Efficacy of imidacloprid/flumethrin collar in preventing canine leishmaniosis in Brazil.

The Leishmania infantum (synonym, Leishmania chagasi) causes life-threatening infection, namely canine leishmaniosis (CanL), which is a chronic zoonosis prevalent in various countries and spread by the bite of the infected Lutzomyia female sandfly in South America. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a polymer matrix collar containing made up of 10% imidacloprid and 4.5% flumethrin for the prevention of canine leishmaniosis from the hyperendemic region falling under Araçatuba municipality (Brazil). The research included a total of 146 dogs chosen from 75 households. Test were initiated via physical examination; weighing and biological sample collection (blood, popliteal lymph node and conjunctival swab) of these dogs were done in March 2018 (Day 0; GA, control = 69, GB, treated = 77) to initiate laboratory tests. Post-inclusion, the animals were monitored on the 120th, 240th, 360th and 480th days, respectively. The usage of collars continued between 0 and 480 days before being substituted in second (D240) and fourth (D480) follow-up visits. On the whole, 25 dogs in GA (36.2%) and three in GB (3.9%) were found positive for L. infantum infection in a minimum of one diagnostic test used in the research. Therefore, the average collar effectiveness for protection from L. infantum infection was 89.2% (p < .01). In the last follow-up, the average incidence density rate for GA was 30.7%, whereas for GB, it was 2.9%. The imidacloprid/flumethrin collars evaluated in the research were found to be safe and extremely efficient for the prevention of L. infantum infection through Lutzomyia species among the large population of dogs in highly prone endemic regions. This is a dependable and efficient technique aimed at reducing the occurrence and propagation of this illness among the population of canines, which would eventually reduce the human-health-related hazards. In Brazil, Lutzomyia spp. is a leading vector of the infection; thus, the collar can be used to limit infection in dogs and humans.

Control of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: A Success Case Based on Deltamethrin 4% Collars.

The effect of employing collars impregnated with deltamethrin 4% (DM4) to control canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was evaluated. as were the individual factors associated with this infection. A cohort study that included household dogs was conducted between 2002 and 2006. The presence of pathognomonic signals, peridomiciliary sleep habits and breed were the main factors associated with the infection. The use of DM4 collars contributed to the reduction of CVL with an effectiveness of 66%, and the dogs' survival rate was greater than 90% at 50 months. In conclusion, the adoption of DM4 collars reduced the number of euthanized canines and in the incidence of CVL, and this reduction was sustained for one year after discontinuing the use of the collar.

Perfil epidemiológico da dengue de 2017 a 2022 na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo / Epidemiological profile of dengue from 2017 to 2022 in the northwest region of the state of Sao Paulo

Introdução: A dengue se destaca por apresentar um perfil epidemiológico endêmico e um grave problema de saúde pública. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a situação epidemiológica da dengue nos 40 municípios pertencentes ao Departamento Regional de Saúde II (DRS II) de Araçatuba (SP) de 2017 a 2022, período em que ocorreu a pandemia de Covid-19, e o impacto dessa doença na ocorrência de dengue no mesmo período. Métodos: Foram coletados os dados, provenientes do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), do DATASUS/TABNET e da fundação SEADE e realizados testes estatísticos. Além disso, utilizando as ferramentas ARIMA e forecast ­ para indicar existência de correlação entre as doenças ­, foi realizada uma predição de como seria o perfil da dengue caso não houvesse a pandemia. A predição foi comparada com os resultados reais. Resultados: No período estudado ocorreram 94.969 casos de dengue nos 40 municípios avaliados, com aumento de óbitos acompanhando o aumento de casos. Foi observado que, com os casos da Covid-19 e das mobilizações para o combate à pandemia, ocorreu uma queda brusca nos casos de dengue que perdurou até 2021; a predição variou do real em 42%. Conclusão: Com os resultados obtidos neste estudo foi possível compreender a situação epidemiológica da dengue na região estudada e o impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 no seu perfil. Esses dados podem ajudar o poder público a planejar ações para o controle dessa doença.

Introduction: Dengue stands out for presenting an endemic epidemiological profile and being a serious Public Health problem. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological situation of Dengue in the 40 municipalities belonging to the Regional Health Department II (DRS II) of Araçatuba-SP, during the years 2017 to 2022, which included the pandemic period, also aiming to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on Dengue occurrence during the same period. Methods: For this purpose, statistical data described in DATASUS/TABNET, from SINAN and SEADE foundation, were collected. Tests and case prediction were=-3performed using the ARIMA and Forecast tools to verify the relationship between the diseases, generating a prediction of what the Dengue profile would be if the pandemic had not occurred, and comparing the forecast with the actual results. Results: During the studied period, there were 94,969 cases of Dengue in the 40 trained municipalities, with an increase in deaths accompanying the rise in cases. It was observed that with the emergence of Covid-19 cases and mobilizations to combat the pandemic, there was a sharp decline in Dengue cases that persisted until 2021, with the prediction varying from reality by 42%. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study allowed understanding the epidemiological situation of Dengue in the scientific region and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profile of this disease. These data can assist the public authorities in planning action s for the control of this disease.