RESUMO
Novel (non-fluoroquinolone) inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterial agents. We report an optimized series of cyclobutylaryl-substituted NBTIs. Compound 14 demonstrated excellent activity both in vitro (S. aureus MIC90=0.125µg/mL) and in vivo (systemic and tissue infections). Enhanced inhibition of Topoisomerase IV correlated with improved activity in S. aureus strains with mutations conferring resistance to NBTIs. Compound 14 also displayed an improved hERG IC50 of 85.9µM and a favorable profile in the anesthetized guinea pig model.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , DNA Girase/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerase IV/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II/farmacologia , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , DNA Topoisomerase IV/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/metabolismo , Cobaias , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Quinolinas/síntese química , Quinolinas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimologia , Streptococcus pyogenes/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pyogenes/enzimologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II/síntese química , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II/química , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/síntese química , Inibidores da Topoisomerase/químicaRESUMO
A structurally novel set of inhibitors of bacterial type II topoisomerases with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity was developed. Dual-targeting ability, hERG inhibition, and pharmacokinetic properties were also assessed.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , DNA Topoisomerase IV/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Topoisomerase II , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/química , DNA Girase/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerase IV/metabolismo , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo II/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/administração & dosagem , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Canais de Potássio Éter-A-Go-Go/antagonistas & inibidores , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Quinolinas/administração & dosagem , Quinolinas/química , Ratos , Staphylococcus aureus/enzimologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/enzimologia , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Novel siderophore-linked monobactams with in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial activity against MDR Gram-negative pathogens are described.
Assuntos
Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Monobactamas/farmacologia , Animais , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Sanguíneas/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Monobactamas/síntese química , Monobactamas/química , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
IL13Rα2 is a cell surface tumor antigen that is overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Here, we studied biodistribution and targeting potential of an anti-IL13Rα2 antibody (Ab) and anti-tumor activity of anti-IL13Rα2-antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). The anti-IL13Rα2 Ab was labeled with fluorophore AF680 or radioisotope 89Zr for in vivo tracking using fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) or positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, respectively. Both imaging modalities showed that the tumor was the major uptake site for anti-IL13Rα2-Ab, with peak uptake of 5-8% ID and 10% ID/g as quantified from FMT and PET, respectively. Pharmacological in vivo competition with excess of unlabeled anti-IL13Rα2-Ab significantly reduced the tumor uptake, indicative of antigen-specific tumor accumulation. Further, FMT imaging demonstrated similar biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profiles of an auristatin-conjugated anti-IL13Rα2-ADC as compared to the parental Ab. Finally, the anti-IL13Rα2-ADC exhibited a dose-dependent anti-tumor effect on A375 xenografts, with 90% complete responders at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Taken together, both FMT and PET showed a favorable biodistribution profile for anti-IL13Rα2-Ab/ADC, along with antigen-specific tumor targeting and excellent therapeutic efficacy in the A375 xenograft model. This work shows the great potential of this anti-IL13Rα2-ADC as a targeted anti-cancer agent.
Assuntos
Aminobenzoatos , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos , Imunoconjugados , Subunidade alfa2 de Receptor de Interleucina-13 , Melanoma Experimental , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Oligopeptídeos , Aminobenzoatos/imunologia , Aminobenzoatos/farmacocinética , Aminobenzoatos/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/imunologia , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/farmacocinética , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/imunologia , Imunoconjugados/farmacocinética , Imunoconjugados/farmacologia , Subunidade alfa2 de Receptor de Interleucina-13/antagonistas & inibidores , Subunidade alfa2 de Receptor de Interleucina-13/imunologia , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas de Neoplasias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Neoplasias/imunologia , Oligopeptídeos/imunologia , Oligopeptídeos/farmacocinética , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
5-F substitution of an aminothiazole moiety within a series of thrombopoietin receptor agonists leads to potent agents with an improved hepatic safety profile in rodent toxicology studies.
Assuntos
Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Trombopoetina/agonistas , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Fígado/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Recently, we disclosed a series of potent pyrimidine benzamide-based thrombopoietin receptor agonists. Unfortunately, the structural features required for the desired activity conferred physicochemical properties that were not favorable for the development of an oral agent. The physical properties of the series were improved by replacing the aminopyrimidinyl group with a piperidine-4-carboxylic acid moiety. The resulting compounds possessed favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, including good bioavailability.
Assuntos
Benzoatos/química , Benzoatos/metabolismo , Hidrazinas/química , Hidrazinas/metabolismo , Pirazóis/química , Pirazóis/metabolismo , Receptores de Trombopoetina/agonistas , Receptores de Trombopoetina/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Benzoatos/administração & dosagem , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Hidrazinas/administração & dosagem , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/metabolismo , Pirazinamida/análogos & derivados , Pirazinamida/síntese química , Pirazinamida/metabolismo , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/metabolismo , RatosRESUMO
Janus kinases (JAKs) are intracellular tyrosine kinases that mediate the signaling of numerous cytokines and growth factors involved in the regulation of immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. As JAK1 pairs with JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2, a JAK1-selective inhibitor would be expected to inhibit many cytokines involved in inflammation and immune function while avoiding inhibition of the JAK2 homodimer regulating erythropoietin and thrombopoietin signaling. Our efforts began with tofacitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Through modification of the 3-aminopiperidine linker in tofacitinib, we discovered highly selective JAK1 inhibitors with nanomolar potency in a human whole blood assay. Improvements in JAK1 potency and selectivity were achieved via structural modifications suggested by X-ray crystallographic analysis. After demonstrating efficacy in a rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (rAIA) model, PF-04965842 (25) was nominated as a clinical candidate for the treatment of JAK1-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclobutanos/farmacologia , Janus Quinase 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Animais , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Ciclobutanos/química , Ciclobutanos/farmacocinética , Ciclobutanos/uso terapêutico , Cães , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Janus Quinase 1/química , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Pirróis/química , Pirróis/farmacocinética , Pirróis/uso terapêutico , Ratos , Especificidade por Substrato , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
There is a critical need for safer and more convenient treatments for organ transplant rejection and autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Janus tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK3) are expressed in lymphoid cells and are involved in the signaling of multiple cytokines important for various T cell functions. Blockade of the JAK1/JAK3-STAT pathway with a small molecule was anticipated to provide therapeutic immunosuppression/immunomodulation. The Pfizer compound library was screened against the catalytic domain of JAK3 resulting in the identification of a pyrrolopyrimidine-based series of inhibitors represented by CP-352,664 (2a). Synthetic analogues of 2a were screened against the JAK enzymes and evaluated in an IL-2 induced T cell blast proliferation assay. Select compounds were evaluated in rodent efficacy models of allograft rejection and destructive inflammatory arthritis. Optimization within this chemical series led to identification of CP-690,550 1, a potential first-in-class JAK inhibitor for treatment of autoimmune diseases and organ transplant rejection.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Rejeição de Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Janus Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirróis/síntese química , Animais , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Permeabilidade da Membrana Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Cães , Feminino , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Ativação Linfocitária/efeitos dos fármacos , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Monoterpenos/síntese química , Monoterpenos/farmacocinética , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacocinética , Pirróis/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
The stereoselective synthesis of two novel series of tribasic macrocyclic antibiotics with potent in vitro activity against Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli strains of bacteria is described. The in vitro activity can be significantly influenced by the nature of the substituents on the C-4" aminoalcohol, with the stereochemistry of the C-4" alcohol playing a less critical role. The effect of substitution and stereochemistry on the in vivo activity in a murine model of respiratory infection is also described.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/virologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Indicadores e Reagentes , Macrolídeos , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Infecções por Pasteurella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Pasteurella/microbiologia , Pasteurella multocida/efeitos dos fármacos , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Because of its requirement for signaling by multiple cytokines, Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is an excellent target for clinical immunosuppression. We report the development of a specific, orally active inhibitor of JAK3, CP-690,550, that significantly prolonged survival in a murine model of heart transplantation and in cynomolgus monkeys receiving kidney transplants. CP-690,550 treatment was not associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or lymphoproliferative disease. On the basis of these preclinical results, we believe JAK3 blockade by CP-690,550 has potential for therapeutically desirable immunosuppression in human organ transplantation and in other clinical settings.