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(1) Objective: This study analyzes the evolution of the body mass index (BMI) throughout the academic year associated with changes in the lifestyle associated with the place where students live during the course, lifestyle design, and health strategies for the university community. (2) Methods: A total of 93 first-year nursing students participated in this study. Data were collected throughout the course by administering self-reported questionnaires about eating habits and lifestyles, weight, and height to calculate their BMI and place of residence throughout the course. Data were analyzed using statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney, chi-square, Student's t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and least significant difference tests). (3) Results: We found that the mean BMI increases significantly throughout the course among all students regardless of sex, age, eating habits, or where they live during the course. At the beginning of the course, the mean BMI was 22.10 ± 3.64. The mean difference between the beginning of the course and the middle has a value of p-value < 0.015 and between the middle of the course and the end a p-value < 0.009. The group that increased the most is found among students who continue to live in the family nucleus rather than those who live alone or in residence. Students significantly changed their eating and health habits, especially those who live alone or in residence. (4) Conclusions: There is an increase in BMI among students. It is necessary to carry out seminars or talks that can help students understand the importance of good eating practices and healthy habits to maintain their weight and, therefore, their health, in the short, medium, and long term and acquire a good quality of life.
RESUMO
La obesidad infantil ha incrementado su prevalencia en España, y aunque se considera un problema multifactorial, es atribuible principalmente al aumento de la ingesta y la disminución de la actividad física por un ocio sedentario mayor. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad infantil en la Zona Básica de Salud (ZBS) de Menasalbas (Toledo, España), y la influencia de los hábitos alimentarios, de actividad física y deporte, y de ocio sedentario. Se realizó un estudio transversal en la población escolarizada de 3 a 12 años de la ZBS de Menasalbas, tomando medidas de peso y talla a 725 menores, calculando su IMC y clasificando su estado ponderal según las tablas de Cole. También se recogieron datos referentes a sus hábitos alimentarios y cuestionario Kidmed de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, y hábitos de actividad física y ocio sedentario, para estudiar su relación con el estado ponderal de los menores. La prevalencia de sobrecarga ponderal (suma de prevalencias de sobrepeso y obesidad) fue del 24,9%, con un 18,8% de sobrepeso y un 6,1% de obesidad, sin diferencias por edad y sexo. No se observaron diferencias respecto a los hábitos alimentarios, pero si una menor actividad física y un mayor ocio sedentario en aquellos con sobrecarga ponderal. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestra población es elevada, aunque menor a las de otros trabajos. La alimentación, la actividad física y el ocio sedentario influenciaron el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en este estudio(AU)
Childhood obesity has increased its prevalence in Spain, and although it´s considered a multifactorial problem, it is mainly attributable to increased intake and decreased physical activity due to increased sedentary leisure. The objective of this study was to know the prevalence of overweight and childhood obesity in the Basic Health Zone (ZBS) of Menasalbas (Toledo, Spain), and the influence of eating habits, physical activity and sport, and sedentary entertainment. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the school children of 3 to 12 years of age in the ZBS of Menasalbas, taking weight and height measurements for 725 minors, calculating their BMI and classifying their weight status according to Cole´s tables. Data regarding their eating habits and Kidmed questionnaire of adherence to the mediterranean diet, physical activity habits and sedentary leisure habits were also collected, to study its relationship with the weigh status of minors. The prevalence of weight overload (understood as the sum of the prevalence of overweight and obesity) was 24.9% , with 18.8% overweight and 6.1% of obesity, with no differences by age and sex. No differences were observed regarding eating habits, but less physical activity and a more sedentary leisure in those with weight overload was observed. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in our population is high, although lower than reported in other works. Diet, physical activity and sedentary leisure are confirmed as fundamental aspects in childhood overweight and obesity(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Estado Nutricional , Sobrepeso , Obesidade Infantil , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Peso-Estatura , Alimentação Escolar , Ingestão de Energia , HiperfagiaRESUMO
La incidencia de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) oscila entre 2-15 casos/1.000 habitantes/año, siendo más elevada en los mayores de 65 años o en pacientes con co-morbilidades. En los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH) supone hasta el 1,35% de las atenciones. Aproximadamente el 75% de todas las NAC diagnosticadas son atendidas en los SUH. La NAC representa el origen de la mayoría de sepsis y shock sépticos diagnosticados en los SUH, la principal causa de muerte y de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por enfermedad infecciosa. Se le atribuye una mortalidad global del 10-14% según la edad y factores de riesgo asociados. El 40-60% de las NAC requerirán ingreso hospitalario, incluyendo las áreas de observación (con rangos muy variables del 22-65% según centros, época del año y características de los pacientes), y de ellos entre el 2-10% será en la UCI. De todo lo dicho se traduce la importancia que tiene la NAC en los SUH, y también del "impacto de la atención en urgencias sobre el enfermo con NAC", al ser el dispositivo donde se toman las decisiones iniciales, pero fundamentales, para la evolución del proceso. Es conocida la gran variabilidad entre los clínicos en el manejo de los aspectos diagnóstico-terapéuticos en la NAC, lo que constituye una de las razones que explican las grandes diferencias en las tasas de ingreso, de consecución del diagnóstico microbiológico, solicitud de estudios complementarios, la elección de la pauta antimicrobiana o la diversidad de cuidados aplicados. En este sentido, la implementación de las guías de práctica clínica con el uso de las escalas pronósticas de gravedad y las nuevas herramientas disponibles en los SUH como lo son los biomarcadores pueden mejorar la atención del paciente con NAC en los SUH. Por ello, a partir de un grupo multidisciplinar de profesionales de urgencias y especialistas que participan en el proceso asistencial de la NAC, se ha diseñado esta guía clínica con diversas recomendaciones para las decisiones y momentos clave en proceso de atención del paciente con NAC en Urgencias
The incidence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) ranges from 2-15 cases / 1,000 inhabitants / year, being higher in those older than 65 years and in patients with high co-morbidity. Around 75% of all CAP diagnosed are treated in the Emergency Department (ED). The CAP represents the main cause for sepsis and septic shock in ED, and the most frequent cause of death and admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to infectious disease. Overall mortality is 10-14% according to age and associated risk factors. Forty to 60% of CAP will require hospital admission, including observation units (with very variable ranges from 22-65% according to centers, seasonal of the year and patients' characteristics). Between the admissions, 2-10% will be in the ICU. All of previously mentioned reflects the importance of the CAP in the ED, as well as the "impact of the emergency care on the patient with CAP", as it is the establishment where the initial, but key decisions, are made and could condition the outcome of the illness. It is known the great variability among physicians in the diagnostic and therapeutic management of CAP, which is one of the reasons that explains the great differences in the admission rates, achievement of the microbiological diagnosis, request for complementary studies, the choice of antimicrobial treatment, or the diversity of applied care. In this sense, the implementation of clinical practice guidelines with the use of the severity scores and the new tools available, such as biomarkers, can improve patient care with CAP in ED. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of emergency professionals and specialists involved in the care process of CAP has designed a guideline with several recommendations for decisions-making during the key moments in patients with CAP attended in the ED
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/terapia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/normas , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/normas , Pneumonia/terapia , Prognóstico , Conferências de Consenso como Assunto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Guias como Assunto , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Hospitalização , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologiaRESUMO
Objetivos. Conocer qué proporción de las mujeres que consultan en atención primaria sufren situaciones de violencia doméstica, así como las características clínicas y sociodemográficas asoiadas. Diseño. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento. Consultas de atención primaria rurales y urbanas. Participantes. Muestreo consecutivo de mujeres de 18 o más años, con pareja sentimental actual o que hubiesen tenido pareja en el pasado. Mediciones y resultados principales. Se diseñó un cuestionario que incluía variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes patológicos y de consumo de tóxicos, respuesta a la versión abreviada del Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST), asi como un cuestionario autoadministrable sobre situaciones de abuso. Un 26,2% (IC 95%: 21,7-31,1%) presentó un resultado positivo del WAST y 25,9 % (IC95%: 21,3-30,9%) admitió situaciones de abuso, físico, emocional o sexual, actual (11,7%)o pasado (17,4%). La concordancia en las respuestas a ambos cuestionarios fue baja(Kappa: 0,53).Mediante análisis de regresión logística se encontró que el modelo que mejor predice la existencia de abuso incluye las variables etnia (OR: 0,14 -IC 95%: 0,06-0,34- para las caucásicas españolas) y estado civil (OR: 0,10 -IC95%: 0,04-0,24- y OR: 0,09 -IC95%: 0,04-0,21- para solteras/viudas y casadas/pareja estable, respectivamente, comparado con el grupo de separadas/divorciadas).Conclusiones: Una elevada proporción de mujeres que consultan en atención primaria han sufrido situaciones de violencia en el ámbito doméstico. Además de la sospecha clínica, es necesario disponer de algún instrumento de cribado o detección precoz para el diagnóstico de violencia contra la mujer (AU)
Objectives. To determine what percentage of women who attend primary care clinics suffer domestic violence and the womens associated clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Design. Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study. Setting. Rural and urban primary care centers. Participants. Consecutive sample of woman aged 18 years or over, who has a partner or had a partner in the past. Meaurements and main results. A questionnaire was designed that included socio-demographic variables, disease history and history of substance abuse. The short version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST), and a self-administered questionnaire on abuse situations were also used. Twenty six point two percent (95% CI: 21.7-31.1%) had a positive WAST result and 25.9 %(95% CI: 21.3-30.9%) admitted to physical, emotional and sexual abuse by their partner at the present time (11.7%) or in the past (17.4%) The concordance of the responses to the two questionnaires was low (Kappa: 0.53).Logistic regression analysis revealed that the model that best predicts the existence of abuse included ethnic variables (OR: 0.14 -95%CI: 0.06-0.34- for Spanish Caucasian women)and marital status (OR: 0.10 -95%CI: 0.04-0.24- and OR: 0.09 -95%CI: 0.04-0.21- for single women/widows and married women/stable partner, respectively, compared with the separated/divorced group).Conclusions: A high percentage of women who attend primary care centres have suffered domestic violence. In addition to clinical suspicion a screening or early detection tool is needed in order to diagnose domestic violence (AU)