RESUMO
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are highly conserved immune cells that could participate in innate and adaptive immune responses after being activated by major histocompatibility complex class 1-related molecule (MR1) pathway or cytokine pathway. At present, it has been confirmed that a large number of MAIT cells exist in human peripheral blood and specific tissues, and play an important role in infectious diseases. This review focused on the role of MAIT cells in immune responses to different pathogens. Additionally, the therapeutic methods and challenges of targeting MAIT cells in infectious diseases were also discussed.
RESUMO
Text tokenization is a fundamental pre-processing step for almost all the information processing applications. This task is nontrivial for the scarce resourced languages such as Urdu, as there is inconsistent use of space between words. In this paper a morpheme matching based approach has been proposed for Urdu text tokenization, along with some other algorithms to solve the additional issues of boundary detection of compound words, affixation, reduplication, names and abbreviations. This study resulted into 97.28% precision, 93.71% recall, and 95.46% F1-measure; while tokenizing a corpus of 57000 words by using a morpheme list with 6400 entries.
Assuntos
Idioma , Linguagens de Programação , Algoritmos , Inteligência Artificial , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Funções Verossimilhança , Nomes , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , SoftwareRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To test the effect of bifunctional molecule IL2-GMCSF in promoting the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) cultured in tumor conditioned medium.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We prepared a tumor conditioned medium using mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 supplemented with IL2-GMCSF, GM-CSF, IL-2, or the combination of the latter two. After culturing mouse DC cell line DC2.4 in the conditioned medium for 24 h, the DCs were examined for phagocytosis, proliferation, maturation phenotype, cytokine secretion, and signal pathway activation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC2.4 cells displayed characteristics of immature DCs. After cell culture in the conditioned medium, the cells showed enhanced phagocytosis but significantly suppressed cell proliferation activity. Culture in the conditioned medium also promoted DC cell maturation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), but inhibited IL-12 secretion. Supplementation of the conditioned medium with IL2-GMCSF promoted phagocytosis, proliferation, maturation, and cytokine (including both IL-12 and MDC) secretion of DC2.4 cells. Compared with GM-CSF, IL2-GMCSF induced a higher level of NF-κB signal pathway activation but suppressed STAT3 activation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with GM-CSF, IL2-GMCSF can better promote DC activation in the context of tumor-induced immune suppression, and thus shows potentials in anti-tumor therapy.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Quimiocina CCL22 , Metabolismo , Meios de Cultivo Condicionados , Química , Células Dendríticas , Biologia Celular , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos , Farmacologia , Tolerância Imunológica , Interleucina-12 , Metabolismo , Interleucina-2 , Farmacologia , Melanoma Experimental , Patologia , NF-kappa B , Metabolismo , Fagocitose , Fator de Transcrição STAT3 , Metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
This paper introduces the configuration, classification, present status and trend of invasive blood pressure sensor.