BaSDAS: a web-based pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening data analysis system

We developed the BaSDAS (Barcode-Seq Data Analysis System), a GUI-based pooled knockout screening data analysis system, to facilitate the analysis of pooled knockout screen data easily and effectively by researchers with limited bioinformatics skills. The BaSDAS supports the analysis of various pooled screening libraries, including yeast, human, and mouse libraries, and provides many useful statistical and visualization functions with a user-friendly web interface for convenience. We expect that BaSDAS will be a useful tool for the analysis of genome-wide screening data and will support the development of novel drugs based on functional genomics information.

BaSDAS: a web-based pooled CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening data analysis system

We developed the BaSDAS (Barcode-Seq Data Analysis System), a GUI-based pooled knockout screening data analysis system, to facilitate the analysis of pooled knockout screen data easily and effectively by researchers with limited bioinformatics skills. The BaSDAS supports the analysis of various pooled screening libraries, including yeast, human, and mouse libraries, and provides many useful statistical and visualization functions with a user-friendly web interface for convenience. We expect that BaSDAS will be a useful tool for the analysis of genome-wide screening data and will support the development of novel drugs based on functional genomics information.

Bile Acid Nuclear Receptor Farnesoid X Receptor: Therapeutic Target for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the causes of fatty liver, occurring when fat is accumulated in the liver without alcohol consumption. NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in advanced countries. NAFLD is a spectrum of pathology involving hepatic steatosis with/without inflammation and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with accumulation of hepatocyte damage and hepatic fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that NAFLD results in the progression of cryptogenic cirrhosis that leads to hepatocarcinoma and cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure. The main causes of NAFLD have not been revealed yet, metabolic syndromes including obesity and insulin resistance are widely accepted for the critical risk factors for the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are transcriptional factors that sense environmental or hormonal signals and regulate expression of genes, involved in cellular growth, development, and metabolism. Several NRs have been reported to regulate genes involved in energy and xenobiotic metabolism and inflammation. Among various NRs, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is abundantly expressed in the liver and a key regulator to control various metabolic processes in the liver. Recent studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with inappropriate function of FXR. The impact of FXR transcriptional activity in NAFLD is likely to be potential therapeutic strategy, but still requires to elucidate underlying potent therapeutic mechanisms of FXR for the treatment of NAFLD. This article will focus the physiological roles of FXR and establish the correlation between FXR transcriptional activity and the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

SFannotation: A Simple and Fast Protein Function Annotation System

Owing to the generation of vast amounts of sequencing data by using cost-effective, high-throughput sequencing technologies with improved computational approaches, many putative proteins have been discovered after assembly and structural annotation. Putative proteins are typically annotated using a functional annotation system that uses extant databases, but the expansive size of these databases often causes a bottleneck for rapid functional annotation. We developed SFannotation, a simple and fast functional annotation system that rapidly annotates putative proteins against four extant databases, Swiss-Prot, TIGRFAMs, Pfam, and the non-redundant sequence database, by using a best-hit approach with BLASTP and HMMSEARCH.

Effects of Propofol on Phenylephrine Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction in Rat Thoracic Aorta / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: Propofol decreases arterial blood pressure. This has been ascribed to vasodilation and decreased cardiac output occuring separately or in combination. The goal of the present study was to assess the effects of propofol on the phenylephrine induced vasoconstriction in rat thoracic aortic rings. METHODS: All aortic rings were removed endothelium and isometric tension was recorded under a resting tension of 3 g. Isolated aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (0.3micrometer) and propofol (1 to 100micrometer) was added cumulatively. We induced the phenylephrine preconstriction after treatment of verapamil 10micrometer in the other vascular rings. RESULTS: Propofol (1 to 100micrometer) attenuated phenylephrine (0.3micrometer) induced preconstriction dose-dependently. The administration of propofol (1 and 10micrometer) did not change the tonic constriction. The contractile response were significantly attenuated in verapamil pretreated rings but propofol did not affect on constriction in all dose range. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol attenuated phenylephrine precontracted rat thoracic aortic rings with inhibition of Ca2+ movement through the L-type calcium channel in the sarcolemmal membrane.

Effeets of Inhalazion Anesthetsia on the Blood Sugar Level in the Rabbit / 대한마취과학회지

This experiment was attemptel to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane on the blood sugar level of the rabbit, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes after start of anesthesia with ether halothane and methoxyflurane by a non-rebreathing system. Comparision was made between preanesthetic and postanesthetic levels of blood sugar and the following results were obtained. In the ether anesthesia group, the blood sugar level 15 minutes after anesthesia was increased and decreased gradualley a anesthesia was progressed. In the halothane group, the blood sugar level was increased 5 minutes after anesthesia, and then decreased more rapidly than in other groups. Blood sugar levels 60 minutes after anesthesia had returned to preanesthetic levels in all groups. As the above result shows, blood sugar levels were revealed to have a tendency to increase during induction of anesthesia, and then returned gradually to the preanesthetic level during maintenence of anesthesia.

The Failure to Regain Consiciouseness after General Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

A 4 years old Korean male child was presented with delay of regaining consciousness after general anesthesia for the correction of the right hand deformity and limitation of motion. In 1961 Frederich described the failure to regain consciousness after general anesthesia. 1.Hypoxia. 2. Excess of CO2.3. Anesthetic overdose, surgical shock, hypotension. 4. Miscellaneous factors: cerebro-vascular accidents, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, uremia, hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, electrolyte imbalance. In this case, we believed that hypoxia was responsible for this complication.

Clinical Observation of Blood Pressure Changes During General Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

During the past three years, in 1,607 selected general anesthetic cases, the authors have observed the influence of various drugs used in anesthesia and the patient's physical status upon the blood pressure during and immediately following endotracheal intubation. The results are as follows: 1) Blood pressure was higher during and for a period of 10 minutes after intubation than the control. 2) In the cases premedicated with Demerol and atropine intubation. Following intubation, however, blood pressure halothane anesthesia. 3) In patients with poor physical status, blood pressure more following intubation when either halothane or ether was employed. 4) Patients with poor physical status seemed to tolerate, considering the blood pressure change, ether better than holothane anesthesia.5) In the beginning of induction, blood pressure tended to fall less with gallamine than with succinylcholine chloride.

Changes of Patient`s Condition during Open Heart Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

Mean arterial pressure, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, bicarbonate and base-excess in connection with disease and anesthetic periods were measured in 49 cases of open heart anesthesia which were perfarmed between 1976 and 1979 in the Department of Anesthesiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine. The following results were obtained in the mean values of total cases. Mean arterial pressure was decreased but PaO2 was progreasively increased with increased anesthetic time. PaCO2, was slightly decreased following anesthetic time, especially on total bypass. The pH was progressively increased from the time of partial bypass. Base excesa and bicarbonate were decreased before bypass but gradually increased from partial bypass and reached a peak after bypass. The TOF group showed the lowest values of mean arterial pressure, PaO2, and pH among the other groups, and resulted in the poorest patient's condition. In the other hand, the miscellaneous group showed the lowest values of PaCO2, no increased bicarbonate, and became the best condition among the other groups. Metabolic acidotic change persisted during the initial period but gradually changed to an alkaIotic tendency after bypass.

Effect of Anesthetics on Protein Content of Alveolar Washings of Rabbits / 대한마취과학회지

In an attempt to observe possible effects of ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia on the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings in rabbits, the animals were subjected to moderate afiestbesia with ether, halotbane and methoxyflurane by a non- rebreathing system for one hour. A comparison was made of the protein contents of tracheobronchial washings and the ,results are summarized as follows; 1) The average protein contents of tracheobronchial washings of normal rabbits was 85. 8 +/-27. 44 umg/ml. 2) Increased protein contents of tracheobronchial washings were observed after ether, halothane and methoxyflurane anesthesia compared with the normal. It is concluded that inhalation anesthesia stimulates secreting glands of the tracheobronchial lumen.

Clinical Observation of Hemodilution in Intracranial Operation / 대한마취과학회지

We have attempted to evaluate the clinical usefulness of hemodilution in intracranial operation. The studies were carried out on 10 patients undergoing operation for intracranial aneurysm. We performed hemodilution with Normodex and Rheomacrodex and removal of arterial blood through a cannulated radial artery and intraoperative autotransfusion with arterial blood. We observed mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and arterial blood gas analysis after removal of arterial blood with hemodilution and autotransfusion and compared them to controls. There were no significant changes in arterial blood gas analysis. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly changed from controls after removal of arterial blood with hemodilution. Hemodilution methods served a very useful purpose and were safe procedures in intracranial aneurysm operation.

Changes of Liver Function after Thyroidectomy in Patients Recieving Halothane and Enflurane / 대한마취과학회지

The livers can influence the distribution of the thyroid hormones between the intrace-llular and extracellular compartments, In order to evaluate the changes of liter function following thyroid surgery, 52 patients were chosen at random and divided into 4 groups i.e. 1) Thyroid cancer group, 2) non toxic nodular goiter group, 3) the group treated with T3 and T4, and 4) the group net treated with T3 and T4. The values of SGOT and LDH isoensrmes were measures before operration(control va lues), 1 day and 3 dars after operation. We analyzed the results according to anesthetic agents. The results were as follows : In the patients recieving halothane, the values of SGOT was 24.31+/-9.05 U/l at control. Those at 3 days after operation were 30.35+/-11,65 U/l (P<0.05) . The Values of LDH5 were 5.36+/-3.31% at control, 8.24+/-3. 80 at 1 day, 7.32+/-0.09% at 3 darts(p<0.75). In the group treated with T3 and T4, the values of_SGOT were 23.82+/-8.91 U/l at control, 37.84+/-13.51 U/l at 3 days(p<0.05). The values of LDH5 were 3.89+/-2.89% at control, 8.06+/-4.13 at 3 dara(P<0.05). In other groups in cluding these patients recieving enflurane, postoperative SGOT, SGPT and LDH isoengrmes levels were insignificant compared with preoperative value.

Changes of Plasma ADH and beta-endorphin Levels during General Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

The purposes of this study were to investigate the changes of plasma ADH and beta-endo-rphin levels during general anesthesia. Tweleve patients, who had surgery at Krungpook National University Hospital, were selected without specific hepatic, renal and other endocrinologic disorders. The patients were anesthetized with thiopental sodium and succinylcholine chloride followed by O2-N2O-ha1othane(4 cases), anti O2-N2O-enflurane(8 cases) , The plasma ADH and beta endorphin levels were chocked before anesthesia(control group), 20 minutes after endotracheal intubation, 20 minutes after surgical incision and at recovery roam when the patients responded to the pain. The plasma ADH levels were 5.69+/-2.19, 12.72+/-14.90. 11.47+/-9.62 and 24.42+/-23.23 ru/ml, respectively. It were progressively incresed and significantly incresed at recovery room (P<0.05). The Plasma beta endorphin levels were 4.1+/-3.54, 6.44+/-3.75, 6.68+/-3.90 and 17.88 +/-12.08 Pmol/l, resPectiTely. Plasma beta endorphin levels at 20 minutes after endotracheal intubation and 20 minutes after surgical incision were significantly increased(p<0.05) and it was very significantly increased at recovery room(P<0.01) . Albo serum electrrolytes(Na+, K+, Cl-, CO2-) were evaluated, but statistically or clinically not significant. Urine electrolytes(Na+, K+) and osmolality were evaluated before, during and after ane Sthesia, but statistically not significant. From the view of inhalation anesthetics, there were no diffrences between halothane and enflurane in plasma ADH and beta endorphin levels.

Peroneal Nerve Palsy following Ureterolithotomy ( in a patient with diabetes history ) / 대한마취과학회지

We have experience with one case of peroneal nerve palsy following ureterolithotomy in a 63-year old male patient who has suffered from diabetes and hypertension since 5 years ago. He also has suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis for 30 years. On admission, he had pain, numbness, and burning sensations in the lower extrernities. Blood pressure was 200/100 mm Hg and fasting blood glucose was 165 mg/100 ml. Urinary glucose was ++ by Klini test. Premedication was done by chloropromazine(39mg) and atropine(0. 6mg) intramuscularly. General anesthesia was begun with thiopental, pancuronium and SCC, and maintained with halothane and N2O by semi-closed circle system. Ureterolithotomy was performed with the patient in right kidney position for 3 hours and 20 minutes, Two days post-operatively, we noticed right foot-drop and limitation of dorsiflexion of the great toe. The patient recovered after physiotheraphy for 3 months. The incidence of nerve palsy is very low in patients without complications but we note that diabetes can be a factor in nerve palsy.

A Case of General Anesthesia for a Patient of Congenital` Esophageal Atresia with Tracheo-esophageal Fistula / 대한마취과학회지

The authors have experienced a case of general anesthesia for a patient of congenital esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula. Paramount importance of particular attention to the maintenance of patent airway and the removal of secretions whenever necessary for the patient's safety throughout anesthetic and postonesthetic period has been stressed. General anesthetics which irritate the respiratory tract and increase secretions must be avoided. Keeping the patient in an incubator with oxygen and humidity after anesthesia is recommended. In case of respiratory distress due to gastric dilatation, gastrostomy under local anesthesia before operation may be helpful.

Laryngeal Granuloma Following General Anesthesia and Anesthetic Experience for Resection of Granuloma - A case report / 대한마취과학회지

The authors have been experienced a case of laryngeal granuloma following endotracheal anesthesia which is rare in children and have used two different method of general anesthesia for resection of granuloma. These two methods are; 1) using endotracheal tube insertion for general anesthesia. 2) applying general anesthesia via under mask. Comparing with two different methods of general anesthesia, we come to the conclusion that the former is more reliable for clinical anesthesia because of supplying continuous positive pressure with oxygen and anesthetics in spite of poor operation field.

Changes of Blood Glucose Levels in Open Heart Surgery Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

Thirty-two patients who had open heart surgery at Kyugpook National University hospital from October 1984 to February 1985, were studied for blood glucose level at 30 minutes after anesthetic induction, at the time of total bypass, on partial bypass, and 1 hour after bypass. Also these values were studied in relation to various disease entities such as A(V)SD, TOF and M(A)S(I) groups. The results were as follows. The values of the control group(30minute after anesthetic induction.) were 104.6+/-21.98mg%, those at the end of total bypass were 213.7+/-42.52mg%, those at the end of partial bypass were 239.5+/-59.95mg%, and the values 1 hour after bypass were 201.9+/-45.51mg%. The values at the end of total and partial bypass were significantly increased compared with those at 30minute after anesthetic induction(p<0.50). Among the disease groups, TOF group had a tendency for a more elevated blood glucose level than the othe groups(A(V)SD, M(A)S(I)). When the bypass extended beyond 90 minutes the blood glucose level was higher than in those under bypass for less than 90 minute.

Clinical Observation of Changing Rulse Rate during Induction of Pediatric General Anesthesia with Halothane and Nitrous Oxide / 대한마취과학회지

The author observed pulse rate change in various conditions of halothanenitrous oxide general anesthesia i.e. before premedication, before anesthesis, after intubation and before operation in 200 anesthetic cases of children aging from birth to 16 years old at department of anesthesia of K.U.H. since last 3 years. The following results were obtained, 1. It revealed increased pulse rate after premedication than before and particularly, group A was more remarkable in all groups. 2. It revealed slight decreased pulse rate after intubation. 3. It revealed decreased pulse rate at surgical stage of anesthesia, but pulse rate was increased comparing with before premedication in all groups. 4. The younger, the more variable pulse rate were obtained from ward by administering of drugs or anesthesia in all groups.

Brachial Plexus Paralysis and Radial Nerve Paralysis Following General Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

Two cases of upper extremity paralysis following general anesthesia due to malposition paralysis are reported. The one case is brachial plexus paralysis following general anesthesia for hemicoleetomys and the other case is radial nerve paralysis following general anesthesia for radical hysterectomy. In the above two cases, there was not any neurological disease and no trauma history before operation. There was no specific finding in the labaratory test and X-rays. Other authors reported that most of postoperative nerve damage was due to irritating drugs, trauma, hypotension, hypoxia, hypothermia, diabetus mellitus. and malposition. But in the above two cases, we believed that there was no causative factors except malposition.

Clinical Observation of Blood Pressure Changes During Spinal Anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

In an attempt to observe the influence of the spinal anesthesia on the systolic blood pressure, 350 cases of the spinal anesthesia ranging from 16 to 60 years of age were analyzed. The spinal anesthetics in this study was hyperbaric solution of 0.5% tetracaine in 6 or 10% D/W. The 350 cases were put into 4 groups by their preanesthetic systolic blood pressure and by post anesthetic dermatome of sensory block, and then the alteration of blood pressure in systolic of each group was studied. The results obtained are as follows. 1) The maximal fall of blood pressure was seen at 10 min. after spinal anesthesia. 2) Of the groups of the same sensory block dermatome, the fall of the more prominent in the higher initial systolic blood pressure group. 3) Of the groups of the same initial systolic blood pressure, the fall of was more prominent in the higher sensory block dermatome group. 4) The most prominent fall of the systolic blood pressure during spinal anesthesia was seen on the highest sensory block dermatome and initial systolic blood pressure.