Religiosity and prevalence of suicide, psychiatric disorders and psychotic symptoms in the French general population.

We aimed to examine the association between religious beliefs and observance and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, psychotic symptoms and history of suicide attempts in the French general population. The cross-sectional survey interviewed 38,694 subjects between 1999 and 2003, using the MINI. Current religious beliefs and observance were identified by means of two questions: "are you a believer?" and "are you religiously observant?". We studied the association between religiosity and psychiatric outcomes using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, including migrant status. Religious beliefs were positively associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders [OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.30-1.45) and OR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.20-1.58)], unipolar depressive disorder [OR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.06-1.23)] and generalized anxiety disorder [OR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.06-1.21)], but negatively associated with bipolar disorder [OR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.69-0.98)], alcohol use disorders [OR = 0.69, 95% CI (0.62-0.77)], substance use disorders [OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.52-0.69)] and suicide attempts [OR = 0.90, 95% CI (0.82-0.99)]. Religious observance was positively associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders [OR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.20-1.58) and OR = 1.25, 95% CI (1.07-1.45)], but negatively associated with social anxiety disorder [OR = 0.87, 95% CI (0.76-0.99)], alcohol use disorders [OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.51-0.70)], substance use disorders [OR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.38-0.60)] and suicide attempts [OR = 0.80, 95% CI (0.70-0.90)]. Among believers, religious observance was not associated with psychotic outcomes. Religiosity appears to be a complex and bidirectional determinant of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. In this respect, religiosity should be more thoroughly assessed in epidemiological psychiatric studies, as well as in clinical practice.

Nursing interventions for the promotion of tracheostomy self-care: A scoping review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To map nursing interventions, their characteristics, and outcomes, in promoting self-care of the person with a tracheostomy. BACKGROUND: The development of competencies in self-care of a person with a tracheostomy is recognised as one of the most significant nursing intervention areas for the promotion of autonomy, prevention of complications and adaptation. Identifying nursing interventions for the promotion of self-care of the person with a tracheostomy enables enhanced clinical practice knowledge within different care contexts and the identification of gaps in the available evidence. DESIGN: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology was used to perform this scoping review. METHOD: A search was conducted on the CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The search for grey literature included Portugal´s Open Access Scientific Repository, OpenGrey, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Studies published in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French were included. The PRISMA-ScR checklist was used. RESULTS: From a total of 4,224 identified articles, 31 were included in this review. Multiple nursing interventions were identified and grouped into four types of action: informing, managing, determining and attending. Although most interventions are implemented with the face-to-face method, there is a growing interest in using technologies for this purpose. The dose is the characteristic most poorly described in interventions. Various results were obtained; however, valid assessment tools were not always used. CONCLUSIONS: Designing and testing intervention programmes for the promotion of self-care of the person with a tracheostomy is necessary, based on available and robust evidence to guide clinical practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This review allowed to systematise nursing interventions to promote self-care of the person with a tracheostomy. The use of combined interventions and methodologies is likely to be more effective in care delivery.

Lipid oxidation dysregulation: an emerging player in the pathophysiology of sepsis.

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal host response to infection. Millions of people are affected annually worldwide. Derangement of the inflammatory response is crucial in sepsis pathogenesis. However, metabolic, coagulation, and thermoregulatory alterations also occur in patients with sepsis. Fatty acid mobilization and oxidation changes may assume the role of a protagonist in sepsis pathogenesis. Lipid oxidation and free fatty acids (FFAs) are potentially valuable markers for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we discuss inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction during sepsis, focusing on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) alterations in the liver and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) and their implications in sepsis development.

Nursing Interventions to Promote Self-Care in a Candidate for a Bowel Elimination Ostomy: Scoping Review / Intervenciones de enfermería para promover el autocuidado en un candidato a ostomía de eliminación intestinal / Intervenções de enfermagem para promover o autocuidado num candidato à estomia intestinal de eliminação

Objectives: To identify nursing interventions, their characteristics, and outcomes for promoting self-care in candidates for a bowel elimination ostomy. Materials and methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's recommendations. For this, studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish on the Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus databases and without a time limit were selected on November 9, 2020. Results: Of 2248 articles identified, 41 were included in this review. We identified 20 nursing interventions associated with the self-care of patients with an ostomy; most of them have gaps in their content, method, and frequency or dosing. More than 30 indicators were identified to assess the impact of nursing interventions; however, most of them were indirect assessments. Conclusion: There is scarce evidence regarding the different aspects that must be involved in nursing interventions for patients with a stoma. Moreover, there is no standardization in methods, frequency, or dosing of intervention. It is urgent to define the content, method, and frequency of nursing interventions necessary to promote self-care in patients with a bowel elimination ostomy and to use assessment tools that directly measure stoma self-care competence.

Objetivos: identificar las intervenciones de enfermería, sus características y resultados para promover el autocuidado en candidatos a estoma de eliminación intestinal. Materiales y métodos: se llevó a cabo una revisión de alcance con base en las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para este fin, se seleccionaron estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español en las bases de datos Web of Science, CINAHL y Scopus al 9 de noviembre de 2020. Resultados: de un total de 2248 artículos identificados, se incluyeron 41 en esta revisión. Se identificaron 20 intervenciones de enfermería asociadas al autocuidado de pacientes con ostomía; la mayoría tiene lagunas en su contenido, método y frecuencia o dosis. Se identificaron más de treinta indicadores para evaluar el impacto de las intervenciones de enfermería; sin embargo, la mayoría de ellas fueron evaluaciones indirectas. Conclusión: es escasa la evidencia sobre los diferentes aspectos que deben considerarse en las intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con estoma. Además, no existe una estandarización en los métodos, la frecuencia o la dosis de intervención. Es urgente definir el contenido, el método y la frecuencia de las intervenciones de enfermería necesarias para promover el autocuidado en pacientes con estoma de eliminación intestinal y utilizar herramientas de evaluación que midan directamente ese autocuidado.

Objetivos: identificar as intervenções de enfermagem, suas características e resultados para promover o autocuidado em candidatos à estomia intestinal de eliminação. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma revisão de escopo com base nas recomendações do Instituto Joanna Briggs. Para isso, foram selecionados estudos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol nas bases de dados Web of Science, CINAHL e Scopus de 9 de novembro de 2020. Resultados: de 2 248 artigos identificados, foram incluídos 41 nesta revisão. Foram identificadas 20 intervenções de enfermagem associadas ao autocuidado de pacientes com estomia; a maioria tem lacunas em seu conteúdo, método e frequência ou dose. Foram identificados mais de 30 indicadores para avaliar o impacto das intervenções de enfermagem; contudo, a maioria delas foi avaliação indireta. Conclusões: é escassa a evidência sobre os diferentes aspectos que devem ser considerados nas intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com estomia. Além disso, não há um padrão nos métodos, na frequência ou na dose de intervenção. É urgente definir o conteúdo, o método e a frequência das intervenções de enfermagem necessárias para promover o autocuidado em pacientes com estomia intestinal de eliminação e utilizar ferramentas de avaliação que meçam diretamente esse autocuidado.

Compreensão gestáltica de oficinas de contação de histórias em um grupo vivenciando a velhice / Gestaltic comprehension of storytelling workshops in an elderly group / Comprensión gestáltica sobre oficinas de cuentos en un grupo de mayores

O objetivo deste artigo consistiu em compreender, a partir da perspectiva gestáltica, a experiência das oficinas de contação de histórias com um grupo de velhos em situação de vulnerabilidade social, frequentadores de uma ONG no Subúrbio Ferroviário em Salvador-Bahia, durante três meses. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho exploratório, descritivo e analítico, que toma algumas passagens dos encontros tendo como lente teórica a Gestalt-terapia. Desse modo, utilizamos conceitos referentes a contato, fronteira de contato, Awareness, auto e heterossuporte, bem como categorias como: aqui e agora e a noção de corporeidade. A partir do material recolhido no diário de campo e gravações, organizamos os resultados encontrados: o grupo funcionou como um sistema; foi possível observar um todo diferente da soma de suas partes; os participantes reconheceram flexibilização das fronteiras de contato e promoção de contato mais fluido; a promoção e o desenvolvimento de autossuporte, tendo o grupo como heterossuporte foi possível; houve progressivamente maior presença de cada um nas tarefas propostas, no aqui e agora, com ampliação da Awareness. Evidenciou-se notável ressignificação do corpo, de modo geral, e em consequência, uma maior consciência corporal.

The objective of this article was to understand, from the gestaltic perspective, in a reflexive perspective, the experience of storytelling workshops with a group of elderly people in situations of social vulnerability, attending an NGO in the Subúrbio Ferroviário in Salvador- Bahia, for three months. It is an exploratory, descriptive and analytical research that takes some passages of the meetings with Gestalt-therapy as the theoretical lens. In this way, we use concepts related to contact, contact boundary, awareness, self and heterosupport, as well as categories such as: here and now and the notion of corporeity. From the material collected in the field diary and the recordings, we organized the results found: the group functioned as a system; it was possible to observe a whole different from the sum of its parts; the participants recognized flexibilization of contact boundaries and promotion of more fluid contact; the promotion and development of self-support, having the group as heterosupport was possible; there was progressively greater presence of each one in the proposed tasks, in the here and now, with increased awareness. Significant resignification of the body was evidenced in general, and consequently a greater bodily awareness.

El objetivo de este artículo consistió en comprender, en perspectiva gestáltica, la experiencia de los talleres de cuentos con un grupo de viejos en situación de vulnerabilidad social, frecuentadores de una ONG en el Suburbio Ferroviario en Salvador - Bahía, durante tres meses. Se trata de una investigación de cuno exploratorio, descriptivo y analítico, que toma algunos pasajes de los encuentros teniendo como lente teórica la Gestalt-terapia. De este modo, utilizamos conceptos referentes al contacto, frontera de contacto, conciencia, auto y heterosuporte, así como categorías como: aquí y ahora y la noción de corporeidad. A partir del material recogido en el diario de campo y en las grabaciones, organizamos los resultados encontrados: el grupo funcionó como un sistema; fue posible observar un todo diferente de la suma de sus partes; los participantes reconocieron flexibilización de las fronteras de contacto y promoción de contacto más fluido; la promoción y el desarrollo de autos, y el grupo como heterosuporte fue posible; hubo progresivamente mayor presencia de cada uno en las tareas propuestas, en el aquí y ahora, con la ampliación de la conciencia. Se evidenció de manera general notable resignificación del cuerpo y en consecuencia, una mayor conciencia corporal.

Obstetric profile of perinatal deaths on a capital of the Northeast of Brazil / Perfil obstétrico dos óbitos perinatais em uma capital do Nordeste Brasileiro

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the obstetric and sociodemographic profile on perinatal deaths in Teresina the capital of Piauí, from data obtained from the Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos (Brazilian Mortality Information System and Livebirth Information System). Methods: this is a retrospective cohort on perinatal deaths of mothers whose babies were born and resided in Teresina between 2010 and 2014. The analyzed variables were age and the mother´s schooling, gestational age, type of pregnancy (singleton or multiple), route of delivery (vaginal or cesarean), place of death (in and out hospital), time of death in relation to the delivery (prior, during or after), and birth weight. Results: the perinatal mortality coefficient (PMC) varied from 17.5 to 19.3 per 1,000 births. We found similarities in the sociodemographic profile and in the obstetric fetal and non-fetal deaths, both with a great incidence on 20 to 27 years-old mothers, vaginal delivery and singleton pregnancy. Low birth weight was positively related to early neonatal deaths. Conclusions: perinatal mortality presented a statistical correlation in gestational age, birth weight, and type of delivery. The PMC in our study was higher than other Brazilian capitals.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar o perfil obstétrico e sociodemográfico dos óbitos perinatais ocorridos em Teresina, capital do Piauí, a partir de dados provenientes dos Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva de óbitos perinatais nascidos de mães residentes em Teresina, entre 2010 e 2014. As variáveis analisadas foram faixa etária e escolaridade da mãe, idade gestacional, tipo de gravidez (única ou múltipla), via de parto (vaginal ou cesáreo), local do óbito (intra ou extra-hospitalar), momento do óbito em relação ao parto (antes, durante ou após), e peso do concepto. Resultados: o coeficiente de mortalidade perinatal (CMP) variou entre 17,5 e 19,3 por mil nascidos. Verificaram-se semelhanças quanto ao perfil sociodemográfico e obstétrico dos óbitos fetais e não fetais, ambos com maior incidência em mães com faixa etária entre 20 e 27 anos, em parto vaginal e no tipo de gravidez única. Baixo peso ao nascer se relacionou positivamente com os óbitos neonatais precoces. Conclusões: a mortalidade perinatal apresentou correlação estatística com a idade gestacional, o peso ao nascer, e o tipo de parto. O CMP no nosso estudo foi mais elevado do que o de outras capitais brasileiras.