Transfer function replacement of phenomenological single-mode equations in semiconductor microcavity modeling.

Semiconductor microcavities are frequently studied in the context of semiconductor lasers and in application-oriented fundamental research on topics such as linear and nonlinear polariton systems, polariton lasers, polariton pattern formation, and polaritonic Bose-Einstein condensates. A commonly used approach to describe theoretical properties includes a phenomenological single-mode equation that complements the equation for the nonlinear optical response (interband polarization) of the semiconductor. Here, we show how to replace the single-mode equation by a fully predictive transfer function method that, in contrast to the single-mode equation, accounts for propagation, retardation, and pulse-filtering effects of the incident light field traversing the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors, without substantially increasing the numerical complexity of the solution. As examples, we use cavities containing GaAs quantum wells and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs).

Horizontal Transmission of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) in Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae).

Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling Musca domestica L. However, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. This study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of B. bassiana (CG240) and M. anisopliae (CG34) on adult M. domestica individuals. The impact of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae on M. domestica was evaluated at the concentrations 2 × 10(4), 2 × 10(5), 2 × 10(6), and 2 × 10(7) conidia/ml. Horizontal transmission was also estimated between sexes at different infection periods of the vector insect. The mortality of adult M. domestica individuals directly infected with B. bassiana was above 90%, and the mortality of those infected with M. anisopliae ranged from 25.50 to 97.78%. Horizontal transmission of B. bassiana caused the death of 100% of individuals, in turn, that of M. anisopliae killed 55% of male and 100% of female individuals. Horizontal transmission of fungi was negatively influenced by time. This study shows the potential of these fungi for controlling M. domestica, both with the direct implementation strategy and horizontal transmission. However, field studies are needed to evaluate the capacity to decrease the M. domestica population using these alternatives.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil.

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

[Trunk kinematics during walking in stroke patients: A systematic review]. / Cinemática de tronco durante la marcha en pacientes con ictus: revisión sistemática.

The trunk and pelvis are affected after stroke, predisposing individuals to falls and dependency. The aim of this review was to describe the lineal and angular kinematics of the trunk and pelvis in patients with post-stroke sequels during walking. We included studies published up to June 2018 using a 2-3 D motion capture system during walking. We searched the Cochrane, Medline, PEDRo, Lilacs, Scielo, EBSCO, ClinicalKey and Elsevier databases. Twelve articles were selected. Linear kinematics showed greater lateral displacement and acceleration in all axes. Angular kinematics in the swing phase of the paretic segment showed the pelvis in posterior rotation, with elevation and lower velocity and the trunk in anterior flexion, with lateral inclination and ipsilateral rotation. The studies showed wide variability, making it impossible to establish of a common effect. However, the results allow description of the movement of the trunk and pelvis.

Do dietary stresses affect the immune system of Periplaneta americana (Blattaria: Blattidae)?

Stresses can be caused by multiple biotic and abiotic factors and their effects can affect both the biology and the immune system of insects. American cockroach - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) -besides being an excellent model species, has great medical importance because it can act as a mechanical vector of several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of starvation, dehydration and both stresses on weight, and total and differential haemocyte count in P. americana adults. Each specimen was isolated in glass flasks containing or not food and/or water. They were weighed periodically. Another group received water for 24 h after the end of stress period. In the immunologic bioassay, we counted their haemocytes after the final weighing. All stresses reduced the insect weight, especially when the stresses were combined. Females of the control group gained weight and males had it unaltered. Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count. Insects without food and water had the proportion of prohaemocytes increased and plasmatocytes decreased. This study can serve as a basis of further studies of bioecology, behaviour and the ability of resisting insecticides, besides serving as a model to studies in other insect species.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul – Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

Abstract Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42 S; 52º 18 W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Resumo Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42 S; 52º 18 O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

First list of parasitoids in flies of medical, veterinary, and forensic importance in Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil / Primeira lista de parasitoides em moscas de importância médica, veterinária e forense no Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil

Necrophagous flies are of great importance for human and animal health. In places where their development occurs, parasitoids can be used as a tool to control these dipterans. In Brazil, the fauna of these parasitoids has been investigated in some regions. However, in Rio Grande do Sul, it is known the occurrence of only one species. Thus, this study aimed to create the first list of parasitoids in flies of medical and veterinary importance in Southern Brazil. Collections took place in the municipality of Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' W). Three replicates consisting of a 500 g bovine liver chunk placed in a tray were exposed to open air for 20 days. Then pupae were individualized and observed until their emergence. We identified 4,882 adult flies of Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. 4,040 parasitoids emerged, belonging to eight species, of which Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis, and Tachinephagus zealandicus are new records in Rio Grande do Sul state. Also, three undescribed species of the genus Aphaereta were collected. In spite of being the first attempt to inventory the fauna of hymenopteran parasitoids, this study may help in the development of management programs of these dipterans in the region.

Moscas necrófagas possuem grande importância para a sanidade humana e animal. Onde estas se desenvolvem ocorrem parasitoides que podem ser utilizados como ferramentas para o controle desses dípteros. No Brasil, a fauna desses parasitoides vem sendo investigada em algumas regiões e no Rio Grande do Sul é conhecida a ocorrência de apenas uma espécie. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi criar a primeira lista de espécies de parasitoides de moscas de importância médica e veterinária ocorrentes no extremo sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas no município de Pelotas (31º 42' S; 52º 18' O). Foram montadas três réplicas de bandejas contendo, cada uma, 500 g de fígado bovino, expostas ao ar livre durante 20 dias. Na sequência, as pupas foram individualizadas e observadas até a emergência. Foram identificados 4.882 adultos pertencentes às famílias Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Muscidae e Sarcophagidae. Emergiram 4.040 parasitoides, pertencentes a oito espécies, das quais Nasonia vitripennis, Spalangia cameroni, Spalangia chontalensis e Tachinephagus zealandicus são novas ocorrências para o Rio Grande do Sul. Foram coletadas três espécies ainda não descritas do gênero Aphaereta. Apesar de ainda ser um primeiro esforço de inventariar a fauna de himenópteros parasitoides, este estudo pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de programas de manejos desses dípteros na região.

Do dietary stresses affect the immune system of Periplaneta americana (Blattaria: Blattidae)? / Estresses alimentares afetam o sistema immune de Periplaneta americana (Blattaria: Blattidae)?

Abstract Stresses can be caused by multiple biotic and abiotic factors and their effects can affect both the biology and the immune system of insects. American cockroach - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) -besides being an excellent model species, has great medical importance because it can act as a mechanical vector of several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of starvation, dehydration and both stresses on weight, and total and differential haemocyte count in P. americana adults. Each specimen was isolated in glass flasks containing or not food and/or water. They were weighed periodically. Another group received water for 24 h after the end of stress period. In the immunologic bioassay, we counted their haemocytes after the final weighing. All stresses reduced the insect weight, especially when the stresses were combined. Females of the control group gained weight and males had it unaltered. Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count. Insects without food and water had the proportion of prohaemocytes increased and plasmatocytes decreased. This study can serve as a basis of further studies of bioecology, behaviour and the ability of resisting insecticides, besides serving as a model to studies in other insect species.

Resumo Os estresses podem ser causados por múltiplos fatores bióticos e abióticos e seus efeitos podem afetar tanto a biologia como o sistema imune dos insetos. A barata-americana - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) - além de ser uma excelente espécie modelo, tem grande importância médica, pois pode atuar como vetor mecânico de diversos patógenos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da inanição, desidratação e ambos os estresses sobre o peso e o número total e diferencial de hemócitos em adultos de P. americana. Cada espécime foi isolado em frascos de vidro contendo ou não alimento e/ou água. Eles foram pesados periodicamente. Outro grupo recebeu água por 24 h após o término do período de estresse. Nos ensaios imunológicos, foram contados os seus hemócitos após a última pesagem. Todos os estresses reduziram o peso dos insetos, especialmente quando os estresses foram combinados. As fêmeas do grupo controle ganharam peso e os machos tiveram seu peso inalterado. As diferentes condições de estresse e tempo não influenciaram no número total de hemócitos. Os insetos sem alimento e água tiveram a proporção de pró-hemócitos aumentada e a de plasmatócitos reduzida. Esse estudo pode servir como base para estudos posteriores de bioecologia, comportamento e da habilidade de resistir aos inseticidas químicos, além de servir como modelo para estudos em outras espécies de insetos.

Effect of pertussis toxin on the heart acetylcholine muscarinic receptor affinity.

The effect of pertussis toxin on the affinity for agonists and antagonists of the heart muscarine acetylcholine receptor was studied using the radiolabeled antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate ([3H]QNB). In cardiac membranes from control rats the displacement of [3H]QNB by carbachol was consistent with two classes of binding sites, kDH 25 +/- 10 nM and kDL 3,006 +/- 869 nM. The proportion of sites in the high and low affinity state for agonists was 55 and 45% respectively. In the presence of 100 microM guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), only the low affinity state for agonists was observed (kDL 3,804 +/- 759 nM). In cardiac membranes from pertussis toxin-treated rats, two classes of binding sites with affinities similar to those seen in the controls were also observed in the absence of guanine nucleotide (kDs 39 +/- 12 and 3,315 +/- 845 nM) but the proportion of sites were 20 and 80% for high and low affinity respectively. Gpp(NH)p shifted the remaining 20% of sites from the high affinity to the low affinity state (KD 4,093 +/- 744 nM). The receptor KD for antagonists was decreased by pretreatment with pertussis toxin from 83 +/- 7 to 56 +/- 5 pM (P less than 0.01); Gpp(NH)p induced a further change in the affinity for the antagonist in membranes from both control and pertussis toxin-treated rats. The change suggested positive cooperativity. The total number of sites was not modified significantly by either pertussis toxin treatment or guanine nucleotides. These results are consistent with a possible reciprocal modulation of the affinity for agonists and antagonists of the cardiac muscarine receptor.

Effect of pertussis toxin on the heart muscarinic-cholinergic receptors and their function.

Administration of pertussis toxin to rats induced a significant increase in heart rate that was evident as soon as 24 hours after the administration of the toxin and that persisted for at least 15 days. Electrical stimulation of the vagus decreased dramatically the heart rate of control animals but was unable to do it so in rats treated with pertussis toxin. In cardiac membranes muscarinic agonists decreased adenylate cyclase activity (approximately equal to 20-25%); no effect was observed in membranes obtained from toxin-treated animals. Agonist displacement of antagonist binding [( 3H] Quinuclidinyl benzilate) indicated that treatment with pertussis toxin decreased the proportion of receptors in the high affinity state for agonists. All these data suggest that blockade of the parasympathetic tone plays a key role in the induction of tachycardia by pertussis toxin.

[Vegetable foreign body in the testis]. / Cuerpo extraño vegetal intratesticular.

A vegetable foreign body located inside the testicular parenchyma is presented. It's about an unexpected pathological finding in an orchidectomy sample, performed on account of testicular atrophy secondary to very advanced funicular twist. The finding of a vegetal material inside the testis is outstanding. In our knowledge we don't know about another similar case. Pathologic aspects, including granulomatous reaction, regarding arguments of testicular atrophy and the foreign body eruption mechanism are discussed. The handling of the scrotum by paramedical people could justify his presence.

[Urinary bladder xanthoma. A cystoscopic finding]. / Xantoma vesical. Hallazgo cistoscopico.

Urinary bladder xanthoma (UBX) is an infrequent lesion that has been very rarely referred to in medical literature. We describe a case of UBX that was associated with a low-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The cystoscopic aspect of this lesion was so characteristic that diagnosis could be suggested at cystoscopy, while histological examination confirmed this.

[Melanoma metastatic to the female urethra. Report of a case]. / Melanoma metastásico a uretra femenina. Aportación de un caso.

We report a case of a 77 years old woman with an previous malignant melanoma, who presented an urethral metastasis. The disease was treated with conservative therapy by local excision after pedicle ligation, and she is free of symptoms after one 1 year of control.

Meningococcal carriage prevalence in university students, 1824 years of age in Santiago, Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Neisseria meningitidis invasive disease is a major public health problem. Pharyngeal carriage is considered a prerequisite for invasive infection. Prevalence reaches 10% in general population and up to 30% in the 20-24 years age group. The aim of this study was to asses pharyngeal carriage prevalence in healthy subjects aged 18-24 years, and as secondary endpoints evaluate known risk factors, to identify serogroups and sequence in the isolated strains. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 500 healthy subjects; students from Universidad de Chile aged 18-24 years, Santiago, Chile, October 2012. Each subject underwent a risk factor survey prior to throat culture sampling. Samples were processed in one central Microbiology Laboratory of Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna and serogrouping and sequencing was performed at Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile. RESULTS: We obtained throat samples from 500 healthy subjects, 20 (4%) positive for N. meningitidis. Of positive strains 20% were serogroup B, 15% W and the rest non groupable. The median age was 20 years, 50% were men. Of the risk factors evaluated, 24% were current smokers, 16% shared a room, 72% had kissed someone during the last month, 64% had gone to pub and 76% had consumed alcohol in the same period of time. DISCUSSION: Literatures meningococcal carriage prevalence reaches up to 30% in people aged 18-24 years. Prevalence in our study was 4%. Different interpretations could be given; one could be the absence of overcrowding in our students because of the lack of dorms in our scholar system and also the characteristics of our enrolled group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest the necessity to extend the study to other age groups and to other cities, to better understand the Chilean reality, as well as others regions of America, considering that these results cannot be extrapolated to another countries.

Do dietary stresses affect the immune system of Periplaneta americana (Blattaria: Blattidae)?

Abstract Stresses can be caused by multiple biotic and abiotic factors and their effects can affect both the biology and the immune system of insects. American cockroach Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) besides being an excellent model species, has great medical importance because it can act as a mechanical vector of several pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of starvation, dehydration and both stresses on weight, and total and differential haemocyte count in P. americana adults. Each specimen was isolated in glass flasks containing or not food and/or water. They were weighed periodically. Another group received water for 24 h after the end of stress period. In the immunologic bioassay, we counted their haemocytes after the final weighing. All stresses reduced the insect weight, especially when the stresses were combined. Females of the control group gained weight and males had it unaltered. Different stress conditions and time did not influence on total haemocyte count. Insects without food and water had the proportion of prohaemocytes increased and plasmatocytes decreased. This study can serve as a basis of further studies of bioecology, behaviour and the ability of resisting insecticides, besides serving as a model to studies in other insect species.

Resumo Os estresses podem ser causados por múltiplos fatores bióticos e abióticos e seus efeitos podem afetar tanto a biologia como o sistema imune dos insetos. A barata-americana Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria: Blattidae) além de ser uma excelente espécie modelo, tem grande importância médica, pois pode atuar como vetor mecânico de diversos patógenos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da inanição, desidratação e ambos os estresses sobre o peso e o número total e diferencial de hemócitos em adultos de P. americana. Cada espécime foi isolado em frascos de vidro contendo ou não alimento e/ou água. Eles foram pesados periodicamente. Outro grupo recebeu água por 24 h após o término do período de estresse. Nos ensaios imunológicos, foram contados os seus hemócitos após a última pesagem. Todos os estresses reduziram o peso dos insetos, especialmente quando os estresses foram combinados. As fêmeas do grupo controle ganharam peso e os machos tiveram seu peso inalterado. As diferentes condições de estresse e tempo não influenciaram no número total de hemócitos. Os insetos sem alimento e água tiveram a proporção de pró-hemócitos aumentada e a de plasmatócitos reduzida. Esse estudo pode servir como base para estudos posteriores de bioecologia, comportamento e da habilidade de resistir aos inseticidas químicos, além de servir como modelo para estudos em outras espécies de insetos.

Cinemática de tronco durante la marcha en pacientes con ictus: revisión sistemática / Trunk kinematics during walking in stroke patients: A systematic review

El tronco y la pelvis se afectan como consecuencia de un ictus, lo que predispone a caídas y dependencia. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la cinemática lineal y angular de tronco y pelvis durante la marcha en pacientes con secuela de accidente cerebrovascular. Se incluyeron estudios publicados hasta junio de 2018 que hubieran utilizado un sistema de captura de movimiento 2-3D durante la marcha. La búsqueda fue en Cochrane, Medline, PEDRo, Lilacs, Scielo, EBSCO, ClinicalKey y Elsevier. Se seleccionaron 12 artículos. La cinemática lineal muestra mayores desplazamientos laterales y aceleración en todos los ejes. La cinemática angular en fase de balanceo del segmento parético presenta la pelvis en rotación posterior, elevada y con menor velocidad, y tronco en flexión anterior, inclinación lateral y rotación ipsilaterales. Los estudios tienen alta variabilidad, lo que imposibilita establecer una medida de efecto común. Sin embargo, los resultados permiten describir el comportamiento del tronco y de la pelvis (AU)

The trunk and pelvis are affected after stroke, predisposing individuals to falls and dependency. The aim of this review was to describe the lineal and angular kinematics of the trunk and pelvis in patients with post-stroke sequels during walking. We included studies published up to June 2018 using a 2-3 D motion capture system during walking. We searched the Cochrane, Medline, PEDRo, Lilacs, Scielo, EBSCO, ClinicalKey and Elsevier databases. Twelve articles were selected. Linear kinematics showed greater lateral displacement and acceleration in all axes. Angular kinematics in the swing phase of the paretic segment showed the pelvis in posterior rotation, with elevation and lower velocity and the trunk in anterior flexion, with lateral inclination and ipsilateral rotation. The studies showed wide variability, making it impossible to establish of a common effect. However, the results allow description of the movement of the trunk and pelvis (AU)

Ocorrência de spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) em pupas de musca domestica L. e Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera, Muscidae) no sul do Rio Grande do Sul / Occurrence of spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) in pupae of Musca domestica L. and Stomoxys calcitrans L. in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

It was reported the occurrence of Spalangia endius Walker, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) as a parasitoid of pupae of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) and Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Muscidae) in the extreme Southern of Brazil. The collection of pupae was performed in January and February, 2008. The pupae of M. domestica and S. calcitrans were collected from bovine feces using the flotation method. The pupae were individualized in glass tubes and maintained in acclimatized chamber at 27±2ºC with relative air humidity > 70 percent until the emergence of the flies or the parasitoids. The referred occurrence consists in the first report to Rio Grande do Sul.