RESUMO
Shampoo ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) is a multipurpose ginger that has confirmed their role as food, medicine, and for decorative purposes. The rhizome possesses zerumbone, curcuminoids, and other bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in treating several human diseases. To date, several reports are existing on the in vitro biotechnology of Z. zerumbet. The present review highlights the consolidated clarification and comprehensive explanation of in vitro biotechnological implications based on plant tissue culture for the improvement of Z. zerumbet. Studies on biotechnological involvement in shampoo ginger were primarily emphasized in the study of the last 3 decades, for instance, in vitro regeneration, micro-rhizome production, callus culture, somatic embryogenesis, ex vitro establishment, and molecular assessment of in vitro-raised clones. Moreover, this review provides insights into different in vitro culture systems and endophytes involvement in the production of secondary metabolites. This review will assist for advanced research areas related to in vitro manipulation of shampoo ginger, especially for the commercial cultivation of secondary metabolites rich clones of Z. zerumbet. Moreover, it will provide an insight into crop upgrading and breeding programs of this underutilized, aromatic, and medicinal plant for amended yield and quality. KEY POINTS: ⢠Z. zerumbet is an aromatic spice and an ornamental ⢠This review comprehensively assesses Z. zerumbet tissue culture ⢠Key shortcomings and future directions of Z. zerumbet biotechnology.
Assuntos
Zingiber officinale , Humanos , Biotecnologia , Diarileptanoides , Endófitos , AlimentosRESUMO
The present investigation aimed to improve callus biomass, polyphenolic content, biosynthesis of mangiferin and biological potential following application of different elicitor treatments for medicinally important Salacia chinensis L. The leaf-derived callus cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D: 2.0 mg/l) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.5 mg/l). These cultures were treated with different elicitors viz. jasmonic acid (JA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and yeast extracts (YE). The highest calli biomass (five-fold increase within 4 weeks) was achieved when callus was treated with JA (75 µM). The callus obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l), BAP (1.5 mg/l) and treated with JA (75 µM) displayed augmented values for total phenolics, flavonoids and mangiferin contents. Besides, same treatment elicits the calli for antioxidant properties as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and metal chelating assays. This is the first report on the elicitation study in genus Salacia and, therefore, the discoveries suggested that, S. chinensis calli might be a perfect source for large-scale production of industrially important secondary metabolites. Concurrently data provide accumulated information demonstrating its prominent antioxidant effect revealing its potential without disturbing natural resources.
RESUMO
The study aimed to develop an efficient, rapid, and large-scale in vitro regeneration system for propagation, conservation, and restoration of an endemic and critically endangered herb, Ceropegia mohanramii. The cultures were established using nodal explants on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP: 1.0 mg/l). Nodal buds cultured on MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) along with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA, 0.5 mg/l) resulted with production of maximum number of shoots (17.1 ± 1.2) in hundred percent of the cultures. MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) along with diverse concentrations of indole-3acetic acid (IAA) promoted the in vitro flowering. In vitro regenerated shoots were transferred to one-half MS medium fortified with singular supplementation of auxins, where IBA (1.5 mg/l) served optimal for production of maximum number of roots (5.7 ± 0.6). In vitro derived plantlets were hardened under controlled conditions in a glasshouse and subsequently transferred to soil. Over 1200 saplings were transplanted to eight different localities of the Western Ghats where over 76% survival is recorded after 1 year of transplantation.
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The study aimed to evaluate extraction efficiency, detection and quantification of phytochemicals, minerals and antioxidative capacity of different parts of Salacia chinensis L. Continuous shaking extraction, steam bath assisted extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave assisted extraction with varied time intervals were employed for extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants. Preliminary screening revealed the presence of wide array of metabolites along with carbohydrates and starch. Steam bath assisted extraction for 10 min exposure was found most suitable for extraction phenolics (46.02 ± 2.30 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight and 48.57 ± 2.42 mg of tannic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight) and flavonoids (35.26 ± 1.61 mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of dry weight and 51.60 ± 2.58 mg of ellagic acid equivalent per gram of dry weight). In support, reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography- diode array detector confirmed the presence of seven pharmaceutically important phenolic acids. Antioxidant capacity was measured by 1, 1- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) scavenging (ABTS) and N, N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) assays and represented as trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC). Antioxidant capacity ranged from 121.02 ± 6.05 to 1567.28 ± 78.36 µM trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity and 56.62 ± 2.83 to 972.48 ± 48.62 µM ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity. Roots showed higher yields of illustrated biochemical parameters, however fresh fruit pulp was found a chief source of minerals. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of a vast array of phytoconstituents associated with different plant parts. The present study revealed the amounts of minerals and diverse phytoconstituents in various parts of S. chinensis and confirmed its medicinal and nutritional implications.
RESUMO
An efficient protocol has been developed for in vitro regeneration of a large number of plantlets of Ceropegia noorjahaniae Ansari via indirect organogenesis from stem explants excised from in vitro-germinated seedlings. The callus was efficiently induced from the stem explants using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins and their combinations. The highest number of shoots (16.0 ± 0.2) and shoot length (5.5 ± 0.1 cm) was achieved when the callus was subcultured to MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine, BAP (2.0 mg/l) and indole-3-acetic acid, IAA (0.2 mg/l). The in vitro-developed shoots were rooted well in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.3 mg/l of α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The plantlets were successfully hardened with 82 % survival rate. This is the first report on the regeneration of plants through indirect shoot organogenesis from stem derived calli of C. noorjahaniae.
Assuntos
Apocynaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caules de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plantas Medicinais/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Aclimatação , Compostos de Benzil/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura/métodos , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Indóis/metabolismo , Organogênese Vegetal , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Brotos de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Purinas/metabolismoRESUMO
Highly efficient in vitro regeneration system has been developed for Swertia lawii Burkill, an important herb used as substitute for Swertia chirayita. Shoot tips explants were cultured on MS medium with various phytohormones for multiple shoot production. The best shoot production frequency (100%) and maximum shoots (10.4 ± 0.8) were obtained on MS media containing TDZ (3.0 mg l-1) in combination with IBA (0.3 mg l-1). Maximum callus induction (95 ± 4.8%) and callus growth (1.7 ± 0.4 gm) was achieved on MS medium with 2, 4-D (3.0 mg l-1). Cell suspension cultures were established and studied for their growth kinetics. Shoots were rooted best (22.1 ± 2.5) in 1/2 MS medium with IAA (3.0 mg l-1). The genetic uniformity of the micropropagated clones was assessed using RAPD markers. Out of 405 bands, 400 (98.76%) were monomorphic and rest 5 (1.24%) were polymorphic. High multiplication frequency and low risk of genetic instability ensures the efficacy of this protocol.