Exercise training improves overall physical fitness and quality of life in older women with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND: Older women with coronary artery disease (CAD) have reduced peak aerobic power (Vo(2)peak), muscle strength, and quality of life (QOL). Exercise interventions that can improve Vo(2)peak and muscle strength may also result in an improvement in QOL. This study compared the effect of aerobic training (AT) or combined aerobic and strength training (COMT) on Vo(2)peak, distance walked in 6 min, upper- and lower-extremity maximal strength, and QOL in 18 women (age range, 60 to 80 years) with documented CAD. METHODS: After baseline testing, subjects were randomly assigned to AT (treadmill and cycle exercise, n = 9) or COMT (treadmill and cycle exercise plus upper- and lower-extremity strength training, n = 9), and each group exercised 3 d/wk for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Both AT and COMT resulted in a similar increase in Vo(2)peak, distance walked in 6 min, lower-extremity strength, and emotional and global QOL. COMT improved upper-extremity strength, and physical and social QOL, which was unchanged after AT. CONCLUSIONS: Older women with CAD should perform aerobic and strength training to attain optimal improvements in overall physical fitness and QOL.

Effects of a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life and exercise tolerance in women: A retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are a lack of investigations that have examined the effect of participating in a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life and physiological measures in women of different ages. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of participating in a comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life, exercise tolerance, blood pressure and lipids in women between 33 and 82 years of age. METHODS: The 126 women participated in a 14-week cardiac rehabilitation program that consisted of 7 weeks of formal supervised exercise training and 7 weeks of unsupervised exercise and lifestyle modification. Physiologic and quality of life outcome measures obtained at the outset and after 14 weeks included: 1) exercise treadmill time; 2) resting and peak systolic and diastolic blood pressure; 3) total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and Triglycerides; 4) Cardiac Quality of Life Index questionnaire. RESULTS: Significant improvements were found in the following quality of life measures after participating in the cardiac rehabilitation program: physical well being, psychosocial, worry, nutrition and symptoms. No significant differences were seen for any QOL variable between the different age groups. Significant improvements were seen in exercise tolerance (+21%) and high density lipoprotein (+5%). CONCLUSION: Cardiac rehabilitation may play an important role in improving quality of life, exercise tolerance and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in younger and older women with underlying cardiovascular disease.

Self-efficacy and mood in cardiac rehabilitation: should gender be considered?

The authors proposed to (a) determine the influence of phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on task and barrier efficacy and mood in men and women, (b) determine the influence of task and barrier efficacy on postphase II CR exercise adherence, and (c) examine the bidirectional relationship between self-efficacy and mood. Fifty-seven men and 24 women completed task and barrier efficacy scales and the anxiety, depression, and vigor subscales 3 to 5 weeks before phase II CR, immediately before and after phase II CR, and 6 to 10 weeks after phase II CR. They found that the women had significantly larger increases in task and barrier efficacy from pre- to postphase II CR than the men did, whereas both men and women had a significant decline at follow-up. Men and women had a similar decrease in anxiety and an increase in vigor during phase II CR. However, vigor significantly declined at follow-up. All changes in mood were significantly related to changes in task and barrier efficacy.

Senescent terminal weight loss in the male F344 rat.

Loss of weight, often of unknown cause and culminating in death, commonly occurs in humans at advanced ages. Rats that live to old ages, such as the Fischer 344 (F344) strain, also exhibit a terminal loss in body weight. A presently held hypothesis is that the terminal weight loss in the F344 rat model is due to reduced food intake because of an alteration in hypothalamic function resulting in early satiation. We report findings on terminal weight loss and food intake in male F344 rats fed ad libitum (AL group) or a life-prolonging dietary regimen in which caloric intake was restricted (DR group). Rats in both dietary groups that did not exhibit a terminal weight loss died at younger ages than those exhibiting the loss. Terminal weight loss in the AL group was not associated with decreased food intake; indeed, half of the rats in this group had an increased food intake during the period of terminal weight loss. This finding is not in accord with the presently held hypothesis. In the DR group, terminal weight loss was associated with reduced food intake. Pathology (renal disease and neoplasms) did not explain the presence or absence of the association between reduced food intake and weight loss in either dietary group. The duration of the period of terminal weight loss was similar for the AL and DR groups. Apparently, restricting calories delays the occurrence but does not affect the duration of senescent terminal weight loss.

Is the theory of planned behavior a useful framework for understanding exercise adherence during phase II cardiac rehabilitation?

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework for understanding exercise adherence during phase II cardiac rehabilitation (CR). METHODS: A total of 215 patients completed a baseline questionnaire that included the TPB constructs and past exercise. Exercise adherence was measured via program attendance during phase II CR. RESULTS: Hierarchic regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) explained 30% of the variance in exercise intention, with attitude, subjective norm, and PBC each making significant unique contributions to intention. Furthermore, exercise intention explained 12% of the variance in exercise adherence. Finally, the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs provided novel information concerning why patients in phase II CR hold certain attitudes, subjective norms, PBC, and exercise intentions. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study provide evidence that the TPB is a useful framework for understanding exercise intentions and adherence during phase II CR.