Skeletal and Soft-Tissue Stability Following Advancement Genioplasty: A Comparative Analysis between Wire and Miniplate Osteosynthesis.

BACKGROUND: Genioplasty has nowadays become a routine procedure in the correction of dentofacial deformities. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the osseous and soft-tissue stability after advancement genioplasties, stabilized using wire and plate osteosynthesis. METHODOLOGY: The study was conducted on ten patients who underwent advanced genioplasty. The patients were divided equally into two groups. In the Group I patients, plates and in Group II, wires were used for stabilization. Lateral cephalograms preoperative and 6 months postoperative were analyzed using Park et al. method of cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: All the ten patients experienced a reliable improvement in esthetics. Although statistically not significant, Group II wire patients have slightly more relapse in the horizontal direction than Group I. The mean ratio of sagittal changes of osseous soft tissue for Group I was 1:0.88 and for Group II wires was 1:0.80. CONCLUSION: The choice of method of fixation following genioplasty would entirely be based on the merits of the individual cases. The marginal edge of advantage seen in miniplate osteosynthesis when compared to wire osteosynthesis is seen in cases that require larger chin advancements.

Assessment of the anterior and caudal extent of inferior alveolar nerve canal, location of inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen, and the depth of submandibular fossa using computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: A well-versed knowledge of the precise location of various anatomical landmarks is necessary to avoid complications during surgery. The study was conducted for the assessment of the anterior and caudal extent of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, location of inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen, and the depth of the submandibular fossa using computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred CT scans were randomly selected for this study accounting for 200 hemimandibles. Both axial and coronal images were obtained and evaluated concurrently. Results were subjected to statistical analysis for correct inferences. RESULTS: A total of 200 hemimandibles (n = 200) from 100 patients with a mean age was 23.89 ± 1.75 years ranging from 21 to 33 years were evaluated. The mean length of the anterior loop was 0.95 mm for all of the observation combined and measurement range from 0 to 5.1 mm. The total frequency of type I, type II, and type III of mental nerve was found as 71%, 4.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. At the level of the first molar, the mean distance from the center of the inferior alveolar canal to the external surface of the buccal cortex (Q) was 5.44 ± 1.38 mm ranging from 2.4 to 10.4 mm. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in MF-IMB (mental foramen to the inferior border of mandible) between the right and left sides of the mandible. (P = 0.87). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that analyzing CT scans using the methods described in this study can be a useful tool in avoiding the iatrogenic injuries to inferior alveolar nerve and arteries during various maxillofacial surgical procedures.

Alterations in ion channel physiology in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic illnesses worldwide. This article focuses on a subgroup of diabetic patients with a specific cardiac complication of this disease--diabetic cardiomyopathy. This article initially gives some general background on diabetic cardiomyopathy and ion channels. Next the focus is on how diabetic cardiomyopathy alters calcium homeostasis in cardiac myocytes and highlights the specific alterations in ion channel function that are characteristic of this type of cardiomyopathy. Finally, the importance of the renin-angiotensin system in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reviewed.

Cryotherapy for Treatment of Mouth Mucocele.

A mucocele is a common salivary gland disorder that most commonly affects young adults. A 35-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, with the chief complaint of swelling on the left side of floor of mouth. The aim of this case report is to present the management of mucocele present in floor of the mouth in a young female patient using liquid nitrogen cryosurgery. The present case report has also discussed mechanism of action, current protocol of cryosurgery with emphasis on clinical pros and cons along with the clinical outcomes.

Incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients in Ludhiana, India.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients and to evaluate the completeness of case ascertainment in Ludhiana. METHODS: This population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Ludhiana, Punjab, Northwest India. All first-ever stroke patients (≥18 years) were included between March 2010 and March 2013 using WHO Stepwise Approach Surveillance methodology from the city. Stroke patient data were obtained from hospitals, scan centers, and general practitioners, and details of deaths from the Municipal Corporation. RESULTS: Out of 7,199 stroke patients recruited, 3,441 were included in final analysis. The mean age was 59 ± 15 years. The annual incidence rate was 140/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 133-147) and age-adjusted incidence rate was 130/100,000 (95% CI 123-137). The annual incidence rate for stroke in the young (18-49 years) was 46/100,000 (95% CI 41-51). The case fatality at 28 days was 22%. Patients above 60 years of age (p = 0.03) and patients who were managed in public hospitals had poor survival (p = 0.01). Hot spots for cumulative incidence were seen in central and southern parts of the city, and hot spots for poor outcome were seen in the outskirts of the city. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rates are similar to other studies from India. Stroke patient survival is poor in public hospitals. The finding of spatial analysis is of public health significance for stroke prevention and strengthening of stroke services.

A rare occurrence of basal cell adenoma of palate: A case report with comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis.

Basal cell adenoma (BCA) of the salivary glands is an uncommon type of monomorphic adenoma which constitutes 1% of all salivary gland tumors. It most commonly involves parotid gland, while it rarely occurs in minor salivary glands. Upper lip, buccal mucosa, and lower lip are the common intraoral sites; whereas, palate being the rarest one. Due to prognostic implications, differential diagnosis with basal cell adenocarcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is mandatory. Considering the rarity of this lesion and histologic paradox regarding its diagnosis, we report a case of BCA of palate with emphasis on need of comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.

Continuous recording of pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and cardiac output using a novel ultrasound transducer.

BACKGROUND: The feasibility of hands-free transthoracic continuous determination of pulmonary artery (PA) diastolic pressure (PAD) and cardiac output (CO) by Doppler ultrasound has not been previously demonstrated. We developed a 2.5-MHz spherical transducer mounted in an external housing to permit steering in 360 degrees (Contison). The external housing was attached to the chest wall using an adhesive patch. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty patients in the coronary care department who had PA catheters had Doppler ultrasound studies. The 2.5-MHz spherical transducer was placed at the left sternal border to permit imaging of the pulmonic valve and was attached to a commercial ultrasound machine. The PA was imaged and its diameter measured. The pulmonary flow velocity signal was recorded and the time velocity integral obtained. The CO was calculated as: CO = time velocity integral of the PA systolic flow velocity signal x pi diameter(2) divided by 4 x heart rate. The pulmonary regurgitation signal was then recorded and the end-diastolic velocity of the regurgitant signal was measured. Right atrial pressure was assessed from the jugular venous pressure or from the size and pulsatility of the inferior vena cava. The PADP was calculated as: PADP = 4 end-diastolic velocity of the regurgitant signal(2) + right atrial pressure. The CO, PADP, and pulmonary wedge pressure were recorded from the PA catheter immediately after the ultrasound studies. Serial data were obtained every half hour or 1 hour up to a maximum of 5 hours. Adequate Doppler signals were obtained in 43 patients. RESULTS: There was a good correlation between the PADP by Doppler versus PA catheter (r = 0.90, standard error of the estimate = 3.3 mm Hg); PADP by Doppler versus PA wedge pressure (r = 0.88, standard error of the estimate = 3.7 mm Hg); and CO by Doppler versus PA catheter (r = 0.92, standard error of the estimate = 0.7 L/min). CONCLUSION: The 2.5-MHz spherical transducer permitted accurate assessment of CO and PAD. This transducer could be of potential value in monitoring patients in the intensive care setting.

A comparative review of treatment of 80 mandibular angle fracture fixation with miniplates using three different techniques.

Standard treatment of mandibular angle fracture with miniplates according to recommendations of Champy et al. (1976) consists of fixation with one miniplate at superior border of mandible ventral to external oblique line. In certain constellations, second miniplate at lower border may provide additional stability. In this retrospective study 80 patients with mandibular angle fracture were divided into 3 sub-groups reported at DIRDS Faridkot were treated by intraoral, extraoral and combined intraoral and transbuccal approach. There was no significant difference in complication rates encountered with these techniques. Decision regarding treatment approaches for open reduction of mandible fracture often relates to surgeon's experience and training. In some cases, choice is affected by availability of equipment. More difficult cases involving endentulous atrophic mandible or comminution should be considered for extraoral approach. Intraoral open reduction and fixation was used for non-comminuted and non-complicated fractures. The combined transbuccal/Intraoral procedure is now preferred method because of ease of use and facilitation of placement of plate in neutral mid point area of mandible.

Mandibular adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: A report of an unusual case.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a slow-growing, benign tumor that appears in the anterior portion of the jaws and more frequently, the anterior maxilla usually in association with the crowns of unerupted teeth. Most of the tumors are diagnosed in second decade of life. A rare case report of AOT associated with an impacted right mandibular first premolar in a 24-year-old female is reported.

Use of an active-fixation coronary sinus lead to implant a biventricular pacemaker via the femoral vein.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy, which involves the placement of a pacing lead in the right atrium and in each ventricle, is effective in treating heart failure that is caused by left bundle branch block and cardiomyopathy. The left ventricular lead is usually placed into a lateral branch of the coronary sinus via the subclavian route. When the subclavian route is unavailable, insertion of a standard, passive-fixation coronary sinus lead via the femoral approach is feasible; however, the likelihood of subsequent dislodgment is high. Herein, we describe the placement of a novel, self-retaining, active-fixation coronary sinus lead--the Attain StarFix Model 4195 OTW Lead--in an elderly heart-failure patient, via the femoral approach. We believe that this is the 1st report of this procedure.

The syndrome of cardiac tamponade with "small" pericardial effusion.

Cardiac tamponade is usually a consequence of increased pericardial pressure with accumulation of pericardial effusion. Pericardial effusion may be caused by acute pericarditis, tumor, uremia, hypothyroidism, trauma, cardiac surgery, or other inflammatory/noninflammatory conditions. In this article we describe four scenarios illustrated by case reports where a small or apparently small pericardial effusion may produce cardiac tamponade. The first scenario illustrates how a small pericardial effusion can cause clinically significant cardiac tamponade when it accumulates rapidly. The second scenario exhibits how an apparently small pericardial effusion on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) turned out to be a small amount of unclotted blood and an echogenic hematoma. The third scenario details how an apparently small pericardial effusion on TTE was actually a large loculated effusion in an unusual location seen only by transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). The fourth scenario demonstrates how the combination of a large pleural effusion and a small pericardial effusion can result in cardiac tamponade. The role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of these scenarios is discussed here. Although many clinicians depend on the amount of pericardial effusion to suspect cardiac tamponade, it is important to suspect cardiac tamponade when patients have hemodynamic compromise regardless of the amount of pericardial effusion.

Implant of a biventricular pacemaker in a patient with dextrocardia and persistent left superior vena cava.

Congenital anomalies of the heart can pose challenges to cardiac invasive procedures. Here, we present the case of a 40-year-old man with the combination of dextrocardia, a persistent left superior vena cava, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We describe the successful implantation of a biventricular pacemaker-defibrillator under this complex anatomic condition.

Left ventricular lead stabilization utilizing a coronary stent.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been recently demonstrated to have a mortality and morbidity benefit in heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac dyssynchrony. Currently, the most widely used method of left ventricular (LV) lead placement involves transvenous placement of leads via the coronary sinus (CS) and into a tributary branch. Lead dislodgement is a common cause for reoperation, and continues to be a common problem despite advances in equipment and operator techniques. We describe a case where a coronary stent was placed in a lateral branch of the CS to stabilize the lead against the vessel wall.