Adapting Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia for Former National Football League Players: A Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVES: Insomnia is highly prevalent among persons with chronic pain. Although cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is recommended as first-line treatment for insomnia, it is underutilized. We tested the feasibility of a potentially scalable alternative - Brief Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (BBTI) for former National Football League (NFL) players, a group with a high prevalence of chronic pain. We assessed changes in sleep, pain, and psychological health. METHODS: Single-arm clinical trial of an adapted telephone-delivered BBTI intervention in 40 former NFL players with insomnia. We collected data on changes in sleep, pain, and psychological health outcomes. RESULTS: Among former players (30% racial/ethnic minorities), BBTI was both acceptable and feasible. BBTI was associated with improvements in sleep disturbance (primary exploratory sleep outcome, mean T-score change -6.2, 95% CI: -7.6, -4.8), sleep-related impairment (mean T-score change -5.7, 95% CI: -7.9, -3.5) and insomnia severity (mean change -5.3, 95% CI: -6.8, -3.5) post-intervention. Improvements were maintained at 2-months. BBTI was also associated with improvements in pain interference and intensity, but not psychological health. CONCLUSION: An adapted telephone-delivered BBTI is acceptable and feasible among retired players with a range of insomnia symptoms and shows promise for improving sleep and pain. These data support the need for future trials assessing BBTI's effect on both sleep and pain outcomes.

Considerations to implement holistic groups with the elderly.

The group modality is a viable holistic treatment consideration for the elderly, given the steady increase in the elderly population, the presence of various psychiatric and/or medical conditions in this cohort, and cost concerns. The holistic nurse and group leader share similar role definitions of being a facilitator in the healing process. They embrace the concept that the person and group are greater than the sum of the parts. Using a group modality can increase the number of people served by one nurse, thereby making it cost-effective. Incorporating the holistic mind-body-spirit approach addresses the Healthy People 2010 goal of increasing the quality of life. Tips on conducting groups with the elderly are reviewed, including types of groups, setting, goals, composition, duration, and frequency. Theme-centered groups are discussed from a holistic perspective. Yalom's 11 therapeutic factors that account for group functions are explained, along with other group concepts that reflect holistic nursing concepts.

Efficacy of brief behavioral treatment for chronic insomnia in older adults.

BACKGROUND: Chronic insomnia is a common health problem with substantial consequences in older adults. Cognitive behavioral treatments are efficacious but not widely available. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of brief behavioral treatment for insomnia (BBTI) vs an information control (IC) condition. METHODS: A total of 79 older adults (mean age, 71.7 years; 54 women [70%]) with chronic insomnia and common comorbidities were recruited from the community and 1 primary care clinic. Participants were randomly assigned to either BBTI, consisting of individualized behavioral instructions delivered in 2 intervention sessions and 2 telephone calls, or IC, consisting of printed educational material. Both interventions were delivered by a nurse clinician. The primary outcome was categorically defined treatment response at 4 weeks, based on sleep questionnaires and diaries. Secondary outcomes included self-report symptom and health measures, sleep diaries, actigraphy, and polysomnography. RESULTS: Categorically defined response (67% [n = 26] vs 25% [n = 10]; χ(2) = 13.8) (P < .001) and the proportion of participants without insomnia (55% [n = 21] vs 13% [n = 5]; χ(2) = 15.5) (P < .001) were significantly higher for BBTI than for IC. The number needed to treat was 2.4 for each outcome. No differential effects were found for subgroups according to hypnotic or antidepressant use, sleep apnea, or recruitment source. The BBTI produced significantly better outcomes in self-reported sleep and health (group × time interaction, F(5,73) = 5.99, P < .001), sleep diary (F(8,70) = 4.32, P < .001), and actigraphy (F(4,74) = 17.72, P < .001), but not polysomnography. Improvements were maintained at 6 months. CONCLUSION: We found that BBTI is a simple, efficacious, and durable intervention for chronic insomnia in older adults that has potential for dissemination across medical settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00177203.

Linkage and association between serotonin 2A receptor gene polymorphisms and bipolar I disorder.

Several inconsistent associations between bipolar I disorder (BD1) and polymorphisms of the genes encoding the serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) have been published. We conducted the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) and case-control comparisons involving nine single nucleotide polymorphisms at the serotonin 2A receptor gene (four SNPs of HTR2A exons and five flanking SNPs). Comparison of BD1 cases (n = 93) with a group of unrelated population based controls (n = 92) revealed associations with SNPs on exons 2 and 3 (516C/T and 1354C/T, respectively), consistent with haplotype-based differences. Analysis of the cases and their available parents using the TDT suggested significant linkage and associations with 1354C/T, as well as haplotypes bearing this SNP. Our results support an etiological role for HTR2A in BD1. In view of the relatively small sample, replicate studies using large samples are needed.