Association between the Prime Diet Quality Score and depressive symptoms in a Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome. Cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up assessment from PREDIMED-PLUS study.

The burden of depression is increasing worldwide, specifically in older adults. Unhealthy dietary patterns may partly explain this phenomenon. In the Spanish PREDIMED-Plus study, we explored (1) the cross-sectional association between the adherence to the Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS), an a priori-defined high-quality food pattern, and the prevalence of depressive symptoms at baseline (cross-sectional analysis) and (2) the prospective association of baseline PDQS with changes in depressive symptomatology after 2 years of follow-up. After exclusions, we assessed 6612 participants in the cross-sectional analysis and 5523 participants in the prospective analysis. An energy-adjusted high-quality dietary score (PDQS) was assessed using a validated FFQ. The cross-sectional association between PDQS and the prevalence of depression or presence of depressive symptoms and the prospective changes in depressive symptoms were evaluated through multivariable regression models (logistic and linear models and mixed linear-effects models). PDQS was inversely associated with depressive status in the cross-sectional analysis. Participants in the highest quintile of PDQS (Q5) showed a significantly reduced odds of depression prevalence as compared to participants in the lowest quartile of PDQS (Q1) (OR (95 %) CI = 0·82 (0·68, 0·98))). The baseline prevalence of depression decreased across PDQS quintiles (Pfor trend = 0·015). A statistically significant association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms after 2-years follow-up was found (ß (95 %) CI = -0·67 z-score (-1·17, -0·18). A higher PDQS was cross-sectionally related to a lower depressive status. Nevertheless, the null finding in our prospective analysis raises the possibility of reverse causality. Further prospective investigation is required to ascertain the association between PDQS and changes in depressive symptoms along time.

Dietary Quality Changes According to the Preceding Maximum Weight: A Longitudinal Analysis in the PREDIMED-Plus Randomized Trial.

One-year dietary quality change according to the preceding maximum weight in a lifestyle intervention program (PREDIMED-Plus trial, 55-75-year-old overweight or obese adults; n = 5695) was assessed. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. A total of 3 groups were made according to the difference between baseline measured weight and lifetime maximum reported weight: (a) participants entering the study at their maximum weight, (b) moderate weight loss maintainers (WLM), and (c) large WLM. Data were analyzed by General Linear Model. All participants improved average lifestyle. Participants entering the study at their maximum weight were the most susceptible to improve significantly their dietary quality, assessed by adherence to Mediterranean diet, DII and both healthful and unhealthful provegetarian patterns. People at maximum weight are the most benefitted in the short term by a weight management program. Long term weight loss efforts may also reduce the effect of a weight management program.

Hipomagnesemia grave secundaria a inhibidores de la bomba de protones, dos casos clínicos / Severe hypomagnesaemia secondary to proton pump inhibitors: a presentation of two cases

Se describen dos casos clínicos de pacientes con hipomagnesemia grave secundaria a inhibidores de la bomba de protones. Los datos de laboratorio nos pueden ayudar a diferenciar entre la hipomagnesemia producida por pérdida intestinal de magnesio y la producida por pérdidas renales de magnesio. La hipomagnesemia asociada al uso prolongado de inhibidores de la bomba de protones es un efecto adverso que suele pasar inadvertido y que puede ocasionar manifestaciones clínicas graves, siendo conveniente realizar controles periódicos de magnesemia en pacientes que precisen de tratamiento prolongado con inhibidores de la bomba de protones, fundamentalmente en el uso concomitante de antiarrítmicos o diuréticos y en aquellos pacientes con hipocalcemia y/o hipopotasemia. La posibilidad de este y de otros efectos adversos es un motivo más para valorar periódicamente el tratamiento con inhibidores de la bomba de protones a largo plazo (AU)

Two clinical cases are presented on patients with severe hypomagnesaemia induced by proton pump inhibitors. Laboratory data can help us to differentiate between hypomagnesaemia caused by intestinal loss of magnesium and the one produced by renal magnesium losses. Hypomagnesaemia associated with a prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors is an inadvertent adverse effect that can lead to severe clinical manifestations, therefore it is advisable to perform periodic monitoring of magnesium in the blood of patients who require prolonged treatment with proton pump inhibitors, especially in the concomitant use of antiarrhythmic or diuretic drugs, and in those patients with hypocalcaemia and/or hypokalaemia. The possibility of this and other adverse effects is one more reason to periodically evaluate long-term proton pump inhibitors treatment (AU)