[The effect of the inhalation of ethanol and acetone on the indices of the antioxidant protection system and on lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue and blood serum of rats]. / Vliianie ingaliatsii étanola i atsetona na pokazateli sistemy antioksidantnoi zashchity i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov tkani mozga i syvorotki krovi krys.

Ethanol or acetone inhalation resulted in a reduction in motor activity in rats, affecting largely their explorative behavior. The biochemical parameters of free-radical processes (catalyse and SOD activities, LPO levels) remained unchanged in the inhaling animals. Ethanol or acetone inhalation caused a significant decrease in blood catalyse activity and serum LPO levels. The acetone- and ethanol-induced changes in the activity of ceruloplasmin were heterodirectional. It can be concluded that it is useful to study the biochemical parameters of serum free-radical processes and to employ the findings in the therapy of inhalation toxicomanias.

[The action of acute alcoholic intoxication on the antioxidant system and creatine kinase activity in the brain of rat embryos]. / Deistvie ostroi alkogol'noi intoksikatsii na antioksidantnoi sistemu i aktivnost' kreatinkinazy v mozge émbrionov krys.

The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was enhanced in the brain of 14-day rat embryos 1 and 3 hours after single administration of ethanol to pregnant rats. Concurrently, the levels of lipid peroxidation were changing in these periods. Ethanol, 1 g/kg, increased LPO levels in the 14-day embryonic brain, whereas its dose of 3 g/kg decreased them. It is concluded that with single administration of ethanol, free-radical processes are activated in the embryonic brain. It is suggested that the activity of creatine kinase decreases concurrently with an increase in SOD activity due to the damaging action of superoxide radicals on the enzyme molecule.

[Determination of multiple forms of leucine aminopeptidase in blood plasma]. / Opredelenie mnozhestvennykh form leitsinaminopeptidazy plazmy krovi.

The methods of evaluation of different forms of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) activity in human serum were elaborated. It was shown, that there are some forms of LAP in serum which has different pH optimum and different sensitivity to L-methionine and other substrates. It was found, that these forms of LAP have different activity in the blood serum of adults and infants. The conclusion was drawn about diagnostic value of LAP forms in the infants with periventricular brain damages.

[Antioxidant enzymes activity of erythrocytes and indicators of blood hemodynamics of normal and hypoxic newborns in their first day of life]. / Fermenty antioksidantnoi sistemy éritrotsitov i nekotorye pokazateli gemodinamiki krovi v pervye sutki zhizni novorozhdennykh detei v norme i pri gipoksicheskikh sostoianiiakh.

The authors have found direct correlating between the enzymatic activity and the values of the total of circulation blood, erythrocytes, plasma and hematocrit. The highest activity of antioxidant-enzymes and values of hemodynamic was observed by the sixth hour of life of healthy newborns. Influenced by simultaneous effect of asphyxia and intrauterine chronic fetal hypoxia SOD, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in erythrocytes remain low during the first 24 hours of life. These newborns proved to have lower values of hemodynamics. The state of the antioxidant enzyme and hemodynamics at the moment of birth is discussed.

[Oxidative modification of human serum proteins. A method of determining it]. / Okislitel'naia modifikatsiia belkov syvorotki krovi cheloveka, metod ee opredeleniia.

A rate of protein oxidative destruction may be estimated from the reaction of the resultant carbonyl derivatives of amino acids reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine. The procedure for estimation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones was modified for clinical application. The initiating effect of nonenzymatic components (Fe(3+)-ascorbic acid, Fe(2+)-O2, Fe(2+)-H2O2) was in the metal-catalyzing oxidation of proteins. Estimation of derivatives of 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazones in tissues may serve as a pattern of protein oxidative modification during oxidative stress in the body.

[Free-radical processes in blood serum, liver and large bowel during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenesis in rats]. / Svobodno-radikal'nye protsessy v syvorotke krovi, pecheni i tolstoi kishke pri kantserogeneze, indutsiruemom 1,2-dimetilgidrazinom u krys.

Rats were injected 21 mg/kg dimethylhydrazine (DMH), in a single dose, subcutaneously (experimental run I), or 5 times at weekly intervals (experimental run II) to measure free-radical process indices in blood serum, liver and large bowel 24 hr after a single exposure and 6 months after 5 exposures. Run I identified marked DMH inhibition of blood-serum level of active forms of oxygen (AFO). However it did not involve any changes in the concentrations of such products of lipids peroxidation (LP) as dien conjugates, Schiff's bases and protein peroxides (PP). Neither did total antioxidation activity (TAA) or that of Cu, Zn-superoxydismutase (SOD) change. However, nitrite levels increased while those of ceruloplasmin decreased significantly. AFO levels also dropped in the liver, following a single injection of DMH, with TAA and SOD activity decreased significantly. No changes were observed in AFO generation processes in the bowel which was targeted by DMH treatment. A slight decrease in TAA, a rise in PP and diverse changes in the enzymatic system of antioxodation protection were recorded: decreased SOD activity and an insignificant rise in catalase level (like in the liver). Run II showed an intensification of peroxidation in blood serum and bowel in animals bearing intestinal tumors. However, no distinct changes occurred in the liver. The results point to a tendency of free-radical processes being intensified during DMH-induced carcinogenesis in rats.

[Antioxidant activity of the blood serum in pregnant and nonpregnant women: comparison of various detection methods]. / Antioksidantnaia aktivnost' syvorotki krovi beremennykh i neberemennykhzhenshchin: sravnenie raznykh metodov opredeleniia.

Antioxidant activity (AOA) of the serum was assessed in pregnant and nonpregnant women by three different methods. AOA assessed by the chemiluminescent method with riboflavin was increased in pregnant women (30-39 weeks) in comparison with donors. This increase may be due to appearance of a specific protein component possessing a high AOA in the serum of pregnant women. Measurements of AOA by two spectrophotometric methods, with DPPH and quercetin, showed a decrease of AOA in pregnancy. Analysis of correlations shows that in donors all the methods used reflect the activities of virtually the same components of antioxidant defense, whereas in pregnant women the composition of the predominant antioxidant components is changed. Hence, application of several methods or measurement of certain components of the antioxidant system is advisable in pregnant women.

[Significance of determination of medium weight molecules in urine in normal pregnancy, in complicated pregnancy and in newborns with hypoxia]. / Znachenie opredeleniia srednikh molekul v moche pri normal'noi i oslozhnennoi beremennosti i u novorozhdennykh s gipoksiei.

Women with normal gestation and with gestosis and diabetes and newborns exposed to chronic intrauterine hypoxia were examined in order to elucidate the diagnostic value of measuring the content of low- and medium-weight molecules (MWM) in the urine in some obstetrical and gynecological abnormalities. Urinary content of MWM was increased at late terms of pregnancy (25-40 weeks). In first-degree nephropathy and type I diabetes without vascular complications the content of MWM in the urine did not change. A drop of MWM level was observed in second-third-degree nephropathy and proteinuria, which can be attributed to impaired function of the kidneys. In healthy newborns no differences in MWM content were detected during the first day of life, but in newborns exposed to chronic intrauterine hypoxia MWM level was increased. Hence, measurement of MWM level in the urine can have prognostic significance in diseases involving gestosis and fetal hypoxia.

[The characteristics of the enzyme status of the antioxidant protection and the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue and blood of rats with differing preferences for ethanol]. / Osobennosti sostoianiia fermentov antioksidantnoi zashchity i urovnia perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov tkani mozga i krovi krys s raznym predpochteniem k étanolu.

The ethanol-preferring (EP) rats have a higher level of lipid peroxidation in the brain and blood serum than the water-preferring rats. At the same time it was found that EP rats have a decreased antioxidant enzyme activity in the brain tissue (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and blood serum (ceruloplasmin and superoxide dismutase). This antioxidant status can lead to a greater sensitivity of the EP rat brain to ethanol toxicity. The increased catalase activity in blood of EP rats reflects the elevated metabolic tolerance of this group of animals to ethanol.

[Effect of ethanol and the alpha-adrenoblockader IEM-611 on the antigenic spectrum of water-soluble brain proteins of rats]. / Vliianie étanola i al'fa-adrenoblokatora IEM-611 na antigennyi spekr vodorastvorimykh belkov mozga krys.

The composition of water-soluble antigens in the brain of rats preferring ethanol or water was studied. A significant difference was found in the content of two antigens in rats preferring water or ethanol. Administration of IEM-611 changed the antigen content ot the level characteristic for animals preferring water.

[Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and level of lipid peroxidation in the embryo brain tissue during prenatal action of ethanol]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti fermentov antioksidantnoi zashchity i urovnia perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov tkani mozga émbrionov pri prenatal'nom deistvii étanola.

Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and level of lipid peroxidation in embryo brain of 13-17-th day were evaluated during ethanol consumption by pregnant rats. The level of lipid peroxidation was more higher in alcohol groups, than in control groups. At the same time the reduced glutathione content was decreased by 13% in the brain of 15-th day embryos under the same conditions. One can draw a conclusion that the elevated level of lipid peroxidation may be a consequence of activated free radical mechanisms or consequence of reduced activity of a non-enzymatic antioxidant system.

[The action of bilirubin in vitro on the antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation of the plasma and erythrocytes of cord blood]. / Deistvie bilirubina in vitro na antioksidantnuiu aktivnost' i perekisnoe okislenie lipidov plazmy i éritrotsitov pupovinnoi krovi.

Plasma and erythrocytes of cord blood were incubated with bilirubin (40-400 mkMol/l) for 30 min. This incubation resulted in reduction of lipid peroxidation both in plasma and erythrocytes. The antioxidant activity increased in erythrocytes after incubation, but decreased in plasma. It concluded that high concentration of protein-bound bilirubin and about its effect exerted an antioxidant effect and could influence the stability of blood cells.

Glutathione-dependent system of antioxidant defense in the placenta in preterm delivery.

Components of the antioxidant defense system in placental tissues were studied in women with normal pregnancy and full-term delivery and women with spontaneous abortions at 28-36 weeks. In women with spontaneous abortions glutathione peroxidase activity in placental tissues increased and the content of SH compounds decreased, which led to exhaustion of the antioxidant defense system. Glutathione-S-transferase activity also decreased, which attests to impaired detoxifying function of the placenta.

[Effect of acute alcoholic intoxication on the antigenic composition of soluble proteins in the rat brain]. / Vliianie ostroi alkogol'noi intoksikatsii na antigennyi sostav rastvorimykh belkov mozga krys.

Cross immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antigenic composition of the brain of rats preferring water, or 15% ethanol and of intermediate group animals. The rat brain showed 6 antigens, one of them was found to be neurospecific. The intermediate group animals and those preferring ethanol differed from those preferring water in that they demonstrated two antigens which were found to be neuro-nonspecific. The content of the neurospecific protein S-100 in the cerebellum measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis was demonstrated to be the same in animals preferring water and ethanol. A single intraperitoneal injection of 25% ethanol (2.5 g/kg) to the intermediate group rats brought about a change in the composition of neuro-nonspecific soluble antigens of the brain.

[Ceruloplasmin activity and content of the blood of persons with acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication]. / Aktivnost' i soderzhanie tseruloplazmina v krovi liudei pri ostroi i khronicheskoi alkogol' noi intoksikatsii.

The concentrations of the enzymatically active and immunoreactive ceruloplasmin (CP) were determined in the blood serum of healthy men by means of the spectrophotometric and immuno-electro-photometric methods. Part of the total (immunoreactive) CP (15%), circulated in the blood channel in an enzymatically inactive state. The increase of the time of suffering from chronic alcoholism from 1 to 29 years leads to the growth of the concentrations of CP possessing enzymatic activity and of immunoreactive CP. The share of the enzymatically inactive protein remains practically constant. During acute alcohol intoxication there is a temporal drop of the C1 share in enzymatically active state with a constant concentration of the total protein in the blood serum.

Effect of chronic inhalation of toluene and dioxane on activity of free radical processes in rat ovaries and brain.

The effects of toluene and dioxane inhalations on the intensity of free radical oxidation in rat ovaries and brain cortex were studied. Both toxins in a dose 10-fold surpassing the maximum permissible concentration increased activity of glutathione peroxidase in brain tissue; moreover, toluene increased chemiluminescence intensity, which attested to activation of free radical processes. In ovarian tissue toluene increased activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and the intensity of lipid peroxidation. These changes were associated with the appearance of normally absent circadian rhythm.

[Age-related changes in the activity of free-radical processes in rat tissues and blood serum]. / Vozrastnye izmeneniia aktivnosti svobodnoradikal'nykh protsessov v tkaniakh i syvorotke krovi krys.

Activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in old rats' brain was found to be decreased by 46.8% as compared to young animals. The brain concentration of Schiff bases (SB) was decreased by 13.6% in old rats, whereas concentration of diene conjugates (DC), protein peroxidation (PP), and total antioxidative activity (TAA) was the same in old as well as in young rats. The liver level of the DC and TAA was also the same. The serum level of the PP, SB, and DC was increased whereas the activity of the SOD and TAA was decreased in old rats. The findings suggest occurrence of considerable age-related changes in free radical processes as well as the organ specifics of these changes in rats.