RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder that causes copper (Cu) accumulation, leading to mainly liver, neurological and/or psychiatric manifestations. In the absence of some of the typical features, diagnosis of WD is difficult and is based on the combination of clinical, biochemical and genetic testing. The aim of this study was to illustrate the complexity of the approach to WD in daily clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with WD, including the clinical presentation, histological and biochemical findings, and follow up after treatment. We also carried out genetic testing, and the Leipzig diagnostic score was applied. RESULTS: We included 15 patients. Four were symptomatic, with liver (n=1), neurological (n=1), psychiatric (n=1) and mixed clinical manifestations (n=1), and 11 were presymptomatic, with elevated transaminases (n=8) and family study (n=3). We observed Kayser-Fleischer ring in 2 patients, both without neurologic symptoms. Ceruloplasmin ≤ 5 mg/dL was present in 73%, and 24-hour urinary Cu> 100 µg in 40%. Liver Cu was >250 µg/g.d.t. in 85% of the patients. The final diagnosis of WD was given by genetic testing (ATP7B gene mutations) in 5 patients with minimal disease features, including one symptomatic patient (psychiatric symptoms). We identified 5 previously reported mutations (p.M645R, p.R827W, p.H1069Q, p.P768L and p.G869R) and 3 unpublished mutations (p.L1313R, p.I1311T and p.A1179D); the most frequent mutation was p.M645R. After treatment, biochemical parameters (transaminases, urinary cooper) and symptoms improved, except in patients with neurological and psychiatric manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Our series illustrates the important role of genetic testing in the diagnosis of WD. The identification of the p.M645R mutation in most of our patients should be kept in mind in the molecular analysis of the ATP7B gene in our region.
Assuntos
Degeneração Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Feminino , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La infección por el virus de la hepatitis E es una causa clásica de hepatitis fulminante en la gestación que puede acarrear graves consecuencias materno-fetales. Las complicaciones fetales se derivan fundamentalmente de la transmisión vertical durante la gestación o el parto (hipotermia, hipoglucemia, hepatitis aguda, necrosis masiva hepática) y de un aumento de la prematuridad que conllevaría una mayor mortalidad neonatal. La peritonitis meconial se ha descrito como complicación de la infección materno-fetal por parvovirus B19, citomegalovirus, rubeola, virus de la hepatitis A y virus de la hepatitis B, sin que hayan sido comunicados en la bibliografía casos secundarios a la infección por virus de la hepatitis E. Presentamos el caso de una gestante de 19 semanas que ingresa por un cuadro de hepatitis aguda E, con diagnóstico fetal ecográfico prenatal compatible con peritonitis meconial (AU)
Hepatitis E virus infection is a classical cause of fulminant hepatitis during pregnancy, which can lead to severe maternal and fetal complications. Fetal complications are mainly derived from the vertical transmission during pregnancy or delivery (hypothermia, hypoglycaemia, acute hepatitis, massive liver necrosis) and from and increase in prematurity that would lead on to a greater neonatal mortality. Meconium peritonitis has been described as a complication of maternal and fetal infection by parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus, rubella, hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus. There have been no published cases relating meconium peritonitis and hepatitis E virus infection. We present the case of a 19 week pregnant woman admitted with an acute hepatitis E, with a fetal prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of meconium peritonitis (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Peritonite/complicações , Peritonite/diagnóstico , Hepatite E/complicações , Complicações na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Hepatite E/transmissão , Parvovirus B19 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Parvovirus B19 Humano/patogenicidade , Leucocitose/complicações , Leucocitose/diagnóstico , Hiperbilirrubinemia/sangue , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Ascite/diagnóstico , Hiperbilirrubinemia/complicaçõesRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Wilson (EW) es un trastorno hereditario que cursa con depósito de cobre (Cu), provocando principalmente clínica hepática, neurológica y/o psiquiátrica. Ante la ausencia de algunos de sus rasgos típicos, el diagnóstico de la EW es difícil y se basa en la combinación de pruebas clínicas, analíticas y genéticas. El objetivo del estudio fue reflejar la complejidad del diagnóstico de la EW en la práctica clínica. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de la historia clínica de los pacientes diagnosticados de EW, describiendo la presentación clínica, hallazgos histológicos, analíticos y evolución tras tratamiento. Además se hizo estudio genético y se aplicó el «score» diagnóstico de Leipzig. RESULTADOS: Incluimos un total de 15 pacientes, 4 sintomáticos: clínica hepática (1), neurológica (1), psiquiátrica (1) y mixta (1) y 11 pacientes presintomáticos: hipertransaminasemia (8) y estudio familiar (3). Se objetivó anillo Kayser-Fleischer en 2 pacientes, ambos sin clínica neurológica. El 73% presentaba ceruloplasmina ≤5mg/dL y el 40% Cuo 24h>100μg. El Cu hepático superaba los 250μg/g t.s. en el 85% de los pacientes. El estudio genético (mutaciones gen ATP7B) permitió el diagnóstico final en 5 pacientes con mínimos rasgos de la enfermedad, uno de ellos sintomático (clínica psiquiátrica). Se identificaron 5 mutaciones previamente descritas (p.M645R, p.R827W, p.H1069Q, p.P768L y p.G869R) y 3 inéditas (p.L1313R, p.I1311T y p.A1179D), siendo p.M645R la mutación más frecuentemente encontrada. Tras el tratamiento se objetivó una mejoría de los parámetros analíticos (transaminasas, cupruria) y de la sintomatología, excepto en los pacientes con clínica neuropsiquiátrica. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestra serie refleja el papel relevante del estudio genético en el diagnóstico de EW. La identificación en nuestro medio de la mutación p.M645R en la mayoría de nuestros pacientes debe tenerse en cuenta en la estrategia para el análisis molecular del gen ATP7B en nuestra población
BACKGROUND: Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder that causes copper (Cu) accumulation, leading to mainly liver, neurological and/or psychiatric manifestations. In the absence of some of the typical features, diagnosis of WD is difficult and is based on the combination of clinical, biochemical and genetic testing. The aim of this study was to illustrate the complexity of the approach to WD in daily clinical practice. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with WD, including the clinical presentation, histological and biochemical findings, and follow up after treatment. We also carried out genetic testing, and the Leipzig diagnostic score was applied. RESULTS: We included 15 patients. Four were symptomatic, with liver (n=1), neurological (n=1), psychiatric (n=1) and mixed clinical manifestations (n=1), and 11 were presymptomatic, with elevated transaminases (n=8) and family study (n=3). We observed Kayser-Fleischer ring in 2 patients, both without neurologic symptoms. Ceruloplasmin ≤5mg/dL was present in 73%, and 24-hour urinary Cu>100μg in 40%. Liver Cu was >250μg/g.d.t. in 85% of the patients. The final diagnosis of WD was given by genetic testing (ATP7B gene mutations) in 5 patients with minimal disease features, including one symptomatic patient (psychiatric symptoms). We identified 5 previously reported mutations (p.M645R, p.R827W, p.H1069Q, p.P768L and p.G869R) and 3 unpublished mutations (p.L1313R, p.I1311T and p.A1179D); the most frequent mutation was p.M645R. After treatment, biochemical parameters (transaminases, urinary cooper) and symptoms improved, except in patients with neurological and psychiatric manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Our series illustrates the important role of genetic testing in the diagnosis of WD. The identification of the p.M645R mutation in most of our patients should be kept in mind in the molecular analysis of the ATP7B gene in our region
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Degeneração Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Ceruloplasmina/análise , Cobre/análise , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Marcadores GenéticosRESUMO
Introducción: El infliximab (IFX), un anticuerpo quimérico contra el factor de necrosis tumoralalfa, es utilizado en el tratamiento de pacientes con diversas enfermedades inflamatorias, pero puede originar la formación de anticuerpos antiquiméricos humanos (HACA). La presencia de HACA y niveles séricos de IFX bajos se han asociado con falta o pérdida de respuesta y con laaparición de reacciones infusionales. Evaluamos la utilidad de la cuantificación de IFX y HACA. Material y métodos: IFX y HACA se midieron utilizando una técnica ELISA relativamente nueva en una cohorte de 110 pacientes tratados con IFX. Se recogieron muestras de suero inmediatamente antes de la siguiente infusión del fármaco. Los pacientes habían recibido una mediana de dosis de 5 mg/kg, con intervalos de dosis ajustados a la actividad de la enfermedad, habitualmente cada 8 semanas. La mediana del número de infusiones fue 17. Resultados: Los HACA se detectaron en 10 pacientes y se midieron concentraciones terapéuticas de IFX en 37 casos. Ocho de los 10 pacientes con HACA positivos tenían trastornos digestivos y en 9 de ellos el tratamiento fue suspendido. El uso concomitante de inmunosupresores no redujo el riesgo de formación de HACA. Entre los 100 pacientes sin HACA, 79 continuaron con la misma dosis, 16 requirieron un ajuste de dosis, en 2 se suspendió el tratamiento y 3 pacientes fueron cambiados a otro agente biológico. Conclusiones: Las concentraciones de IFX y HACA en sangre deberían ser monitorizadas en pacientes que reciben IFX, ya que puede ser útil para optimizar los regímenes de dosis o evitar el uso de terapias inadecuadas (AU)
Introduction: infliximab (IFX), a chimeric antibody against tumour necrosis factor-alpha, is used in the treatment of patients with several inflammatory diseases, but it can lead to the formation of human anti-chimeric antibodies (HACA). HACA and low IFX serum levels have been associated with lack or loss of response, and infusion reactions. The usefulness of measuring the IFX and HACA concentrations is evaluated. Material and methods: IFX and HACA were measured using a relatively new ELISA technique in a cohort of 110 patients treated with IFX. Serum samples were collected immediately before patients were given the next drug infusion. The patients had received a median dose of 5 mg/kg, with dose intervals adjusted to the patients disease activity, usually every 8 weeks. The median number of infusions was 17. Results: HACA were identified in 10 patients, and therapeutic IFX concentrations were observedin 37 patients. Eight out of 10 positive HACA patients had gastrointestinal disorders, and thetherapy was discontinued in 9 of them. The concomitant use of immunosuppressants did not reduce the risk of HACA formation. Among 100 patients with no HACA, 79 continued on the same dose, 16 required a dose adjustment, 2 discontinued treatment, and 3 were switched toanother biological agent. onclusions: Blood IFX and HACA concentrations should be monitored in patients receiving IFX, as it may be useful to optimize dose regimens or avoid use of inadequate therapy (AU)