Real-World Experience With Cemiplimab in Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common nonmelanoma skin cancer in Canada. However, few real-world reports exist on the treatment of refractory locally advanced (LA) and metastatic cSCC with cemiplimab to date. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic and clinical outcomes of advanced cSCC patients on cemiplimab in a real-world setting. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of adult patients with refractory LA and metastatic cSCC treated with cemiplimab at the London Regional Cancer Program in Canada. Patient demographics and treatment characteristics were reported, as well as Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Forty patients were included in this study. Sixteen (40%) had LA disease and 24 (60%) had metastatic disease. Median treatment duration was 3.5 months (range: 0.6-29.4 months). Kaplan-Meier analyses of the entire study population revealed that the median OS was not reached [NR; 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.1 months-NR], but median PFS was 11.5 months (95% CI 7.0 months-NR). A total of 25% of patients experienced at least one adverse event from cemiplimab. Reasons for treatment discontinuation were death from any cause (25%), disease progression (15%), cemiplimab adverse events (5%), and other causes (15%). DISCUSSION: The 12 month estimates of OS and PFS were lower than pivotal phase I and II clinical trials. However, toxicity was tolerable. Cemiplimab remains a safe and effective therapy in patients with refractory LA and metastatic cSCC disease.

Metabolomic identification of predictive and early biomarkers of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in adult head and neck cancer patients.

AIM: Cisplatin causes acute kidney injury (AKI) in approximately one third of patients. Serum creatinine and urinary output are poor markers of cisplatin-induced AKI. Metabolomics was utilized to identify predictive or early diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS: Thirty-one adult head and neck cancer patients receiving cisplatin (dose ≥70 mg/m2 ) were recruited for metabolomics analysis. Urine and serum samples were collected prior to cisplatin (pre), 24-48 h after cisplatin (24-48 h) and 5-14 days (post) after cisplatin. Based on serum creatinine concentrations measured at the post timepoint, 11/31 patients were classified with clinical AKI. Untargeted metabolomics was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). RESULTS: Metabolic discrimination was observed between "AKI" patients and "no AKI" patients at all timepoints. Urinary glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were significantly different between AKI patients and no AKI patients prior to cisplatin infusion. Urinary glycine and hippuric acid sulfate were lower (-2.22-fold and -8.85-fold), whereas 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate were higher (3.62-fold and 1.91-fold) in AKI patients relative to no AKI patients. Several urine and serum metabolites were found to be altered 24-48 h following cisplatin infusion, particularly metabolites involved with mitochondrial energetics. CONCLUSIONS: We propose glycine, hippuric acid sulfate, 3-hydroxydecanedioc acid and suberate as predictive biomarkers of predisposition to cisplatin-induced AKI. Metabolites indicative of mitochondrial dysfunction may serve as early markers of subclinical AKI.

Rapid Antigen Screening of Students and Staff for SARS-CoV-2 in Rural School Districts, Pierce County, WA, 2020.

During fall 2020 in rural Pierce County, Washington, school districts and the county health department offered weekly rapid antigen screening to students and staff. Asymptomatic screening identified 42.5% of confirmed cases from the population. Parents reported it was a positive experience for their children. The program supported decisions to return to in-person learning, but screening ended because of resource and technical limitations. When planning in-school screening, stakeholder engagement and resource sustainability are important factors to consider. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(8):1134-1137. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306875).

Clinical Factors and Outcomes When Real-World Heart Teams Overruled STS Risk Scores in TAVR Cases.

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine why heart teams recommended transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) versus surgical AVR (SAVR) for patients at low predicted risk of mortality (PROM) and describe outcomes of these cases. Background: Historically, referral to TAVR was based predominately on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) risk model's PROM >3%. In selected cases, heart teams had latitude to overrule these scores. The clinical reasons and outcomes for these cases are unclear. Methods: Retrospective data were gathered for all TAVR and SAVR cases conducted by 9 hospitals between 2013 and 2017. Results: Cases included TAVR patients with STS PROM >3% (n = 2,711) and ≤3% (n = 415) and SAVR with STS PROM ≤3% (n = 1,438). Leading reasons for recommending TAVR in the PROM ≤3% group were frailty (57%), hostile chest (22%), severe lung disease (16%), and morbid obesity (13%), and 44% of cases had multiple reasons. Most postoperative and 30-day outcomes were similar between TAVR groups, but the STS PROM ≤3% group had a one-day shorter length of stay (2.5 ± 3.4 vs. 3.5 ± 4.7 days; p ≤ 0.001) and higher one-year survival (91.6% vs. 86.0%, p=0.002). In patients with STS PROM ≤3%, 30-day mortality was higher for TAVR versus SAVR (2.0% vs. 0.6%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Heart teams recommended TAVR in patients with STS PROM ≤3% primarily due to frailty, hostile chest, severe lung disease, and/or morbid obesity. Similar postoperative outcomes between these patients and those with STS PROM >3% suggest that decisions to overrule STS PROM ≤3% were merited and may have reduced SAVR 30-day mortality rate.

Clinician responses to cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation: a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods research synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal cannabis use is increasing, and clinician counselling is an important aspect of reducing the potential harm of cannabis use during pregnancy and lactation. To understand current counselling practices, we conducted a systematic review and integrative mixed-methods synthesis to determine "how do perinatal clinicians respond to pregnant and lactating patients who use cannabis?" METHODS: We searched 6 databases up until 2021-05-31. Eligible studies described the attitudes, perceptions, or beliefs of perinatal clinician about cannabis use during pregnancy or lactation. Eligible clinicians were those whose practice particularly focusses on pregnant and postpartum patients. The search was not limited by study design, geography, or year. We used a convergent integrative analysis method to extract relevant findings for inductive analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included; describing perspectives of 1,366 clinicians in 4 countries. We found no unified approach to screening and counselling. Clinicians often cited insufficient evidence around the effects of perinatal cannabis use and lacked confidence in counselling about use. At times, this meant clinicians did not address cannabis use with patients. Most counselled for cessation and there was little recognition of the varied reasons that patients might use cannabis, and an over-reliance on counselling focussed on the legal implications of use. CONCLUSION: Current approaches to responding to cannabis use might result in inadequate counselling. Counselling may be improved through increased education and training, which would facilitate conversations to mitigate the potential harm of perinatal cannabis use while recognizing the benefits patients perceive.

Cannabis use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is common and understanding current physician counselling approaches is important to identify gaps and to make suggestions for practice. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to understand how physicians respond to pregnant or breastfeeding patients who use cannabis. We found 13 eligible articles in our review and our analysis showed that there was no common approach to screening and counselling patients. Physicians often described needing more training and education to support their confidence. Additionally, physicians often did not address the various medical reasons for which patients might use cannabis during pregnancy and breastfeeding. We suggest that counselling approaches may be improved through increased education and training. This could facilitate conversations to help mitigate the potential harm of cannabis use while recognizing the benefits patients perceive and thus establish strong patient­physician relationships.

Strategies to Mitigate Anxiety and Pain in Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Systematic Review.

One barrier to the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) as a contraceptive method is the experience of anxiety and pain during the insertion procedure. Previous reviews have focused on pharmacological methods used to relieve pain during IUD insertion; however, few similar reviews have examined non-pharmacological methods to relieve pain or strategies to reduce anxiety. The objectives of this study were to identify and categorize strategies for reducing anxiety and pain with respect to IUD insertion and the ways in which anxiety and pain were assessed. In particular, the study aimed to identify non-pharmacological interventions and studies that included anxiety as a research outcome. A literature search was conducted of all English-language studies between inception and the week of July 29, 2018 from the following online databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The search revealed 426 studies after removal of duplicates, 35 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 29 studies were identified as assessing pharmacological interventions for the management of pain, and six studies assessed non-pharmacological interventions. Only one study included a measurement of patient anxiety during the procedure as an outcome measure. Research on non-pharmacological interventions for the management of anxiety and pain during IUD insertion is lacking. This review found that evidence for the studied pharmacological interventions is conflicting, and there is very little evidence on understanding the effectiveness of strategies to manage anxiety during the IUD insertion procedure. Further high-quality research on non-pharmacological pain and anxiety management strategies is warranted.

Considering "Single Payer" Proposals in the U.S.: Lessons from Abroad.

Issue: When discussing universal health insurance coverage in the United States, policymakers often draw a contrast between the U.S. and high-income nations that have achieved universal coverage. Some will refer to these countries having "single payer" systems, often implying they are all alike. Yet such a label can be misleading, as considerable differences exist among universal health care systems. Goal: To compare universal coverage systems across three areas: distribution of responsibilities and resources between levels of government; breadth of benefits covered and extent of cost-sharing in public insurance; and role of private insurance. Methods: Data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Commonwealth Fund, and other sources are used to compare 12 high-income countries. Key Findings and Conclusion: Countries differ in the extent to which financial and regulatory control over the system rests with the national government or is devolved to regional or local government. They also differ in scope of benefits and degree of cost-sharing required at the point of service. Finally, while virtually all systems incorporate private insurance, its importance varies considerably from country to country. A more nuanced understanding of the variations in other countries' systems could provide U.S. policymakers with more options for moving forward.

Video Media in Clinic Waiting Areas Increases Interest in Most Effective Contraceptive Methods.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the utility of a patient-level information video as part of the contraception consultation visit. Specifically, to assess the impact of the video on women's contraception choice, and, further, to assess patient and provider acceptability of incorporating the video into the patient visit. METHODS: A pre-post study design was used to assess the impact on patients' contraceptive choices and knowledge. Participants (n = 49) answered questions regarding contraceptive preferences and knowledge of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), then watched a 12-minute patient-level counselling video that presented evidence-based information about contraception in descending order of effectiveness. Clinicians (n = 39) also viewed the video and completed a survey. A retrospective chart review of 100 contraception visits was completed. RESULTS: Patient preference for IUDs increased significantly, whereas condoms decreased pre-to-post video (hormonal: 8.2% to 20.4%; copper: 0% to 16%; condoms: 32.7% to 18%, P < 0.05). Although 74.4% of clinicians believed that the hormonal IUD was the "ideal" form of contraception when no contraindications were present, 95% stated that the oral contraceptive pill was most often prescribed, and a chart review revealed that the oral contraceptive pill was discussed at 88% of contraceptive counselling visits. Both patients and clinicians found the video useful and acceptable. CONCLUSION: A patient-level contraceptive information video improved interest in LARC. Both patients and clinicians viewed the video as an acceptable addition to the contraceptive counselling visit.

Adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel with "sandwich" method radiotherapy for stage III or IV endometrial cancer: long-term follow-up at a single-institution.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) associated with adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy interposed with radiation for advanced endometrial cancer. METHODS: This is a cohort study of adult women with stage III or IV endometrial cancer treated at a single institution, between April 2002 and October 2017. Tumor and treatment characteristics were recorded. Treatment consisted of 4 cycles of intravenous paclitaxel and carboplatin every 3 weeks, followed by external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis (45-50 Gy), and another 2 cycles of chemotherapy. One cohort of patients were prospectively enrolled from 2002 through 2006 and an additional cohort from 2007 to 2017, which was retrospectively analyzed. Primary endpoints for this study were DFS and OS rates which were calculated using Cox regression models. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients with a median age of 66.5 years (range, 35-83 years) were included. Median follow-up was 46 months (range, 9-196 months). Most patients had stage IIIC disease (62.2%) and serous carcinoma histology (46.3%). Median OS was 146 months and median DFS was 71 months. A 5-year OS and DFS were 64.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Age >60 years subgroup was at a significantly higher risk of DFS event or death. Histological subtype, location of positive nodes, and cancer stage (IIIa vs. higher stage) did not correlate to a higher risk of recurrence or death. CONCLUSION: Long term follow-up and a larger population confirm that the chemoradiotherapy sandwich method yields favorable outcomes in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer.

Assessment of urine colour using a wallet card: a randomised study of a novel patient self-care tool during chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer often experience dehydration from decreased fluid intake and increased losses. Despite frequent clinical visits during treatment, patients can still present with dehydration, suggesting the need for increased patient awareness and engagement around adverse event management at home. Evidence for benefits of self-monitoring may help motivate patients to engage proactively in their own care to improve their treatment experience. METHODS: We performed a randomised single-centre study of a urine colour self-monitoring card (UCC) during chemoradiation therapy for oesophageal cancer, compared with standard dietitian counselling. Primary outcome was self-efficacy as determined by the Self-Management Resource Centre Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease Scale (SMCD). Secondary outcomes included Burge thirst scores, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System scores (ESAS), patient-initiated hydrations, creatinine rise and satisfaction with the UCC. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were randomised. UCC use was not associated with improved SMCD or ESAS scores compared with standard counselling. The card was highly rated by patients as a welcome tool for self-monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: No beneficial effect on self-efficacy or dehydration markers with UCC use was demonstrated. The study nonetheless drew attention to several factors potentially hindering its use for effective self-care: the unexpected severity of other symptoms consuming patients' attention, reduced sensitivity of urine colour due to chemotherapy, absence of active inquiry by the healthcare team and the inconvenient location of the UCC in wallet/purse. Urine colour monitoring in patients with oesophageal cancer to improve the patient experience during treatment warrants further study but supported by active healthcare provider inquiry, more accessible format of the card, and possibly home vital checks to increase its sensitivity in the clinical context.

Personalized Treatment of Recurrent, Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Guided by Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.

Recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (RMHNSCC) is associated with a poor prognosis and short survival duration. There is an urgent need to identify personalized predictors of drug response to guide the selection of the most effective therapy for each individual recurrence. We tested the feasibility of patient-derived xenografts (PDX) for guiding their RMHNSCC salvage treatment. Fresh tumor samples from eligible, consented patients were implanted into mice. Established tumors were expanded in mouse PDX cohorts to identify responses to candidate salvage drug treatments in parallel testing. Patients alive and suitable for chemotherapy were treated based on responses determined by PDX testing. Nine patient tumors were successfully engrafted in mice with an average time of 89.2±41.7 days. Four patients' PDX models underwent parallel drug testing. Two patients received PDX-guided therapy. In one of these patients, single agents of cetuximab and paclitaxel demonstrated the best responses in the PDX model, and this patient exhibited sequential partial responses to each drug, including a 17-month clinical response to cetuximab. The main limitation of PDX testing for RMHNSCC was the time delay in obtaining testing results. Despite this, parallel PDX testing may be feasible for a subset of patients and appears to correlate with clinical benefit.

Detection of Circulating Tumor DNA After Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Patients With Unbiopsied Lung Tumors (SABR-DETECT).

For patients with stage I/IIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the standard treatment. However, some of these patients are not candidates for surgery or refuse a surgical option. Definitive stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a standard approach in these patients. Approximately 15% of patients undergoing SABR for localized NSCLC will experience a recurrence within 2 years. Furthermore, many of these patients are deemed appropriate for SABR without a tissue diagnosis, based on the likelihood of malignancy which can be calculated by validated models. A liquid biopsy, detecting ctDNA, would be useful in early detection of recurrences, and documenting a cancer diagnosis in patients without a biopsy. This is a multi-institutional study enrolling patients with suspected stage I/IIA NSCLC and a pretreatment likelihood of malignancy of ≥60% using the validated models for patients without a tissue diagnosis, in cohort 1 (n = 45). The second cohort will consist of biopsied patients (n = 30-60). SABR will be delivered as per risk-adapted protocol. Plasma will be collected for ctDNA analysis prior to the first fraction of SABR, 24 to 72 hours after first fraction, and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-months. The patients will be followed up with imaging at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-months. The primary objective is to assess whether a cancer detection liquid biopsy platform can predict recurrence of NSCLC. The secondary objectives are to assess the impact of SABR on detection rates of ctDNA in patients undergoing SABR and to correlate ctDNA positivity and pretreatment probability of malignancy (NCT05921474).

Outcomes of open versus robotic partial nephrectomy: a 20-year single institution experience.

Robotic assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) has emerged in urologic practice for the management of appropriately sized renal masses. We provide a 20-year comparison of the outcomes of open partial nephrectomy (OPN) versus RPN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) at our institution. An IRB-approved retrospective review was conducted of RCC patients at a single institution from 2000 to 2022 who underwent RPN or OPN. In addition to demographics, procedural details including ischemia and operative time were collected. Oncologic outcomes were evaluated through Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis to determine recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) analysis. 849 patients underwent RPN while 385 underwent OPN. 61% were male with average age of 58.8 ± 12.8 years. Operative time was shorter in the open group (184 vs 200 min, p = 0.002), as was ischemia time (16 vs 19 min, p = 0.047). However, after 2012, RPN became more common than OPN with improving ischemia time. RPN patients had significantly improved RFS (HR 0.45, p = 0.0004) and OS (HR 0.51, p = 0.0016) when controlled for T-stage and margin status. More > pT1 masses were managed with OPN than RPN (11.2 vs 5.4%, p < 0.0001). At our institution, RPN had an increasing incidence with reduced ischemia time compared to OPN over the last 10 years. While higher stage renal masses were more often managed with OPN, selective use of RPN does offer improved oncologic outcomes. Further investigation is needed to evaluate optimization of the selection of RPN versus OPN in the nephron-sparing management of renal masses.

Treatment patterns and outcomes in KRASG12C-positive advanced NSCLC patients previously treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A Canada-wide real-world, multi-center, retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: KRAS mutations, particularly KRASG12C, are prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been a frontline treatment, but recently developed KRASG12C-selective inhibitors, such as sotorasib, present new therapeutic options. We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study to gain insights into real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with KRASG12C-positive advanced NSCLC receiving systemic therapy post-ICI treatment. METHODS: From the CAnadian CAncers With Rare Molecular Alterations-Basket Real-world Observational Study (CARMA-BROS), a cohort of 102 patients with KRASG12C-positive advanced NSCLC across 9 Canadian centers diagnosed between 2015 and 2021 was analyzed. Clinico-demographic and treatment data were obtained from electronic health records. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The patients (median age 66 years; 58 % female; 99 % current/former tobacco exposure; 59 % PD-L1 ≥ 50 %), exhibited heterogeneous treatment patterns post-ICI. Most patients received ICIs as a first-line therapy, with varying subsequent lines including chemotherapy and targeted therapy. In patients receiving systemic therapy post-ICI, median overall survival was 12.6 months, and real-world progression-free survival was 4.7 months. KRASG12C-selective targeted therapy post-ICI (n = 20) showed longer real-world progression-free survival compared to single-agent chemotherapy (aHR = 0.39, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION: This study contributes valuable real-world data on KRASG12C-positive advanced NSCLC post-ICI treatment. The absence of a standard treatment sequencing post-ICI underscores the need for further investigation and consensus-building in the evolving landscape of KRASG12C-targeted therapies.

Primary Prophylaxis Lapelga® in Early Breast Cancer: A Real-World Experience.

BACKGROUND: Lapelga® was approved by Health Canada as a pegfilgrastim biosimilar in 2019 and remains the most commonly used biosimilar in Ontario and is fully reimbursed under the Ontario Drug Benefit program in this category. We explored the efficacy and tolerability of Lapelga® in a retrospective analysis of patients with early breast cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy supported with Lapelga® as a primary prophylaxis. METHODS: Adult patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy at the London Regional Cancer Program in London, ON, Canada between May 2019 and June 2022 were included. All of these patients were supported with Lapelga® as the primary prophylaxis. Patients' age, tumour, and nodal status, their type of chemotherapy, co-morbid conditions, and incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and its related details as well as any reported side effects to Lapelga® were collected. RESULTS: A total of 201 patients were included in this review with majority (78%) of patients under 65 years of age. One third of patients were treated with the adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC)-Paclitaxel dose dense chemotherapy and a quarter of patients with either a docetaxel and cyclophosphamide (TC) combination or an AC-dose dense with Paclitaxel weekly, and 10% or less patients had FEC-D (5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide) and AC chemotherapy. FN incidence was only 3.48% in this review (7/201 patients). Patients with FN were admitted to hospital and recovered completely with no mortality reported. No cases of a switch to a different granulocyte colony growth factor were seen. The most frequent side effects from Lapelga® included musculoskeletal pain, fever, and headache. However, the majority of patients (88.6%; 178/201) did not have any reported side effects specifically assigned to Lapelga®. CONCLUSIONS: In this single centre retrospective study, early breast cancer patients (n = 201) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy supported with primary prophylaxis with Lapelga® had a low incidence of FN (3.48%). This supports Lapelga® being an effective strategy as the primary prophylaxis when used with common chemotherapy regimens in the real-world setting.

Evaluation of Renal Function Recovery After Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) has become a new surgical gold standard treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is known that untreated BPH can lead to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). A positive correlation exists between BOO and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but stability or recovery of renal function after HoLEP remains unknown. We sought to describe changes in renal function after HoLEP in men with CKD. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of patients who underwent HoLEP with glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) <60, CKD stages III to V. Pre- and postoperative GFRs were selected within 3 months before the operation and within 1 year postoperatively. The presence of an indwelling catheter, preoperative hydronephrosis, history of kidney stones, and prostate size were also reviewed. Data were analyzed in accordance with preoperative CKD stage. Results: Of the reviewed patients, 138 met inclusion criteria with CKD stages III to V. Each CKD group was without significant postoperative complications. There was a significant increase between pre- and postoperative GFR for patients in CKD stages III (n = 116) and IV (n = 17) (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.010, respectively). The mean increase between pre- and postoperative GFR for the CKD stages III and IV patients were 6.4 and 6.49, respectively. There was no correlation between presence of preoperative hydronephrosis, history of kidney stones, catheter dependency, nor prostate size on change in postoperative GFR (p > 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients in CKD stages III or IV undergoing HoLEP experience an increase in GFR. It is noteworthy that there appears to be no decline in renal function postoperatively in any group. HoLEP represents an excellent surgical option for patients with preoperative CKD and may prevent further renal decline.

A Multi-Centre Randomized Study Comparing Two Standard of Care Chemotherapy Regimens for Lower-Risk HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Neither paclitaxel plus trastuzumab (P-H) nor docetaxel-cyclophosphamide plus trastuzumab (TC-H) have been prospectively compared in HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer (EBC). A randomized trial was performed to assess the feasibility of a larger study. METHODS: Lower-risk HER2-positive EBC patients were randomized to either P-H or TC-H treatment arms. The co-primary feasibility outcomes were: ≥75% patient acceptability rate, active trial participation of ≥50% of medical oncologists, ≥75% and ≥90% treatment completion, and receipt rate of planned cycles of chemotherapy, respectively. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Febrile neutropenia (FN) rate, treatment-related hospitalizations, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) questionnaires. Analyses were performed by per protocol and intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Between May 2019 and March 2021, 49 of 52 patients agreed to study participation (94% acceptability rate). Fifteen (65%) of 23 medical oncologists approached patients. Rates of FN were higher (8.3% vs. 0%) in the TC-H vs. P-H arm. Median (IQR) changes in scores from baseline in FACT-Taxane Trial Outcome Index at 24 weeks were -4 (-10, -1) vs. -6.5 (-15, -2) for TC-H and P-H arms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A randomized trial comparing P-H and TC-H was feasible. Expansion to a larger trial would be feasible to explore patient-reported outcomes of these adjuvant HER2 chemotherapy regimens.

An Electronic Information Kiosk for Enhancing Patient Accrual for Cancer Clinical Trials: A Pilot and Feasibility Study.

Introduction Low accrual to clinical trials for solid tumors at our institution led to a review of possible modifiable factors within our control. This led to a pilot project to determine whether improved patient awareness could alter accrual rates to active trials. Methods An information kiosk was located at the patient library on the ground floor of the London Regional Cancer Program. Adult cancer patients were invited to learn more about clinical trials from our research navigator, including specific trials open in our center, and to participate in the study, which involved a brief satisfaction and demographics survey. Results Three hundred and eighty-six (386) patients interacted with the clinical trial information kiosk over the eight weeks it was open. Of these, 32 patients consented and filled out surveys, which indicated an overall positive interaction with the kiosk. Unfortunately, in the time period examined, clinical trial accrual rates appeared to decrease when the pre- and post-kiosk activation periods were compared (44 versus 37 patients accrued to various trials). Conclusion Our pilot study found that the implementation of a clinical trial information kiosk was easy to understand and useful for patients to learn more about clinical trials. Barriers to this patient satisfaction translating into increased accrual rates in our center included suboptimal kiosk location and lack of guidance to the kiosk from clerical staff. High patient satisfaction scores support the potential value of permanent clinical trial information kiosks in our cancer center, but this requires increased attention to visibility, location, and staff education.

Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed-Methods Research Synthesis.

INTRODUCTION: Rates of perinatal cannabis use are rising, despite clinical evidence about the potential for harm. Accordingly, pregnant and lactating people who perceive a benefit from cannabis use may have a difficult time making informed decisions about cannabis use. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of mixed-methods research to synthesize existing knowledge on the perspectives of pregnant people and their partners about cannabis use in pregnancy. Six health and social science databases were searched up until May 30, 2021. There were no methodological, time, or geographic limits applied. We employed a convergent integrative approach to the inductive analysis of findings from all studies. RESULTS: We identified 26 studies describing views of 17,781 pregnant and postpartum people about cannabis use in pregnancy. No studies describing the views of partners were identified, and only one study specifically addressed the perspectives of lactating people. Comparative analysis revealed that whether cannabis was studied alone or grouped with other substances resulted in significant diversity in descriptions of participant decision-making priorities and perceptions of risks and benefits. Studies of cannabis alone demonstrated a complex decision-making process whereby perceived benefits are balanced against the available information about risk, which is often unclear and uncertain. Clear and helpful information was difficult to identify, and health care providers were not described as a helpful and trusted resource for decision-making. DISCUSSION: Decision-making about cannabis use is difficult for pregnant and lactating people who perceive a benefit from this use, although this decisional difficulty is seldom reflected in studies that examine cannabis as one of multiple substances that pregnant or lactating people may use. Our review suggests several approaches clinicians may take to encourage open and supportive conversations to facilitate informed decisions about cannabis use during the perinatal period.