RESUMO
The synthesis, SAR, binding affinities and pharmacokinetic profiles are described for a series of cyclohexane-based prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors discovered by high throughput screening. Compounds show high levels of ex vivo target engagement in mouse plasma 20 h post oral dose.
Assuntos
Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Cicloexanos/química , Cicloexanos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Animais , Cicloexanos/farmacocinética , Descoberta de Drogas , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Novel prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors with nanomolar IC(50) values were prepared by replacing the previously described dichlorobenzimidazole-substituted pyrrolidine amides with a variety of substituted benzylamine amides. In contrast to prior series, the compounds demonstrated minimal inhibition shift in whole serum and minimal recognition by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporters. The compounds were also cell permeable and demonstrated in vivo brain exposure. The in vivo effect of compound (S)-6e on weight loss in an established diet-induced obesity (eDIO) mouse model was studied.
Assuntos
Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Amidas/química , Animais , Transporte Biológico , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Modelos Químicos , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Pirrolidinas/química , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Efforts to modify the central proline portion of lead compound 4 lead to the discovery of novel prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors. Especially, replacement with alanine afforded compound 19 displaying more potent human and mouse PrCP inhibitory activity than 4 and an overall comparable profile.
Assuntos
Alanina/química , Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Alanina/farmacologia , Animais , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of benzodihydroisofurans were discovered as novel, potent, bioavailable and brain-penetrant prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) is focused on improving PrCP activity and metabolic stability, and reducing plasma protein binding. In the established diet-induced obese (eDIO) mouse model, compound ent-3a displayed target engagement both in plasma and in brain. However, this compound failed to induce significant body weight loss in eDIO mice in a five-day study.
Assuntos
Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Furanos/química , Furanos/farmacologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Furanos/síntese química , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Obesos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A new structural class of potent prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors was discovered by high-throughput screening. The series possesses a tractable SAR profile with sub-nanomolar in vitro IC(50) values. Compared to prior inhibitors, the new series demonstrated minimal activity shifts in pure plasma and complete ex vivo plasma target engagement in mouse plasma at the 20 h post-dose time point (po). In addition, the in vivo level of CNS and non-CNS drug exposure was measured.
Assuntos
Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Animais , Butanóis/síntese química , Butanóis/química , Butanóis/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
A series of potent inhibitors of prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) was developed by modifying a lead structure that was discovered by high-throughput screening. The tert-butyl pyrrolidine was replaced by an aminocyclopentane to reduce the metabolic liabilities of the original lead. The compounds demonstrated sub-nanomolar in vitro IC(50) values, minimal activity shifts in pure plasma and improved pharmacokinetics. Complete ex vivo plasma target engagement was achieved with low brain exposure at the 20 h time point following p.o. dosing in a mouse. The results indicate that the aminocyclopentanes are useful tools for studying the therapeutic potential of peripheral (non-CNS) PrCP inhibition.
Assuntos
Aminas/farmacologia , Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ciclopentanos/farmacologia , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Aminas/síntese química , Aminas/química , Animais , Ciclização , Ciclopentanos/síntese química , Ciclopentanos/química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estrutura Molecular , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Efforts were dedicated to develop potent and brain penetrant prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors by replacing the amide group of original leads 1 and 2 with heterocycles. Aminopyrimidines including compound 32a were identified to display good PrCP inhibitory activity (32a, IC(50)=43 nM) and impressive ability to penetrate brain in mice (brain/plasma ratio: 1.4).
Assuntos
Aminas/síntese química , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Compostos Heterocíclicos/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Amidas/química , Aminas/química , Aminas/farmacologia , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A series of benzimidazole pyrrolidinyl amides containing a piperidinyl group were discovered as novel prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) inhibitors. Low-nanomolar IC(50)'s were achieved for several analogs, of which compound 9b displayed modest ex vivo target engagement in eDIO mouse plasma. Compound 9b was also studied in vivo for its effect on weight loss and food intake in an eDIO mouse model and the results will be discussed.
Assuntos
Amidas , Benzimidazóis , Carboxipeptidases/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos , Pirrolidinas , Amidas/química , Amidas/farmacologia , Animais , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PrCP) is a serine protease that may have a role in metabolism regulation. A class of reversible, potent, and selective PrCP inhibitors was developed starting from a mechanism based design for inhibiting this serine protease. Compound 8o inhibits human and mouse PrCP at IC(50) values of 1 and 2 nM and is not active (IC(50) > 25 µM) against a panel of closely related proteases. It has lower serum binding than its close analogues and is bioavailable in mouse. Subchronic dosing of 8o in PrCP(-/-) and WT mice at 100 mg/kg for 5 days resulted in a 5% reduction in body weight in WT mice and a 1% reduction in PrCP KO mice.