DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A PSYCHOLOGICAL SCALE FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY: THE BARITEST.

BACKGROUND: It is recommended that bariatric surgery candidates undergo psychological assessment. However, no specific instrument exists to assess the psychological well-being of bariatric patients, before and after surgery, and for which all constructs are valid for both genders. AIMS: This study aimed to develop and validate a new psychometric instrument to be used before and after bariatric surgery in order to assess psychological outcomes of patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that composed of 660 individuals from the community and bariatric patients. BariTest was developed on a Likert scale consisting of 59 items, distributed in 6 constructs, which assess the psychological well-being that influences bariatric surgery: emotional state, eating behavior, quality of life, relationship with body weight, alcohol consumption, and social support. Validation of BariTest was developed by the confirmatory factor analysis to check the content, criteria, and construct. The R statistical software version 3.5.0 was used in all analyses, and a significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS: Adjusted indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicate adequate adjustment. Cronbach's alpha of BariTest was 0.93, which indicates good internal consistency. The scores of the emotional state, eating behavior, and quality of life constructs were similar between the results obtained in the community and in the postoperative group, being higher than in the preoperative group. Alcohol consumption was similar in the preoperative and postoperative groups and was lower than the community group. CONCLUSIONS: BariTest is a reliable scale measuring the psychological well-being of patients either before or after bariatric surgery.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the Obesity-related Problems Scale.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a reliable version of the Obesity-related Problems Scale in Portuguese to use it in Brazil. METHODS: The Obesity-related Problems Scale was translated and transculturally adapted. Later it was simultaneously self-applied with a 12-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), to 50 obese patients and 50 non-obese individuals, and applied again to half of them after 14 days. RESULTS: The Obesity-related Problems scale was able to differentiate obese from non-obese individuals with higher accuracy than WHODAS 2.0, correlating with this scale and with body mass index. The factor analysis determined a two-dimensional structure, which was confirmed with χ2/df=1.81, SRMR=0.05, and CFI=0.97. The general a coefficient was 0.90 and the inter-item intra-class correlation, in the reapplication, ranged from 0.75 to 0.87. CONCLUSION: The scale proved to be valid and reliable for use in the Brazilian population, without the need to exclude items.

Development and validation of a psychological scale for bariatric surgery: the baritest / Desenvolvimento e validação de escala psicométrica para os pacientes de cirurgia bariátrica: o baritest

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: It is recommended that bariatric surgery candidates undergo psychological assessment. However, no specific instrument exists to assess the psychological well-being of bariatric patients, before and after surgery, and for which all constructs are valid for both genders. AIMS: This study aimed to develop and validate a new psychometric instrument to be used before and after bariatric surgery in order to assess psychological outcomes of patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that composed of 660 individuals from the community and bariatric patients. BariTest was developed on a Likert scale consisting of 59 items, distributed in 6 constructs, which assess the psychological well-being that influences bariatric surgery: emotional state, eating behavior, quality of life, relationship with body weight, alcohol consumption, and social support. Validation of BariTest was developed by the confirmatory factor analysis to check the content, criteria, and construct. The R statistical software version 3.5.0 was used in all analyses, and a significance level of 5% was used. RESULTS: Adjusted indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model indicate adequate adjustment. Cronbach's alpha of BariTest was 0.93, which indicates good internal consistency. The scores of the emotional state, eating behavior, and quality of life constructs were similar between the results obtained in the community and in the postoperative group, being higher than in the preoperative group. Alcohol consumption was similar in the preoperative and postoperative groups and was lower than the community group. CONCLUSIONS: BariTest is a reliable scale measuring the psychological well-being of patients either before or after bariatric surgery.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Recomenda-se que os candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica sejam submetidos a uma avaliação psicológica. Contudo, não existe nenhum instrumento específico para avaliar os pacientes bariátricos, e que todos os construtos sejam válidos para ambos os sexos. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver e validar um novo instrumento psicométrico para avaliar o bem-estar psicológico dos pacientes antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi transversal e composto por 660 indivíduos da comunidade e pacientes bariátricos. O BariTest foi desenvolvido numa escala Likert composta por 59 itens, distribuídos em seis construtos, que avaliam o bem-estar psicológico que influenciam a cirurgia bariátrica: estado emocional, comportamento alimentar, qualidade de vida, relação com o peso corporal, consumo de álcool, e suporte social. A validação do BariTest foi feita pela validação de conteúdo, critério e construto e utilizou-se análise fatorial confirmatória. O software estatístico R versão 3.5.0, foi utilizado em todas as análises, com um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os índices ajustados do modelo análise fatorial confirmatória indicam um ajustamento adequado. O alfa de Cronbach do BariTest foi 0,93, o que indica uma boa consistência interna. As pontuações de estado emocional, comportamento alimentar e qualidade de vida foram semelhantes na comunidade e no grupo pós-operatório, sendo mais elevados do que no grupo pré-operatório. O consumo de álcool foi semelhante nos grupos pré e pós-operatórios e foi inferior ao do grupo comunitário. CONCLUSÕES: O BariTest é uma escala confiável que mede o bem-estar psicológico dos pacientes antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica.

Development of the Brazilian brief version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brazil-8).

OBJECTIVE: To provide for Brazil, through the selection of items of the Brazilian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brazil), a concise instrument. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which the DQOL-Brazil was administered to 150 type 1 diabetic patients and 146 type 2 diabetic patients. The items of the instrument were selected according to the analysis of the principal components and Spearman's correlations with treatment satisfaction, glycated hemoglobin level, and Nottingham Health Profile. RESULTS: From a total of 44 items, only 8 were selected to compose the summary instrument (DQOL-Brazil-8). The DQOL-Brazil-8 presented Spearman's correlation of 0.873 with the DQOL-Brazil and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.702. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian health professionals now have a brief tool for a fast application that preserves the best features of the full DQOL-Brazil.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Brazil of the Obesity-related Problems Scale / Adaptação transcultural e validação para o Brasil da Obesity-related Problems Scale

ABSTRACT Objective To validate a reliable version of the Obesity-related Problems Scale in Portuguese to use it in Brazil. Methods The Obesity-related Problems Scale was translated and transculturally adapted. Later it was simultaneously self-applied with a 12-item version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), to 50 obese patients and 50 non-obese individuals, and applied again to half of them after 14 days. Results The Obesity-related Problems scale was able to differentiate obese from non-obese individuals with higher accuracy than WHODAS 2.0, correlating with this scale and with body mass index. The factor analysis determined a two-dimensional structure, which was confirmed with χ2/df=1.81, SRMR=0.05, and CFI=0.97. The general a coefficient was 0.90 and the inter-item intra-class correlation, in the reapplication, ranged from 0.75 to 0.87. Conclusion The scale proved to be valid and reliable for use in the Brazilian population, without the need to exclude items.

RESUMO Objetivo Validar uma versão confiável da Obesity-related Problems Scale em português para utilização no Brasil. Métodos A Obesity-related Problems Scale foi traduzida e adaptada transculturalmente. Posteriormente, foi autoaplicada simultaneamente à versão de 12 itens da World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) a 50 pacientes obesos e a 50 indivíduos não obesos, sendo reaplicada à metade deles após 14 dias. Resultados A Obesity-related Problems Scale foi capaz de diferenciar obesos de não obesos com maior acurácia que a WHODAS 2.0, estando correlacionada a esta e com o índice de massa corporal. A análise fatorial determinou estrutura bidimensional, que foi confirmada com χ2/df=1,81, SRMR=0,05, and CFI=0,97. O coeficiente a geral foi de 0,90 e a correlação intraclasse interitem, na reaplicação, variou de 0,75 a 0,87. Conclusão A escala provou ser válida e confiável para ser utilizada na população brasileira, sem necessidade de exclusão de itens.

Desenvolvimento da versão brasileira resumida do Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brasil-8) / Development of the Brazilian brief version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brazil-8)

RESUMO: Objetivo: Disponibilizar para o Brasil, através da seleção de itens da versão brasileira do Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brasil), um instrumento resumido. Métodos: Estudo transversal em que o DQOL-Brasil foi administrado a 150 pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 e 146 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. Os itens do instrumento foram selecionados com base na análise de componentes principais e correlações de Spearman com a satisfação ao tratamento, hemoglobina glicada e Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham. Resultados: De um total de 44 itens, apenas 8 foram selecionados para compor o instrumento resumido (DQOL-Brasil-8). O DQOL-Brasil-8 apresentou correlação de Spearman de 0,873 com o DQOL-Brasil e um coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,702. Conclusão: Os profissionais de saúde brasileiros têm agora um instrumento curto e de aplicação rápida, que preserva as melhores características do DQOL-Brasil completo.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To provide for Brazil, through the selection of items of the Brazilian version of the Diabetes Quality of Life Measure (DQOL-Brazil), a concise instrument. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which the DQOL-Brazil was administered to 150 type 1 diabetic patients and 146 type 2 diabetic patients. The items of the instrument were selected according to the analysis of the principal components and Spearman's correlations with treatment satisfaction, glycated hemoglobin level, and Nottingham Health Profile. Results: From a total of 44 items, only 8 were selected to compose the summary instrument (DQOL-Brazil-8). The DQOL-Brazil-8 presented Spearman's correlation of 0.873 with the DQOL-Brazil and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.702. Conclusion: The Brazilian health professionals now have a brief tool for a fast application that preserves the best features of the full DQOL-Brazil.

Controle glicêmico e lipídico de pacientes com diabete tipo 2 em tratamento combinado de metformina e insulina / Glycemic and lipid control of patients with type 2 diabetes in combined treatment of metformin and insulin

Este é um estudo transversal em que foram avaliados os dados laboratoriais de perfil lipídico e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) dos 105 pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em uso de insulina na área adstrita da Unidade de Saúde São Paulo do Programa de Saúde da Família. Teve como objetivo identificar possíveis variações nesses parâmetros quando associada metformina ao tratamento. Desses pacientes, 33 foram excluídos por apresentarem vieses. Dos restantes, 44 estavam em tratamento combinado de metformina e insulina ­ estes apresentaram níveis de HbA1c e triglicerídeos significativamente inferiores ao grupo controle em tratamento isolado com insulina (n=28); não se observaram diferenças de significado estatístico com relação ao colesterol total e HDL. O estudo sugeriu que, pela disponibilidade gratuita da metformina para a população, tal associação deveria ser considerada como primeira escolha em saúde pública.

This transverse study was undertaken to assess serum lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and triglyceride levels of 105 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in insulin use belonging to a health care area of the Family Health Program (FHP). It had as objective to identify possible variations in those parameters when metformin is associated to the treatment. Thirty-three of those patients were excluded by presenting inclinations. Of the remaining, 44 subjects were on combination therapy of metformin and insulin ­ these indicated serum levels of HbA1c and triglycerides significantly lower than the control group in treatment with insulin alone (n=28); statistical differences were not observed regarding high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels. The research appeared that, due to free readiness of metformin for the population, combined therapy should be used as first choice in public health.