[Pelvic MRI combined with TRUS-guided transperineal template mapping biopsy for the diagnosis of prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical value and safety of pelvic MRI combined with transurethral ultrasound (TRUS)-guided transperineal template mapping biopsy (TTMB) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 164 men underwent MRI plus TRUS-guided TTMB for the diagnosis of prostate cancer from December 2015 to May 2018. The patients averaged 71.2 years of age and, based on the PSA level, were divided into four groups: PSA <10 µg/L (n = 28), PSA 10－20 µg/L (n = 56), PSA 20.01－100 µg/L (n = 53) and PSA >100 µg/L (n = 27). All the patients received digital rectal examination, pelvic MRI and TRUS-guided X+12-core TTMB. RESULTS: The procedures of TRUS-guided TTMB were successfully completed in all the patients, with an average number of 14.2 (14－16) cores and mean operation time of 18 (15－28) minutes. Post-biopsy complications included transient hematuria in 4 cases, perineal hematoma in 12 and fever in 1, but no acute urinary retention. Pathological results revealed 95 cases of prostate cancer, 2 cases of ductal epithelial carcinoma, 63 cases of prostatic hyperplasia with benign interstitial inflammation, and 4 cases of atypical prostatic hyperplasia. The positive biopsy rates in the PSA <10 µg/L, 10－20 µg/L, 20.01－100 µg/L and >100 µg/L groups were 25.00%, 42.86%, 73.58% and 100.00% respectively, with statistically significant difference between the PSA <10 µg/L group and the PSA 20.01－100 µg/L and >100 µg/L groups (P < 0.01), but not between the PSA <10 µg/L and PSA 10－20 µg/L groups (P = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic MRI combined with TRUS-guided X+12-core TTMB, with the advantages of high accuracy and low rate of complications, is an ideal approach to the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

[Susceptibility to prostate cancer in Han Chinese: single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of 1 667 cases].

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PCa) has the highest incidence among male malignancies in Western industrialized countries and, as a most common malignant disease in urology, its incidence has been increasing in recent years in Chinese men. This study was to investigate the risk loci associated with PCa susceptibility in Han Chinese by analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). METHODS: We collected peripheral blood samples from 1 667 PCa patients and 1 525 healthy men, and detected 40 loci associated with PCa susceptibility by analyzing SNPs using Sequenom technology. RESULTS: Of the 40 known loci, 16 were confirmed to be significantly associated with PCa susceptibility (P < 0.05). The loci 1, 2 and 5 at 8q24, 10q11 and 22q13.2 also contributed to PCa susceptibility in different ethnic groups. CONCLUSION: PCa susceptibility is obviously associated with the risk loci rs1465618, rs721048, rs12621278, rs7679673, rs12653946, rs339331, rs1512268, rs10086908, rs16901979, rs1447295, rs10993994, rs10896449, rs902774, rs9600079, rs11649743 and rs5759167 in Chinese Han population.

Relationship between AZFc deletions and testicular histology in infertile South Chinese men with azoospermia and severe oligospermia.

BACKGROUND: The AZFc deletion has been associated with wide range of phenotypes including complete absence of germ cells in the testes (SCOS), reduction in germ cells hypospermatogenesis, and maturation arrest. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between AZFc microdeletions and testicular histology in South Chinese men with azoospermia or severe oligospermia. FINDINGS: 338 men presenting with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia or severe oligospermia were evaluated between March 2012 and April 2015. Thirty-nine of the patients examined had an AZFc deletion (10.9 %). Testicular cytopathology was examined in 25 patients with an AZFc microdeletion and 14 with an AZFc deletion. There was no significant difference in the testicular histology of patients with partial or complete AZFc deletions (Mann-Whitney U = 152.500, p = 0.515). There was an association between testicular histology and gr/gr, b1/b3 or b2/b3 deletion (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: Men with a gr/gr partial deletion were at higher risk of having hypospermatogenesis or maturation arrest. Men with a b1/b3 partial deletion were at higher risk of having maturation arrest. Men with a b2/b3 partial deletion were at higher risk of having maturation arrest or complete absence of germ cells in the testes.