Inguinoscrotal bladder herniation: is CT a useful tool in diagnosis?

Urinary bladder herniation into the inguinal canal is a rare occurrence. The condition is often diagnosed during inguinal hernia surgery. We present a rare case of inguinoscrotal bladder herniation with its computed tomography findings.

Knee joint examinations by magnetic resonance imaging: The correlation of pathology, age, and sex.

AIMS: The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence and coexistence of multiple knee joint pathologies and the distribution of knee joint pathologies according to age and sex. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed using the clinical data of patients evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint. Data from 308 patients examined between August 2002 and July 2003 were included into this study. A Pearson correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the pathological findings and the age and sex of the patients. RESULTS: The ages of the patients ranged between 1 and 74 years (mean: 43.3 years). Age was significantly correlated with meniscal degeneration and tears, medial collateral ligament degeneration, parameniscal cyst, and chondromalacia patellae. There was a significant correlation between male gender and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Meniscal injury was significantly correlated with bursitis, as well as medial collateral ligament injury. Bone bruise was significantly correlated with medial collateral ligament injury, lateral collateral ligament injury, Baker's cyst, and anterior cruciate ligament injury. Chondromalacia patellae was significantly correlated with anterior cruciate ligament injury, patellae alta, and osteochondral lesion. Bursitis (in 53.2% of the patients) followed by grade-II meniscal degeneration (in 43% of the patients) were the most common knee pathologies observed by MRI. CONCLUSIONS: MRI findings of select knee pathologies are significantly correlated with each other and the age and sex of the patient.

Sonographic measurement of kidney size in geriatric patients.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the value of absolute and relative renal length (ARL and RRL, respectively) measurements in determining variations in normal kidney size related to sex, body height, and increasing age among patients older than 60 years. METHODS: Kidney sizes were prospectively measured sonographically in patients older than age 60 years. Longitudinal renal lengths (ARLs) were measured, and the RRLs were calculated by dividing the ARL by the body height. ARL and RRL measurements were analyzed according to sex, age, and body height. RESULTS: The ARLs and RRLs of the left kidney in 236 patients were significantly greater than those of the right kidney (p < 0.05) in both sexes. The ARLs for both kidneys were also significantly greater in men than they were in women (p < 0.05). In contrast, the RRLs for both kidneys were significantly lower in men than they were in women (p < 0.05). Both left and right ARLs decreased significantly with increasing age regardless of sex (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). The same was true for left and right RRLs (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Renal size decreases with increasing age among patients older than 60 years. In our series of geriatric patients, the use of RRLs could not completely eliminate variations related to a subject's height, sex, and age. Therefore, we recommend that the ARL be used for renal measurements in geriatric patients.