RESUMO
The performance of a newly proposed fully automated cassette-based sample-to-results solution for norovirus (NoV) detection, InGenius Norovirus ELITe MGB®, was evaluated. A total of 120 selected archival stool samples from children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were used to compare the results to a reference real-time RT-PCR. The InGenius NoV assay showed optimal diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 95.7%) and was able to correctly detect the entire wide panel of epidemiologically relevant genotypes tested. These preliminary results suggest that the InGenius NoV assay can be recommended as a valuable method for accurate diagnosis of NoV GII infection in epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/diagnóstico , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Adolescente , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Norovirus/classificação , Norovirus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/instrumentação , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
In winter 2015-16, norovirus GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 emerged as a cause of sporadic gastroenteritis in children in Italy. Median patient age was higher for those with GII.17 than GII.4 infection (55 vs. 24 months), suggesting limited cross-protection for older children.
Assuntos
Infecções por Caliciviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Caliciviridae/virologia , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Norovirus/genética , Adolescente , Infecções por Caliciviridae/história , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças , Gastroenterite/história , Genótipo , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Itália/epidemiologia , Norovirus/classificação , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Vigilância da População , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Human astroviruses (HAstV) are important enteric pathogens that can be classified into eight sero/genotypes (HAstV-1 to -8). Although the various HAstV types show global spread, type-1 strains tend to be predominant. Molecular analysis of the genomic region encoding the capsid protein (ORF2) has revealed discrete sequence variation, with different lineages within each HAstV type and at least three major lineages have been identified within HAstV-1. Longitudinal epidemiological surveillance has revealed temporal shift of the various HAstV-1 lineages. Metadata analysis of HAstV-1 sequences available in the databases also revealed temporal shifts of the circulation of HAstV-1 lineages, suggesting possible antigenic-related mechanisms of selection at the sub-genotype level. By comparison of HAstV-1 capsid sequences, lineage-defining residues under positive selection were identified. Structural analysis of HAstV-1 capsid allowed identifying at least six residues exposed on the virion surface. Two residues were located in the VP34 (shell region) whilst four residues were mapped in the VP25/27 (protruding region) of HAstV capsid protein, in proximity of the putative receptor binding S site. These findings suggest that mechanisms similar to those observed and/or hypothesized for other enteric viruses are also shaping the evolution of HAstVs, with intra-typic diversification being a possible mechanism to decrease the antigenic pressure to which these viruses are exposed.