Sex-related glycemic changes after intensity- and duration- matched aerobic and strength exercise sessions in type 1 diabetes: A randomized cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate sex-related glycemic, cardiovascular, and enjoyment responses after intensity-(moderate) and duration-(30 min) matched aerobic (AE) and strength exercises sessions (SE) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. METHODS: Twelve volunteers performed randomly three exercise sessions: AE, strength exercises A (SEA) and B (SEB). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, double product (DP) and capillary blood glucose (BG) levels were measured pre (PRE), immediately (POST-0) and 20 min (POST-20) after each exercise session. Rating of perceived exertion and enjoyment level were also measured. A generalized mixed model was used to verify responses over time (p < 0.05). Effect size (ES) was also calculated. RESULTS: Men shown reduced BG levels (POST-0 and POST-20), besides presenting lower values than women in both time points after AE. BG was found reduced POST-0 (SEA and SEB) and POST-20 (SEA) in men, and POST-0 and POST-20 min (SEA) in women compared to PRE (ES was moderate, large or very large), without causing hypoglycemic episodes. However, no differences between sexes were seen concerning strength sessions. Cardiovascular parameters and enjoyment levels were similar between exercise sessions. CONCLUSIONS: When aerobic and strength exercise sessions are intensity- and duration-matched, lower glucose levels are seen in men after AE, but similar values are found regarding SE. These findings suggest that sex-specific recommendations may be considered when prescribing exercise for T1DM patients.

Effect of exercise intensity on postprandial lipemia, markers of oxidative stress, and endothelial function after a high-fat meal.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different exercise intensities on postprandial lipemia, oxidative stress markers, and endothelial function after a high-fat meal (HFM). Eleven young men completed 2-day trials in 3 conditions: rest, moderate-intensity exercise (MI-Exercise) and heavy-intensity exercise (HI-Exercise). Subjects performed an exercise bout or no exercise (Rest) on the evening of day 1. On the morning of day 2, an HFM was provided. Blood was sampled at fasting (0 h) and every hour from 1 to 5 h during the postprandial period for triacylglycerol (TAG), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentrations. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was also analyzed. TAG concentrations were reduced in exercise conditions compared with Rest during the postprandial period (P < 0.004). TAG incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was smaller after HI-Exercise compared with Rest (P = 0.012). TBARS concentrations were reduced in MI-Exercise compared with Rest (P < 0.041). FMD was higher in exercise conditions than Rest at 0 h (P < 0.02) and NOx concentrations were enhanced in MI-Exercise compared with Rest at 0 h (P < 0.01). These results suggest that acute exercise can reduce lipemia after an HFM. However, HI-Exercise showed to be more effective in reducing iAUC TAG, which might suggest higher protection against postprandial TAG enhancement. Conversely, MI-Exercise can be beneficial to attenuate the susceptibility of oxidative damage induced by an HFM and to increase endothelial function in the fasted state compared with Rest.