Three-dimensional changes to the upper airway after maxillomandibular advancement with counterclockwise rotation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of counterclockwise (CCW) rotation and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) on the upper airway space using three-dimensional images. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, and OpenGrey databases (end date July 2016); a hand-search of primary study reference lists was also conducted. The inclusion criteria encompassed computed tomography evaluations of the upper airway spaces of adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery with CCW rotation and MMA. The articles were evaluated for risk of bias with a tool for before-and-after studies. A meta-analysis was performed with the mean differences using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Q-test and the I2 index. The meta-analysis revealed significant (P<0.001) increases in both the total airway volume (effect size of 6832mm3 and confidence interval of 5554-8109mm3) and the minimum axial area (effect size of 92mm2 and confidence interval of 70-113mm2). The heterogeneity was low in both comparisons (I2=38% and 7%, respectively). The technique of mandibular advancement with CCW rotation produced significant increases in the volumes and areas of the upper airway spaces.

The ability of topical and systemic statins to increase osteogenesis around dental implants: a systematic review of histomorphometric outcomes in animal studies.

The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the quantitative histomorphometric outcomes of animal studies investigating statins as a pro-osteogenic agent to enhance the osseointegration of dental implants. Some animal studies have suggested a beneficial action of statins on bone tissue. Electronic and manual literature searches, without date or language restriction, ​​were performed by two independent review authors up to February 2017. Eligibility criteria included animal trials quantitatively analysing the pro-osteogenic effect of statins on dental implants. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the ARRIVE guidelines. The search and selection process yielded 12 studies, published between 2004 and 2015. The experimental animals models used were rats and dogs. The statins used in the studies were simvastatin and fluvastatin, which were administered locally or systemically, or applied to the implant surface. All of the selected studies showed a statistically significant positive effect of statins on bone formation around implants. The mean quality assessment score (ARRIVE) of the studies was 11.5±2.27 out of a possible total of 25 points. The histomorphometric data from available preclinical studies suggest a positive effect of statins on increasing osteogenesis around dental implants.