Garlic skin induces shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening lambs.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its constituents have been shown to modify rumen fermentation and improve growth performance. Garlic skin, a by-product of garlic processing, contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. This study aimed to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on growth performance, ruminal microbes, and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned to receive a basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of garlic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks serving as the adaptation period. The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than those in the CON group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices, including the Chao1 index, the abundance-based coverage estimator value, and the Shannon and Simpson indices. At the genus level, garlic skin supplementation altered the ruminal bacterial composition by increasing (P < 0.05) the relative abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, and Methanosphaera and decreasing (P < 0.05) the abundance of Fretibacterium. Concentrations of 139 metabolites significantly differed (P < 0.05) between the GAS and the CON groups. Among them, substrates for rumen microbial protein synthesis were enriched in the GAS group. The pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism were influenced (P < 0.05) by garlic skin supplementation. Integrated correlation analysis also provided a link between the significantly altered rumen microbiota and metabolites. Thus, supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of lambs by modifying rumen fermentation through shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

[To reconstruct facial defects after removing skin lesions by using local flap].

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the method and effect of reconstruction of facial skin defects after removing the lesions by applying local flap. Method:Fifty-three patients （30 males and 23 females） with facial skin lesions. Complete surgical resection of the lesion; malignant tumor resection should be strictly non-tumor principle; intraoperative frozen section pathological examination confirmed negative margin; benign lesions can be cut off the lesion. According to the defect site, the appropriate local flap was used to repair the defect: 13 cases of modified VY propulsion flap, 8 cases of nasolabial flap, 8 cases of A/O-T shaped flap, 6 cases of rotating flap, 5 cases of direct sliding flap, multi-type There were 6 cases with flap, 2 cases with double leaf, 2 cases with prismatic flap and 3 cases with free flap. Result:Patients with malignant tumor were followed for 12-36 months postoperatively while followed for 10-12 months in the benign. Two patients with malignant tumor developed local recurrence and removed again. At half a year after first resection. Distal partial necrosis occurred in 5 cases while the wound dehiscence in1case, others were well developed. No others major complications occurred. Conclusion:There are various types of local skin flap for repairing facial skin defects. It is very important to excise the primary lesion radically before reconstruction,the satisfactory curative effect can be obtained through reasonable design of the flap.

[Ultrasonographic manifestation and evaluation of imaging diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis].

The ultrasonographic data of 50 patients with chronic pancreatitis are presented. Ultrasonographic manifestations were described as follows: Pancreatic focal or diffuse enlargement in 70% of these cases, reduced its size in 2%, retained its normal size in 28%, inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 68%, coarse, focal dense echoes in 8%, decreased echogenicity in 20%, normal echogenicity in 4%, irregular contour in 40%, pseudocyst formation in 6%, abnormal pancreatic duct in 44%, dilated common bile duct in 20% and focal pancreatic mass in 14%. Patients in the study had a normal sonogram only in 4%. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings, especially pseudocyst and pancreatic calcification may be considered as important diagnostic evidence. In the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, the coincident rate of ultrasonography, ERCP and CT was 80%, 75% and 81%, respectively. Their diagnostic value was evaluated and compared. CT was the most sensitive and accurate. Ultrasonography was simpler and non-invasive, it may be used as a method of choice. Combination of using these various imaging techniques may increase the diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic coincident rate of combined ultrasonography and CT was 91%, and that of combined ultrasonography and ERCP was 91%.

[The clinical value of percutaneous puncture of pancreatic cysts guided by ultrasound].

This article reported 11 cases of percutaneous puncture of pancreatic cysts guided by ultrasound. All were successfully punctured. The clinical value, indication and the procedure were discussed. Percutaneous puncture is not only valuable for diagnosis of pancreatic cyst, but also for therapy. Of ten cases treated by puncture aspiration, two cases with two cysts were followed for 2.5 years and 5.5 years respectively without recurrence of the cyst; in another case, the cyst was reduced to 62% of its original size after 4 years.