[Parental Distress Caused by Child's Cancer Diagnosis]. / Belastungserleben von Eltern krebskranker Kinder.

INTRODUCTION: Considering that parental well-being influences the healing process of a child significantly, the relevance of psychosocial care of parents with children with cancer is obvious. Since the parental distress has hardly been studied in Germany, this study examines the burdens of parents of children with cancer. In addition, it provides a diagnostic tool that is used to standardize and facilitate the whole patient management. METHODS: n=213 parents have participated in the survey scheduled from September 2013 to September 2014 in pediatric oncology centers. The examination of parental distress was based on five burdens (namely "depression", "anxiety", "somatization", "posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)" and "obsessive-compulsive"). Moreover, confirmatory factor analyzes were calculated which form the basis of the tools. RESULTS: 42% of parents show above-average depression scores (z>1), 56,7% above-average anxiety scores, 30,6% above-average obsessive-compulsive scores, 17,4% above-average PTSD scores and 25,9% above-average somatization scores. The confirmatory factor analyzes provide evidence for a dimensional factor model and a second-order factor model. DISCUSSION: The results show that parents of children with cancer in Germany represent a risk group in terms of developing their own mental health problems.

College and noncollege youth politics in 1972: An application of Mannheim's generation unit model.

This article examines youth politics employing Mannheim's theory of generation units. Specifically, a multivariate model was constructed to test and compare sets of social location and consciousness factors explaining political behavior among two random samples of college and noncollege youth. Just prior to the 1972 presidential election, 373 Syracuse University students and 134 local Syracuse residents between the ages of 18 and 25 were surveyed to determine their presidential candidate support and urge to participate in a demonstration. Path analysis was used to examine the direct, indirect, and total effects of the variables in the model. Results indicated that (1) the relationships predicting youth politics differed within and between the two youth groups; (2) 55% of the variance in presidential candidate support and 33% of the variance in urge to demonstrate were explained by the variables in the college student model, and the comparable figures for the noncollege group were 39% and 38%, respectively; (3) family status and personal political attitudes differentiated candidate support and urge to demonstrate among college students, while demographic characteristics, family status, and institutional confidence explained considerable variance in politics among the noncollege youth. The form of Mannheim's generation unit model provided a useful tool for comparing youth groups within the same generation; the contents await replication and verification.

Youth status and national development: A global assessment in the 1980s.

Using a data set of 123 countries, the global status of youth is assessed by examining the relationship between national development and a youth-adult ratio, or the number of youth relative to the number of adults in a nation. First, the size of the population of youth in comparison to the size of the adult population is determined, where it becomes evident that the majority of nations have high or very high numbers of youth relative to adults. Second, the opportunities nations provide their young people are evaluated by looking at the range and average levels of economic, political, social, and educational development within the modern world system. Third, a strong relationship is found between relative size of the youth population and national development, with youth ratios most closely associated with educational and political development. The results of this study demonstrate the existence of inter-age and intra-age stratification throughout the world, which has important implications for the future well-being of youth as well as the world system of nation-states.