Treatment duration for central line-associated infection caused by Enterococcus spp.: a retrospective evaluation of a multicenter cohort.

Objective of this study was to assess the appropriate treatment duration for enterococcal central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). This observational, retrospective, multicenter study conducted between 2011 and 2019 enrolled all hospitalized patients with monomicrobial enterococcal CLABSI. Those with infective endocarditis and non-survivors at least 7 days from index blood culture (BC) were excluded. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. We enrolled 113 patients, of whom 59% were male, median age was 64 (SD ± 15) and median Charlson's index score 5 (IQR 3-8). Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were found in 51% and 44% of cases, respectively. Median treatment duration was 11 days (IQR 6-17), and 32% of patients (n = 36) received ≤ 7 days. Characteristics of patients receiving more or less than 7 days of treatment were similar. Central line was removed in 82% (n = 93) of cases within a median of 3 days (1-8). At both uni- and multivariate analysis, duration of antibiotic treatment > 7 days was not associated with 30-day mortality [HR 0.41 (95% CI, 0.13-1.24), p = 0.12] even after adjustment with propensity score [HR 0.47 (95% CI 0.17-1.26), p = 0.13]. A 7-day treatment course appears to be safe in non-complicated enterococcal CLABSIs.

Preventive isolation criteria for the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A multicenter study within the Zero Resistance program.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the validity of a checklist of risk factors (RFs) proposed by the Spanish "Zero Resistance" project (ZR) in the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MRB), and to identify other possible RFs for colonization and infection by MRB on admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). DESIGN: A prospective cohort study, conducted in 2016. SETTING: Multicenter study, patients requiring admission to adult ICUs that applied the ZR protocol and accepted the invitation for participating in the study. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive sample of patients admitted to the ICU and who underwent surveillance (nasal, pharyngeal, axillary and rectal) or clinical cultures. INTERVENTIONS: Analysis of the RFs of the ZR project, in addition to other comorbidities, included in the ENVIN registry. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed, with binary logistic regression methodology (significance considered for p < 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed for each of the selected factors. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Carrier of MRB on admission to the ICU, RFs (previous MRB colonization/infection, hospital admission in the previous 3 months, antibiotic use in the past month, institutionalization, dialysis, and other chronic conditions) and comorbidities. RESULTS: A total of 2270 patients from 9 Spanish ICUs were included. We identified MRB in 288 (12.6% of the total patients admitted). In turn, 193 (68.2%) had some RF (OR 4.6, 95%CI: 3.5-6.0). All 6 RFs from the checklist reached statistical significance in the univariate analysis (sensitivity 66%, specificity 79%). Immunosuppression, antibiotic use on admission to the ICU and the male gender were additional RFs for MRB. MRB were isolated in 87 patients without RF (31.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with at least one RF had an increased risk of being carriers of MRB. However, almost 32% of the MRB were isolated in patients without RFs. Other comorbidities such as immunosuppression, antibiotic use on admission to the ICU and the male gender could be considered as additional RFs.

Risk factors for persistent enterococcal bacteraemia: a multicentre retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Conditions favouring persistent enterococcal bacteraemia (p-EB) have not been fully investigated yet. The aim of our study is to analyse risk factors for p-EB and its impact on mortality. METHODS: International two-centre retrospective study of all hospitalised adults with enterococcal bacteraemia managed with follow-up blood cultures (BCs) during the period 2011-2019. Exclusion criteria were: (1) death within 72 hours from index BCs and (2) polymicrobial bacteraemia. Primary endpoint was p-EB, defined as further isolation of the same species of Enterococcus spp. from BCs after at least 72 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed to assess risk factors for p-EB. The impact of p-EB on 30-day mortality was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression multivariable model. RESULTS: During the study period, 244 enterococcal bacteraemia were diagnosed. P-EB were 13.5% (33/244). At multivariable analysis, factors independently associated with p-EB were hematologic malignancy (OR 4.60 [95% CI 1.32-16.00], P = 0.01), infective endocarditis (OR 7.99 [95% CI 2.20-28.9], P = 0.002), and use of daptomycin as initial treatment (OR 4.50 [95% CI 1.29-15.61], P = 0.018). Mortality rate was higher in the p-EB group (32% vs. 18%). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that patients with p-EB were less likely to survive at 30 days from index BCs (log-rank P = 0.002). Using a Cox regression model, independent predictors of 30-day mortality were hematologic malignancy (HR 2.30 [95% CI 1.02-4.11], P = 0.043), p-EB (HR 1.93 [95% CI 0.92-4.04], P = 0.08), and septic shock (HR 5.92 [95% CI 2.17-16.30], P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: P-EB was diagnosed mainly in very fragile patients and in those receiving daptomycin as frontline therapy. P-EB may have an impact on mortality.

Criterios de aislamiento preventivo para la detección de portadores de bacterias multirresistentes en pacientes ingresados en la UCI: estudio multicéntrico dentro del programa Resistencia Zero / Preventive isolation criteria for multidrug-resistant bacteria detection in patients admitted to the ICU: Multicenter study within the Zero Resistance program

Objetivo: Conocer el rendimiento de los criterios de aislamiento preventivo del programa Resistencia Zero (RZ) e identificar los factores que pudieran mejorar su rendimiento. Diseño: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo y multicéntrico. Ámbito: Unidades de cuidados críticos que aplicaban el protocolo RZ, y que aceptaron la invitación al estudio. Pacientes o participantes: Pacientes a los que se les realizaron cultivos de vigilancia (nasal, faríngeo, axilar y rectal) y/o diagnósticos al ingreso en la UCI. Intervenciones: Análisis de los factores de riesgo (FR) RZ y otras variables del registro ENVIN. Se realizó un estudio univariable y multivariable con metodología de regresión logística binaria (significación con p<0,05). Se efectuó análisis de sensibilidad y especificidad para cada uno de los factores seleccionados. Variables de interés principales: Portador de bacteria multirresistente (BMR) al ingreso en la UCI, FR (antecedente de colonización/infección por BMR, ingreso hospitalario en los 3 meses previos, uso de antibiótico el mes previo, estar institucionalizado, diálisis y otras condiciones crónicas) y comorbilidades. Resultados: Participaron 2.252 pacientes de 9 UCI españolas. Fueron identificados BMR en 283 (12,6%). Ciento noventa y tres (68,2%) presentaban algún FR (OR: 4,6; IC 95%: 3,5-6,0). Todos los FR del programa RZ alcanzaron significación estadística (sensibilidad: 66%; especificidad: 79%), siendo el antecedente de BMR el factor con más peso. Inmunodepresión, tratamiento antibiótico al ingreso y sexo masculino son FR adicionales para BMR. Se aislaron BMR en 87 (31,8%) sin FR. (AU)

Objective: To verify the validity of a check list of risk factors (RF) proposed by the Spanish “Resistencia Zero” project (RZ) in the detection of multi-resistant bacteria (MRB), as well as to identify other possible RF for colonization and infection by MRB at intensive care (ICU) admission. Design: A prospective cohort study, conducted in 2016. Setting: Multicenter study, patients who needed admission to adult critical care units that applied the RZ protocol and accepted the invitation for the study. Patients or participants: Consecutive sample of patients admitted to ICU, who underwent surveillance (nasal, pharyngeal, axillary, and rectal) or clinical cultures. Interventions: Analysis of the RF of RZ project, in addition to other comorbidities, included in the ENVIN registry. A univariate and multivariate study was conducted, with binary logistic regression methodology (significance with P<.05). Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed for each of the selected factors. Main variables of interest: Carrier of BMR at ICU admission, RF (previous MRB colonization/infection, hospital admission in the previous 3 months, antibiotic use in the past month, institutionalization, dialysis, and other chronic conditions) and comorbidities. Results: Two thousand two hundred and seventy patients were included from 9 Spanish ICUs. We identified BMR in 288 (12.6% of total patients admitted). One hundred and ninety-three (68.2%) had some RF (OD 4.6 -95% CI 3.5-6.0). All 6 RF from check list achieved statistical significance in the univariate analysis (sensitivity 66%, specificity 79%). Immunosuppression, antibiotic use at ICU admission and male gender were additional RF for BMR. BMR were isolated in 87 patients (31.8%) without RF. (AU)