[Organizational-epidemiological aspects of prophylaxis of community-acquired pneumonias in Moscow military district].

The article presents broad information, which is the result of longstanding observation (2002-2006) There are also presented adequate financial data. The article unfolds peculiarities of multiyear and annual dynamics of morbidity rate by out-hospital pneumonias in Moscow military circuit, educes and proves the basic risk factors of disease, shows its value. The accent is made on military and study units. Recommendations on lowering morbidity rate by out-hospital pneumonias, existing in the article, are based on the own experience of the authors, their effectiveness is proved by real positive results.

[Immunoprophylaxis of poliomyelitis in Ukraine with the use of inactivated vaccine].

In connection with the cessation of the circulation of "wild" poliovirus on the territory of the European region, including Ukraine, the strategy of the vaccinal prophylaxis of poliomyelitis is reviewed. Its main aims are the creation of a high level of the specific protection of the population, the prophylaxis of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and a decrease in the intensity of the circulation vaccine polioviruses. These aims may be achieved only by the inclusion of vaccinations with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) into the immunization schedule. IPV "Imovax Polio" produced by the firm "Aventis Pasteur" (France) has been shown to have low reactogenicity and high effectiveness, especially with respect to type 3 poliovirus, under the conditions of Ukraine. On the basis of our studies all children, starting from the age of 3 months, are recommended to be vaccinated first with two injections of IPV, followed by further immunization with oral vaccine.

[Detection of poliomyelitis viral strains in natural isolates and identification of them by polymerase chain reaction]. / Obnaruzhenie shtammov virusa poliomielita v prirodnykh izoliatakh i ikh identifikatsiia s pomoshch'iu polimeraznoi tsepnoi reaktsii.

One hundred and fifty nucleotide-long VP1/2A junction regions were sequenced in the RNAs of 19 strains isolated in 1990-1991 from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis in different regions of the former USSR. On the basis of the alignments of these sequenced RNAs, four pairs of 19-25 base-long oligodeoxynucleotide PCR primers were designed capable of detecting polio RNAs in isolated strains and of discriminating between polio genotypes. PCR with 520 polio virus strains isolated from patients, normal subjects, and environmental objects showed 428 of these strains to be related to Sabin's vaccine strains, whereas the rest were referred to A (30), T (24), and G (1) genotypes of serotype 1 and to C-genotype (37) of serotype 3. The designed primers were highly specific and did not cross-react between themselves and with primers specific for Sabin's vaccine strains in PCR.

[Enterovirus pollution of seawater in a health resort area]. / Zagriaznenie énterovirsuami morskoi vody v kurortnoi zone.

Virological examinations of sea water specimens from the littoral zone were carried out for 5 years. The specimens studied had been collected in the areas of municipal and therapeutic beaches, port, and rivers falling into the sea. Examinations of 603 specimens demonstrated enterovirus strains in 166 (27.5%) and untypable agents in 6.4% of the specimens. Enteroviruses were most frequently isolated from unpurified sewage discharged into the sea (59.4% of the specimens). The serological spectrum of the isolates was variable, yielding 28 virus serotypes. Introduction of the deepwater discharge of sewage resulted in a decrease of contamination with enteric microflora by 95%, enterophages by 73.7%, enteroviruses by 41.3%.

[Human infectivity with enterobacteria and enteroviruses while swimming depending on the level of microbial water pollution]. / Infitsirovannost' cheloveka énterobakteriiami i énterovirusami pri kupanii v zavisimosti ot urovnia mikrobnogo zagriazneniia vody.

The microbiological study of the microflora of the intestinal contents taken from children and water used for bathing has revealed the dependence of the risk of infection of humans with the causative agents of acute intestinal diseases on the level of the microbial contamination of water.

[Interrelation of morbidity with acute intestinal infections and the biological pollution of water reservoirs]. / Vzaimosviaz' zabolevaemosti ostrymi kishechnymi infektsiiami i biologicheskogo zagriazneniia vodoemov.

The simultaneous study of fecal samples from persons bathing and not bathing in the sea, as well as samples of sea water, was carried out in recreational zones. The presence of enterobacterial contamination was more frequently detected in persons who bathed in the sea than in those who did not bath (13.5% and 0.9% respectively).

[The epidemiological surveillance of poliomyelitis in the Ukraine]. / Epidemiologicheskii nadzor za poliomielitom na Ukraine.

Correlation has been revealed between the circulation of polioviruses among the population and environmental objects. A rise in the circulation of polioviruses, type I, was caused by a decrease in collective immunity to this virus type. Water supply and sewage system purification was found ineffective with respect to enteroviral contamination. Vaccinal prophylaxis, carried out for many years, did not lead to the elimination of poliovirus strains, genetically different from vaccine ones.

[Escherichiosis in adults and the carriage of pathogenic Escherichia in some regions of Ukraine]. / Esherikhiozy u vzroslykh i nositel'stvo patogennykh ésherikhii v nekotorykh regionakh Ukrainy.

The role is shown of pathogenic Escherichieae (PE) in the development of escherichiosis in two regions with socioeconomic differences. The epidemiological picture of these infections depending on the age of the examined is analyzed. The seasonal character of circulation of pathogenic Escherichieae serogroups was found to play a major role in the etiology of escherichiosis in adults. The biological properties of the isolated strains were studied.

[The characteristics of poliovirus strains circulating in Ukraine in 1982-1994]. / Kharakteristika shtammov poliovirusov, tsirkulirovavshikh v 1982--1994 gg.

The intratype characteristics of 219 strains of polioviruses isolated in Ukraine in 1982-1994 from infectious patients including those with poliomyelitis, healthy persons and from the environment objects (sewage, water of open reservoirs, drinking water, food products) are presented. It was shown that 38.35% of strains isolated from people and 15.12%--from abiotic objects possessed virulent properties, i.e., the long-term use of the live poliomyelitis vaccine has not stopped circulation of virulent polioviruses.

[The use of immunomodulators to enhance postvaccinal immunity to experimental poliomyelitis]. / Ispol'zovanie immunomoduliatorov s tsel'iu povysheniia postvaktsinal'nogo immuniteta k poliomielitu v éksperimente.

A possibility to use immunostimulator dibasole and methyluracil to increase [correction of decrease] the level of neutralising antibodies to polioviruses [correction of polyviruses] of types I, II, III in response to immunization by the alive poliomyelitis vaccine was studied in experiments on rabbits. The higher level of immune response when using the mentioned drugs, especially methyluracil, has been established; repeated immunization is needed to develop antibodies to poliovirus [correction of polyavirus] of type III.

[The collective immunity of the population of the city of Kyïv and Kyïv Province to poliomyelitis]. / Izuchenie kollektivnogo immuniteta naseleniia g. Kieva i Kievskoi oblasti k poliomielitu.

The state of collective immunity to poliomyelitis has been studied for the population of the city of Kyïv and Kyïv Province. Insufficient safeguard of the examined quota from this infection has been shown. Special anxiety is caused by low indices of immunity to type III poliovirus. The expediency of revaccination of adult population is indicated.

[Occurrence in the environment and among the population of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic Escherichia]. / Rasprostranenie v ukruzhaiushchei srede i sredi liudei antibiotikorezistenthykh shtammov patogennykh ésherikhii.

When studying antibioticograms of 1303 strains of pathogenic Escherichia, the correlation of their resistance with the character and source of emanation, exciters' serogroups and antibiotics has been established. The strains isolated from the environment, primarily from food-staffs, wash-out, and wastewater have higher antibiotic resistance. No significant differences are noted in the number of resistance markers as to the source of pathogenic Escherichia. The following antibiotic range is established: streptomycin-chloramphenicol (chloromycetin)--neomycin sulfate-tetracyline-kanamycin-polymyxin-gentamycin, thus the least number of strains in characterized by gentamycin resistance.