The Use of Redox Mediators in Electrocatalysis and Electrosynthesis.

Electrocatalysis and electrosynthesis, which convert the electrical energy and store them in the chemical forms, have been considered as promising technologies to utilize green renewable energy sources. Most of the studies focused on developing novel active molecules or advanced electrodes to improve the performance. However, the direct acquisition and electron transferring will be limited by the intrinsic characters of the electrodes. The introduce of redox mediators, which are served as the intermediate electron carriers or reservoirs without changing the final products, provide a unique approach to accelerate the electrochemical performance of these energy conversions. This review provides an overview of the recent development of electrocatalysis and electrosynthesis by using redox mediators, and provides a comprehensive discussion toward focusing on the principles and construction of these systems.

What factors will influence patients when choosing plastic surgeons? A behaviour analysis of Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: To analyze the factors that patients consider when choosing plastic surgeons and investigate patients' attitudes toward physicians' aesthetic ability and their adherence toward same-gender physicians. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All patients who presented for evaluation and management between January and April 2022 were eligible for study enrolment. Data collected include demographical information and specific questions related to choosing plastic surgeons, including physician's education, surgical ability, research, title, appearance, dress, age, aesthetics, the patient's preference for physicians' gender, and the way of learning about physicians. RESULTS: 1006 valid respondents participated, and the average age was 46.44 ±â€¯15.51 years old (participation rate 99.60%). 72.5% were female. Plastic surgery history (OR 3.242, 95%CI: 1.664-6.317, p = 0.001), education (OR 1.895, 95%CI: 1.064-3.375, p = 0.030), income (OR 1.340, 95%CI: 1.026-1.750, p = 0.032), sexual orientation (OR 1.662, 95%CI: 1.066-2.589, p = 0.025), and concern for the physicians' appearance (OR 1.564, 95%CI: 1.160-2.107, p = 0.003) were significantly associated with patients' tendency to value physicians' aesthetic ability. Marital status (OR 0.766, 95% CI: 0.616-0.951, p = 0.016), income (OR 0.896,95% CI: 0.811-0.990, p = 0.031), the attention to physicians' age (OR 1.191,95% CI: 1.031-1.375, p = 0.017), and the attention to physicians' aesthetic ability (OR 0.775,95% CI: 0.666-0.901, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the respondents' same-gender adherence degree. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that patients with plastic surgery history, higher income, higher education background, and more diverse sexual orientation paid more attention to physicians' aesthetic ability. Marriage and income would affect the same-gender adherence degree, which would further influence patients' attention to the doctor's age and aesthetic ability.

[The efficacy and safety study of JCS-01 non-invasive focused ultrasound fat reduction machine].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using the JCS-01 focused ultrasound fat reduction machine for noninvasively breaking fat cells and abdomen sculpting treatment. METHOD: 40 qualified subjects were enrolled in the study per the IRB-approved protocol and randomly assigned into trial and control groups. The fat reduction treatments were performed using the JCS-01 focused ultrasound fat reduction machine made by Beijing 3H Medical Technology Co., Ltd. The trial group received ultrasound energy treatment in their abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue on the 1st and 7th days of the trial. The control group followed the similar procedure except that the ultrasound energy was turned off during treatments. Both the trial and control groups were followed-up on 1,7,14, 35 days post treatment. RESULTS: The waist circumference measured on 14, 35 days were reduced 2.52 cm +/- 1.04 cm and 3.31 cm +/- 0.67cm in comparison with the baseline values in the trial group, reaching the protocol hypothesis of at least 1.5 cm abdominal circumference reduction, which demonstrated the treatment efficacy. The adverse events included minor and transient thermal sensation and mild pain in the treated abdomen area in the trial group. No other adverse events were observed. Clinical biochemistry assay testing showed that the subjects liver and kidney function indicators had no significant change. CONCLUSION: It is safe and effective to use the JCS-01 focused ultrasound fat reduction machine for abdomen fat reduction treatment.

Nipple ulcers of the nipple retractor technique to correct inverted nipples: A retrospective multivariate analysis.

BACKGROUND: A simple procedure using a nipple retractor to correct inverted nipples has been applied in clinical practice with stable and satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. Nipple ulceration and necrosis are rare and severe, with the causes unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for the development of nipple ulcers in the nipple retractor technique. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on inverted nipple patients between January 2012 and September 2021. Clinical information, including baseline patient demographics, reproductive history, smoking, previous treatment, nipple inversion grades, nipple size, areola size, blood flow perfusion, and ulcer development, was collected. RESULTS: Twenty-five female patients with 44 inverted nipples were enrolled. Nipple ulcers were present in seven patients, four of whom were bilateral. Logistic regression analysis showed nipple inversion grades (Z = 2.105, OR 7.005, 95% CI: 1.144-42.898, p = 0.035) and relative perfusion of nipples (Z = -2.337, OR 0.969, 95% CI: 0.944-0.995, p = 0.019) were significantly associated with ulceration. The structural equation model demonstrated the interaction of related factors: nipple inversion grades increased by 0.411 points for ulcers (p = 0.004), while relative perfusion of nipples decreased by 0.647 points for ulcers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative nipple inversion severity and post-operative nipple blood supply may be the risk factors for nipple ulcer development in the nipple retractor technique.

Birthweight After Frozen Embryos Formed on the Fifth Day Versus the Sixth Day: A Retrospective Analysis Including 17,127 Singleton Newborns.

Background: Transferring blastocysts frozen on day 6 (D6) may adversely affect the pregnancy rate compared with day 5 (D5). Moreover, it remains unclear whether delayed embryo transfer affects neonatal birth weight. Methods: A retrospective cohort study consisting of 17,127 singleton births from single frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles, between January 2011 and January 2020, was performed including 14,166 blastocysts frozen on D5 and 2,961 on D6. The primary outcomes of this study were neonatal birth weight and incidence of small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), low birth weight (LBW), and macrosomia. Results: The mean neonatal birth weight in the D5 group (3.47 ± 0.49 kg) was significantly higher compared with the D6 group (3.45 ± 0.50 kg), although the discrepancy was only 0.02 kg. Multiple linear regression analysis for birth weight between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (ß= -0.01 t= -1.218; P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risks of SGA (OR 1.166; 95%CI, 0.911-1.491; P>0.05), LGA (OR 0.917; 95%CI, 0.831-1.012; P>0.05), LBW (OR 1.192; 95%CI, 0.926-1.533; P>0.05), and macrosomia (OR 0.975; 95%CI, 0.864-1.100; P>0.05) were similar in the two groups after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions: In the FET cycle, the neonatal birth weight and incidence of LGA, SGA, LBW, or macrosomia were similar between the D5 and D6 groups, suggesting that delayed blastocyst transfer would not affect the neonatal birth weight.

Will the patient's double eyelid shape be like that of the surgeon performing the procedure? A study of surgeons' aesthetics in East Asian Blepharoplasty.

BACKGROUND: No reports of the potential areas of surgeons' aesthetics in blepharoplasty. AIMS: To explore the association between the surgeons' own double eyelid morphology and their aesthetics and surgical outcome. METHODS: An investigation of 1605 patients was carried collecting the data of double eyelid shape, based on which to propose a preliminary double eyelid classification for analyzing the aesthetics of surgeons. Ten double eyelid surgical cases were randomly collected from each surgeon according to the inclusion criteria, whose double eyelid shape, ideal shape, the selection tendency of surgical approach, most cared factor during surgery, and design concept of eyelid shape were collected. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to assess the association between participants' double eyelid shape, aesthetics, and blepharoplasty outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-three double eyelid surgeons were enrolled for study, whose double eyelids shapes mostly were obviously fan-shaped (37.74%) and low-parallel eyelid (26.42%), and the ideal shapes were obviously fan-shaped (41.51%) and high-parallel eyelid (24.53%). 54.72% of the subjects preferred to use the full-incisional method. 45.28% cared for long-term outcome most. Regarding blepharoplasty outcome style, 49.06% of the subjects preferred obviously fan-shaped type and 24.53% for high-parallel type. SEM showed that aesthetics rank increased by 0.692 points for surgeons' shape (P < .001), and surgical outcome rank increased by 0.861 points for aesthetics (P < .001). However, their eyelid shape had no direct contribution to surgical outcome (P = .96). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicated that surgeons' double eyelid shape positively affected their aesthetics, which affected their surgical outcomes further, but their double eyelid shape failed to affect the surgical outcomes directly.

[A clinical study of the male anterior hairline].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the male anterior hairline (AH) and provide data for hair transplantation. METHODS: 205 males were randomly involved and divided into different age groups, as the young group( age 18-29), the middle-aged group (age 30-49) and the old group (age 50+). Their AH shape and height were measured. The data was then analyzed. RESULTS: According to the morphological classification of AH, the linear type was most common in the young and middle-aged groups (48.40% and 37.33%), the anterior protrusion type was most common in the old group (34.80%). The mean height of AH was 6.42 cm (5.00-8.50 cm)for the median line, and there was no statistical difference between groups (P > 0.05); the mean ratio of median line AH height to facial length was 0.30 (0.22-0.37), there were significant differences between the old group against the young, or the middle-aged group (P < 0.05), and no difference between the young group and the middle-aged group (P > 0.05); the mean height of AH was 5.83 cm (3.5-8.0 cm) for the paramedian line, and there was no statistical difference between groups (P > 0.05); the mean height of AH was 8.34 cm (5.5-10.5 cm) for the lateral line, there were significant differences between the young group against the middle-aged, or the old group (P < 0.05), and no difference between the middle-aged group and the old group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The shape and height of AH were age-associated. The linear type is most common in the young and middle-aged groups, the anterior protrusion type is most common in the old group. The change first occurs on the lateral lines since the age of 30, and the central portion is involved since the age of 50. The older the age gets, the higher the hairline is.