Comparative analysis of p16 expression among African American and European American prostate cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Expression of p16 is increased in a number of malignancies, including prostate cancer (PCa). Recent studies in a European cohort showed that expression of p16 is correlated with expression of the TMPRSS2/ERG (T/E) fusion protein. The T/E fusion is significantly less common in PCas in African American (AA) men. Thus, it would be predicted that p16 expression should be less common in PCas in AA men. We, therefore, sought to compare the expression of p16 in benign prostate and PCas from AA and European American (EA) men. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for p16 and ERG was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from radical prostatectomies performed on AA and EA veterans. Staining was scored and the scores compared with demographic, clinical and pathological parameters. Percent of West African ancestry in the AA cohort was assessed using ancestry informative markers. RESULTS: Contrary to our predictions, p16 expression was similar in the cancers in the AA and EA cohorts. Consistent with prior reports, expression of p16 was quite low in benign prostate tissues from EA patients but surprisingly was significantly higher in benign tissues from AA patients. Expression of p16 was significantly associated with a family history of PCa in AA men. In addition, p16 was associated with ERG expression in AA PCa. CONCLUSIONS: While overall expression of p16 is similar in PCas from the two racial groups, the expression of p16 in benign tissues from a subset of AA men and the stronger correlation with ERG expression implies that there are different mechanisms for p16 overexpression in PCas from the two racial groups.

Síndrome diarreico crónico debido a infección por hymenolepis diminuta: Reporte de un caso

La infección parasitaria del intestino delgado del hombre producida por cestodos conocidos como Hymenolepis diminuta o "tenia del ratón", es excepcional. Varios artrópodos coprozoicos sirven como huéspedes intermediarios. La ingestión de los hospederos intermediarios parasitados produce la infección en el hospedero definitivo y, accidentalmente, en el hombre, donde la infección es bien aceptada, sin un cuadro clínico específico, presentándose como diarrea, dolor abdominal difuso y otras manifestaciones inespecíficas. A nuestro centro fue llevado paciente masculino de 50 años de edad con Retardo mental, quien presentaba evacuaciones diarreicas múltiples con moco y sin sangre, anorexia, pérdida de peso y fiebre de un mes de evolución, por lo cual se ingresa. Durante su hospitalización, se realiza Videocolonoscopia evidenciándose abundantes helmintos en todo su trayecto. Se toman muestras para Biopsia, en las cuales se observan formas maduras e inmaduras de Hymenolepis diminuta. Posterior a tratamiento con Praziquantel, el paciente es dado de alta, por evolución satisfactoria.

The parasitic infection of the small bowel produced by cestodos acquaintances like diminuta Hymenolepis or "tape-worm of the mouse" is exceptional. Several coprozoic arthropods serve as intermediary guests. The ingestion of the intermediary parasitized inn-keepers produces the infection in the definitive inn-keeper and, accidental, in the man, where the infection is accepted well, without a clinical specific picture, appearing as diarrhea, abdominal diffuse pain and other unspecific manifestations. A 50-year-old masculine patient with mental delay was taken to our center, who presented multiple diarrheic evacuations with snot and without blood, anorexia, loss of weight and fever of a month of evolution, by which it is deposited. During his hospitalization, videocolonoscopy is realized progressing up to blind person, being found abundant helmintos in all its distance. Samples are taken for Biopsy, which demonstrate mature and immature forms of Hymenolepis Diminuta. Later to treatment with Praziquatel, the patient is discharged, for satisfactory evolution.

Estenosis rectal benigna como expresión de endometriosis: A propósito de un caso

La Endometriosis consiste en la aparición y crecimiento de tejido endometrial fuera del útero. La causa es desconocida, También sugiere que puede ser hereditaria. Otros investigadores han señalado la participación del sistema inmunológico, y endocrino. En nuestro caso se evalúa a paciente femenina de 40 años de edad, quien acude por presentar proctalgia, estreñimiento, dolor abdominal, y pérdida de peso, niega antecedentes patológicos, embarazos y/o abortos; al examen funcional dismenorrea, ciclos menstruales regulares; examen físico sin alteraciones, abdomen sin megalias, al tacto rectal impresiona estenosis en recto bajo, por lo que se realiza estudio endoscópico inferior, y se constata estenosis en recto alto, de bordes regulares, concéntrica, de aspecto benigno, de aproximadamente 1,5 cm de diámetro. Se practica ultrasonido abdominal, pélvico, transvaginal, y tomografía de abdomen y pelvis, cuyo reporte coincide en diagnóstico de aglomeración de asas intestinales entre útero y recto, en relación a probable plastrón. En relación a la estenosis se inicia esquema de dilataciones con balón hidroneumático, no presenta mejoría, decidiéndose resolución quirúrgica. La biopsia de la pieza anatómica reporta endometriosis.

Endometriosis consists on the appearance and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus such as, in the ovaries, uterine ligaments, urinary bladder or the intestine. Endometriosis cause is unknown, nevertheless there are theories affirming that during menstruation, part of endometrial tissue implants itself and grows inside of the cavity. It is also suggested that it can be hereditary. Other researchers have pointed out immunologic and endocrine system involvement. On this center´s gastroenterology appointment is studied a 40 year-old female patient, who assists for presenting proctalgia and prolonged constipation, a loss of weight is associated. Patient denies pathologic background, as well as pregnancies and/or abortions to the physical examination. Patient is on stable clinical conditions, abdomen without any masses. Stenosis on low rectum is evidenced on rectum touch, and a regular-concentric benign stenosis is confirmed, with approximately 1,5cm of diameter. A transvaginal-abdominal-pelvic ultrasound examination, as well as an axial-abdominal and pelvic tomography is realized. Afterwards, dilations`scheme with a pneumatic ball was realized, nevertheless patient did not get better, in which case a surgical resolution, which an anatomic piece reports endometriosis, was decided.