of their plasma membrane triggered by the innate immune system. These membrane proteins can be separated from the bulk of serum proteins by high-speed centrifugation causing substantial sample enrichment prior to targeted protein quantification using multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. This new approach was first applied to detection of B. burgdorferi membrane proteins supplemented in human serum. Our results indicated that detection of B. burgdorferi membrane proteins, which are ≈10(7) lower in abundance than major serum proteins, is feasible. Therefore, quantitative analysis was also carried out for serum samples from three patients with acute Lyme disease. We were able to demonstrate the detection of ospA, the major B. burgdorferi lipoprotein at the level of 4.0 fmol of ospA/mg of serum protein. The results confirm the concept and suggest that the proposed approach can be expanded to detect other bacterial infections in humans, particularly where existing diagnostics are unreliable.

Uso de la oxigenación hiperbárica en la fractura traumática expuesta: a propósito de un caso / Use of the hyperbaric oxygenation in the exposed traumatic fracture: apropos of a case

Mediante diversos experimentos se ha comprobado que la oxigenación hiperbárica favorece el proceso cicatrizal, evitando los retardos de consolidación y cicatrización. El objetivo fue describir la evolución de un paciente con fractura traumática expuesta, luego de la aplicación de oxigenación hiperbárica. Paciente masculino de 51 años de edad, que sufrió un accidente laboral ocasionándole fractura expuesta del tercio medio distal de cúbito y radio del antebrazo izquierdo, así como sección de músculos y vasos sanguíneos, provocándole una atrofia ósea aguda de Sudeck. Durante la evolución del paciente, después del tratamiento quirúrgico se le indicó oxigenación hiperbárica por un período de 5 meses en tres ciclos de 20 sesiones cada uno, durante el tercer ciclo se comenzó a aplicar fisioterapia y rehabilitación. Como resultado del tratamiento con oxigenación hiperbárica, fue efectivo en la disminución del tiempo de evolución de las lesiones traumáticas, lográndose mejorar la sintomatología y el estado funcional del miembro afectado en el paciente.

Through diverse experiments it has been proved that the hyperbaric oxygenation facilitates scarring process avoiding consolidation and healing delays. The objective was describing the evolution of a patient with exposed traumatic fracture after applying hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Male patient aged 51 years who suffered a work accident causing a middle distal third exposed fracture of the left forearm ulna and radius as well as muscles and blood vessels section, and provoking a sharp bone Sudeck atrophy. After the surgical treatment, during the patient`s evolution, hyperbaric oxygenation was indicated for a period of 5 months in three cycles of 20 sessions each; during the third cycle physical therapy and rehabilitation began to be applied. Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment was effective, shortening traumatic lesions evolution time and improving symptoms and the patient injured member functional status.

Uso de la oxigenación hiperbárica en la fractura traumática expuesta: a propósito de un caso / Use of the hyperbaric oxygenation in the exposed traumatic fracture: apropos of a case

Mediante diversos experimentos se ha comprobado que la oxigenación hiperbárica favorece el proceso cicatrizal, evitando los retardos de consolidación y cicatrización. El objetivo fue describir la evolución de un paciente con fractura traumática expuesta, luego de la aplicación de oxigenación hiperbárica. Paciente masculino de 51 años de edad, que sufrió un accidente laboral ocasionándole fractura expuesta del tercio medio distal de cúbito y radio del antebrazo izquierdo, así como sección de músculos y vasos sanguíneos, provocándole una atrofia ósea aguda de Sudeck. Durante la evolución del paciente, después del tratamiento quirúrgico se le indicó oxigenación hiperbárica por un período de 5 meses en tres ciclos de 20 sesiones cada uno, durante el tercer ciclo se comenzó a aplicar fisioterapia y rehabilitación. Como resultado del tratamiento con oxigenación hiperbárica, fue efectivo en la disminución del tiempo de evolución de las lesiones traumáticas, lográndose mejorar la sintomatología y el estado funcional del miembro afectado en el paciente(AU)

Through diverse experiments it has been proved that the hyperbaric oxygenation facilitates scarring process avoiding consolidation and healing delays. The objective was describing the evolution of a patient with exposed traumatic fracture after applying hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Male patient aged 51 years who suffered a work accident causing a middle distal third exposed fracture of the left forearm ulna and radius as well as muscles and blood vessels section, and provoking a sharp bone Sudeck atrophy. After the surgical treatment, during the patient`s evolution, hyperbaric oxygenation was indicated for a period of 5 months in three cycles of 20 sessions each; during the third cycle physical therapy and rehabilitation began to be applied. Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment was effective, shortening traumatic lesions evolution time and improving symptoms and the patient injured member functional status(AU)