RESUMO
A novel series of arylindenopyrimidines were identified as A(2A) and A(1) receptor antagonists. The series was optimized for in vitro activity by substituting the 8- and 9-positions with methylene amine substituents. The compounds show excellent activity in mouse models of Parkinson's disease when dosed orally.
Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina , Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Aminas/química , Neurotransmissores/química , Pirimidinas/química , Aminas/síntese química , Aminas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Catalepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Neurotransmissores/síntese química , Neurotransmissores/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Receptor A1 de Adenosina/metabolismo , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Two reactive metabolites were identified in vivo for the dual A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist 1. Two strategies were implemented to successfully mitigate the metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Optimization of the arylindenopyrimidines led to a number of amide, ether, and amino analogs having comparable in vitro and in vivo activity.
Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina , Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina , Neurotransmissores/química , Pirimidinas/química , Animais , Catalepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Camundongos , Neurotransmissores/síntese química , Neurotransmissores/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Receptor A1 de Adenosina/metabolismo , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The design and characterization of two, dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Compound 1 was previously reported as a potential treatment for Parkinson's disease. Further characterization of 1 revealed that it was metabolized to reactive intermediates that caused the genotoxicity of 1 in the Ames and mouse lymphoma L51784 assays. The identification of the metabolites enabled the preparation of two optimized compounds 13 and 14 that were devoid of the metabolic liabilities associated with 1. Compounds 13 and 14 are potent dual A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonists that have excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse and rat models of reserpine-induced akinesia, and the rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation.
Assuntos
Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina/síntese química , Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina/síntese química , Indenos/síntese química , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/tratamento farmacológico , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Receptor A2A de Adenosina/metabolismo , Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina/farmacocinética , Antagonistas do Receptor A1 de Adenosina/farmacologia , Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina/farmacocinética , Antagonistas do Receptor A2 de Adenosina/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Desenho de Fármacos , Feminino , Indenos/farmacocinética , Indenos/farmacologia , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Transtornos Parkinsonianos/induzido quimicamente , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The in vivo characterization of a dual adenosine A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in several animal models of Parkinson's disease is described. Discovery and scale-up syntheses of compound 1 are described in detail, highlighting optimization steps that increased the overall yield of 1 from 10.0% to 30.5%. Compound 1 is a potent A(2A)/A(1) receptor antagonist in vitro (A(2A) K(i) = 4.1 nM; A(1) K(i) = 17.0 nM) that has excellent activity, after oral administration, across a number of animal models of Parkinson's disease including mouse and rat models of haloperidol-induced catalepsy, mouse model of reserpine-induced akinesia, rat 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of drug-induced rotation, and MPTP-treated non-human primate model.