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The milestone of compound leaf development is the generation of separate leaflet primordia during the early stages, which involves two linked but distinct morphogenetic events: leaflet initiation and boundary establishment for leaflet separation. Although some progress in understanding the regulatory pathways for each event have been made, it is unclear how they are intrinsically coordinated. Here, we identify the PINNATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA2 (PINNA2) gene encoding a newly identified GRAS transcription factor in Medicago truncatula. PINNA2 transcripts are preferentially detected at organ boundaries. Its loss-of-function mutations convert trifoliate leaves into a pinnate pentafoliate pattern. PINNA2 directly binds to the promoter region of the LEAFY orthologue SINGLE LEAFLET1 (SGL1), which encodes a key positive regulator of leaflet initiation, and downregulates its expression. Further analysis revealed that PINNA2 synergizes with two other repressors of SGL1 expression, the BEL1-like homeodomain protein PINNA1 and the C2H2 zinc finger protein PALMATE-LIKE PENTAFOLIATA1 (PALM1), to precisely define the spatiotemporal expression of SGL1 in compound leaf primordia, thereby maintaining a proper pattern of leaflet initiation. Moreover, we showed that the enriched expression of PINNA2 at the leaflet-to-leaflet boundaries is positively regulated by the boundary-specific gene MtNAM, which is essential for leaflet boundary formation. Together, these results unveil a pivotal role of the boundary-expressed transcription factor PINNA2 in regulating leaflet initiation, providing molecular insights into the coordination of intricate developmental processes underlying compound leaf pattern formation.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Medicago truncatula , Folhas de Planta , Medicago truncatula/genética , Medicago truncatula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Medicago truncatula/metabolismo , Morfogênese/genética , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Immune checkpoint molecules are promising targets for suppressing the immune response but have received little attention in immune tolerance induction in organ transplantation. In this study, we found that IFN-ß could induce the expression of HLA-E as well as PD-L1 on human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 and renal tissue of the C57BL/6 mouse. The JAK/STAT2 pathway was necessary for this process. Upregulation of both HLA-E and PD-L1 was fully abrogated by the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Signaling pathway molecules, including STAT1, STAT2, mTOR, Tyk2, and p38 MAPK, were involved in HLA-E and PD-L1 upregulation. IRF7 is the key transcription factor responsible for the activation of HLA-E and PD-L1 promoters. Through screening an epigenetic regulation library, we found a natural compound, bisdemethoxycurcumin, enhanced IFN-ß-induced HLA-E and PD-L1 expression in vitro and in vivo. In PBMC-derived CD56+ NK cells, we found that NKG2A but not PD1 was constitutively expressed, indicating HLA-E/NKG2A as a more potent target to induce tolerance to innate immune cells. Pretreating HK-2 cells by IFN-ß significantly attenuated the degranulation of their coincubated NK cells and protected cells from NK-mediated lysis. In conclusion, IFN-ß pretreatment could activate HLA-E and PD-L1 transcription through the JAK/STAT/IRF7 pathway and then could protect renal tubular epithelial cells from allogeneic immune attack mediated by NK cells.
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Antígenos HLA-E , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Camundongos , Animais , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares , Epigênese Genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I , Células Matadoras Naturais , Células EpiteliaisRESUMO
Single-cell analysis is a valuable tool for dissecting cellular heterogeneity in complex systems1. However, a comprehensive single-cell atlas has not been achieved for humans. Here we use single-cell mRNA sequencing to determine the cell-type composition of all major human organs and construct a scheme for the human cell landscape (HCL). We have uncovered a single-cell hierarchy for many tissues that have not been well characterized. We established a 'single-cell HCL analysis' pipeline that helps to define human cell identity. Finally, we performed a single-cell comparative analysis of landscapes from human and mouse to identify conserved genetic networks. We found that stem and progenitor cells exhibit strong transcriptomic stochasticity, whereas differentiated cells are more distinct. Our results provide a useful resource for the study of human biology.
Assuntos
Células/citologia , Células/metabolismo , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Adulto , Animais , Povo Asiático , Diferenciação Celular , Linhagem Celular , Separação Celular , China , Bases de Dados Factuais , Corpos Embrioides/citologia , Corpos Embrioides/metabolismo , Etnicidade , Feto/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/citologia , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunidade , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/citologia , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Camundongos , Especificidade de Órgãos , RNA Mensageiro/análise , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNA , Análise de Célula Única/instrumentação , Processos EstocásticosRESUMO
The tropane alkaloids (TAs) cocaine and hyoscyamine have been used medicinally for thousands of years. To understand the evolutionary origins and trajectories of serial biosynthetic enzymes of TAs and especially the characteristic tropane skeletons, we generated the chromosome-level genome assemblies of cocaine-producing Erythroxylum novogranatense (Erythroxylaceae, rosids clade) and hyoscyamine-producing Anisodus acutangulus (Solanaceae, asterids clade). Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the lack of spermidine synthase/N-methyltransferase (EnSPMT1) in ancestral asterids species contributed to the divergence of polyamine (spermidine or putrescine) methylation in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Molecular docking analysis and key site mutation experiments suggested that ecgonone synthases CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3 adopt different active-site architectures to biosynthesize the same product ecgonone from the same substrate in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae. Further synteny analysis showed different evolutionary origins and trajectories of CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3, particularly the emergence of CYP81AN15 through the neofunctionalization of ancient tandem duplication genes. The combination of structural biology and comparative genomic analysis revealed that ecgonone methyltransferase, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of characteristic 2-substituted carboxymethyl group in cocaine, evolved from the tandem copies of salicylic acid methyltransferase by the mutations of critical E216 and S153 residues. Overall, we provided strong evidence for the independent origins of serial TA biosynthetic enzymes on the genomic and structural level, underlying the chemotypic convergence of TAs in phylogenetically distant species.
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Cocaína , Hiosciamina , Solanaceae , Filogenia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Tropanos , Solanaceae/genética , Genômica , Metiltransferases/genéticaRESUMO
The plant-specific family of WUSCHEL (WUS)-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors is key regulators of embryogenesis, meristem maintenance, and lateral organ development in flowering plants. The modern/WUS clade transcriptional repressor STENOFOLIA/LAMINA1(LAM1), and the intermediate/WOX9 clade transcriptional activator MtWOX9/NsWOX9 antagonistically regulate leaf blade expansion, but the molecular mechanism is unknown. Using transcriptome profiling and biochemical methods, we determined that NsCKX3 is the common target of LAM1 and NsWOX9 in Nicotiana sylvestris. LAM1 and NsWOX9 directly recognize and bind to the same cis-elements in the NsCKX3 promoter to repress and activate its expression, respectively, thus controlling the levels of active cytokinins in vivo. Disruption of NsCKX3 in the lam1 background yielded a phenotype similar to the knockdown of NsWOX9 in lam1, while overexpressing NsCKX3 resulted in narrower and shorter lam1 leaf blades reminiscent of NsWOX9 overexpression in the lam1 mutant. Moreover, we established that LAM1 physically interacts with NsWOX9, and this interaction is required to regulate NsCKX3 transcription. Taken together, our results indicate that repressor and activator WOX members oppositely regulate a common downstream target to function in leaf blade outgrowth, offering a novel insight into the role of local cytokinins in balancing cell proliferation and differentiation during lateral organ development.
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Medicago truncatula , Citocininas/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Homeostase/genética , Medicago truncatula/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its mechanism of onset remains unclear. Since impaired mitophagy has been implicated in multiple organs in SLE, we hypothesized that mitophagy dysfunction is critical in the development of LN and that pharmacologically targeting mitophagy would ameliorate this disease. Therefore, lupus-prone MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) and NZBWF1/J mice were treated with a novel mitophagy inducer, UMI-77, during their onset of LN. This treatment effectively mitigated kidney inflammation and damage as assessed by histology and flow cytometry. Furthermore, dendritic cell (DC)-T-cell coculture assay indicated that UMI-77 treatment attenuated DC function that would drive T-cell proliferation but did not directly influence the potent T-cell proliferation in lupus mice. UMI-77 also restored mitochondrial function and attenuated proinflammatory phenotypes in lupus DCs. Adoptive transfer of DCs from MRL/lpr mice augmented serum anti-dsDNA IgG, urine protein and T-cell infiltration of the kidney in MRL/MpJ mice, which could be prevented by either treating lupus donors in vivo or lupus DCs directly with UMI-77. UMI-77 also restored mitochondrial function in myeloid cells from patients with LN in vitro as evidenced by increased ATP levels. Thus, enhancing mitophagy in SLE restrains autoimmunity and limits kidney inflammation for LN development. Hence, our findings suggest targeting mitophagy as a tangible pathway to treat LN.
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Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Nefrite Lúpica , Sulfonamidas , Tioglicolatos , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Nefrite Lúpica/patologia , Autoantígenos , Mitofagia , Camundongos Endogâmicos MRL lpr , Rim/patologia , Células Mieloides , Inflamação/patologiaRESUMO
Molecular genetic understanding of flowering time regulation is crucial for sorghum development. GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT AND HEADING DATE 7 (SbGhd7) is one of the six classical loci conferring photoperiod sensitivity of sorghum flowering. However, its functions remain poorly studied. The molecular functions of SbGhd7 were characterized. The gene regulatory network controlled by SbGhd7 was constructed and validated. The biological roles of SbGhd7 and its major targets were studied. SbGhd7 overexpression (OE) completely prevented sorghum flowering. Additionally, we show that SbGhd7 is a major negative regulator of flowering, binding to the promoter motif TGAATG(A/T)(A/T/C) and repressing transcription of the major florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T 10 (SbFT10) and floral activators EARLY HEADING DATE (SbEhd1), FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (SbFKF1) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (SbELF3). Reinforcing the direct effect of SbGhd7, SbEhd1 OE activated the promoters of three functional florigens (SbFT1, SbFT8 and SbFT10), dramatically accelerating flowering. Our studies demonstrate that SbGhd7 is a major repressor of sorghum flowering by directly and indirectly targeting genes for flowering activation. The mechanism appears ancient. Our study extends the current model of floral transition regulation in sorghum and provides a framework for a comprehensive understanding of sorghum photoperiod response.
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Sorghum , Sorghum/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Flores/fisiologia , Florígeno/metabolismo , Fotoperíodo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de PlantasRESUMO
In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been increasing rapidly, posing a serious threat to human health. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, ventricular remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction in individuals with diabetes, ultimately leading to heart failure and mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms contributing to DCM remain incompletely understood. With advancements in molecular biology technology, accumulating evidence has shown that numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) crucial roles in the development and progression of DCM. This review aims to summarize recent studies on the involvement of three types of ncRNAs (micro RNA, long ncRNA and circular RNA) in the pathophysiology of DCM, with the goal of providing innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of DCM.
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Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas , RNA Circular , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/genética , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Animais , RNA Circular/genética , RNA Circular/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , RNA não Traduzido/genética , RNA não Traduzido/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Miocárdio/patologia , Miocárdio/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Rituximab has been proven effective and safe in pediatric patients with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (FR/SDNS). We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult FR/SDNS patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study at three nephrology centers in China included adult FR/SDNS patients with biopsy-proven MCD or FSGS. Primary outcomes were relapse frequency and first relapse-free survival time. Adverse events were well recorded, and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors of relapse. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients (age, 25.0 years; interquartile range, 20.0-40.5; 67% males; 82.7% MCD) received an average rituximab dose of 1,393.8 ± 618.7 mg/2 years during the 2-year follow-up period. The relapse frequency, calculated as the ratio of relapse times to follow-up years, significantly decreased after rituximab treatment (0.04 [0.00, 0.08] vs. 1.71 [1.00, 2.45], p < 0.001). The first relapse-free survival time was 16.7 ± 8.0 months. Fifty-seven patients (70.4%) achieved cessation of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants within 3 months after the first rituximab infusion. Adverse events were mostly mild, and no severe treatment-related adverse events were observed. Low serum albumin level before rituximab and high CD56+CD16+ natural killer cell count after rituximab were independent risk factors of relapse within 2 years after rituximab treatment. CONCLUSION: Rituximab was proven an effective and safe treatment option for adult FR/SDNS patients with MCD or FSGS in maintaining disease remission and minimizing corticosteroid exposure.
Assuntos
Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal , Nefrose Lipoide , Síndrome Nefrótica , Masculino , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/complicações , Glomerulosclerose Segmentar e Focal/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome Nefrótica/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Nefrótica/induzido quimicamente , Nefrose Lipoide/tratamento farmacológico , Nefrose Lipoide/induzido quimicamente , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Recidiva , Doença Crônica , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: IgA vasculitis nephritis is the most common secondary IgA nephropathy. Urinary C4d have been identified associated with the development and progression in primary IgA nephropathy. However, its role in kidney disease progression of IgA vasculitis nephritis is still unclear. METHODS: This study enrolled 139 patients with IgA vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN), 18 healthy subjects, 23 Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis patients and 38 IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Urinary C4d levels at kidney biopsy were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association between urinary C4d/creatinine and kidney disease progression event, defined as 40% eGFR decline or ESKD, was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines. RESULTS: The levels of urinary C4d/creatinine in IgAVN and IgAN patients were higher than in healthy controls. Higher levels of urinary C4d/creatinine were associated with higher proteinuria and severe Oxford C lesions and glomerular C4d deposition. After a median follow-up of 52.79 months, 18 (12.95%) participants reached composite kidney disease progression event. The risk of kidney disease progression event was higher with higher levels of ln (urinary C4d/creatinine). After adjustment for clinical data, higher levels of urinary C4d/creatinine were associated with kidney disease progression in IgA vasculitis nephritis (per ln transformed urinary C4d/creatinine, hazard ratio (HR) =1.573, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.101-2.245; P = 0.013). Compared to the lower C4d/creatinine group, hazard ratio was 5.539(95%CI, 1.135-27.035; P = 0.034) for the higher levels group. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of urinary C4d/creatinine were associated with kidney disease progression event in patients IgAVN.
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PURPOSE: Reducing operative injuries is important in living donor nephrectomy. The robot-assisted transperitoneal approach has some advantages than traditional laparoscopic techniques. However, longer operation time and risks of abdominal complications indicate the need for improved techniques. The aim of this study is to present the robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal donor nephrectomy and evaluate its safety and feasibility. METHODS: This was a retrospective study. From June 2016 to December 2020, 218 living donors underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal donor nephrectomy. Perioperative data such as operation time, warm ischemia time, length of stay and complications were collected and analyzed. To evaluate the feasibility of this surgical technique, the cumulative summation method was used to construct a learning curve. RESULTS: There were 60 male and 158 female donors aged 36-72 years, with an average age of 53.1 ± 6.8 years. Three patients (1.4%) were converted to open surgery. The mean operation time was 115.4 ± 41.9 min, the warm ischemia time was 206.6 ± 146.7 s, and the length of stay was 4.1 ± 1.4 days. Complications were reported in 22 patients (10.1%), three of whom (1.4%) had ClavienâDindo IIIa complications. No ileus occurred. No donors were readmitted. Four patients had delayed graft function. The cumulative summation curve showed that the number needed to reach proficiency was 33. The operation time and warm ischemia time after technical proficiency were 100.4 ± 21.6 min and 142.5 ± 50.7 s, respectively. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic retroperitoneal donor nephrectomy is a safe and efficient technique that offers advantages of shorter operation time and no abdominal organ interference.
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Transplante de Rim , Laparoscopia , Robótica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Nefrectomia/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Doadores VivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To construct and validate a prediction model of the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with hepatic dysfunction receiving continuous renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA-CRRT), which reduces the risk of citrate accumulation. METHODS: All patients who received RCA-CRRT from 2021 to 2022 and were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were considered for study participation. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for citrate accumulation, based on which a nomogram model was constructed and validated in the validation group. RESULTS: Six factors were finally identified, from which a nomogram was created to predict the risk of citrate accumulation. The area under the curve of the prediction model was 0.814 in the training group and 0.819 in the validation group, and the model showed acceptable agreement between the actual and predicted probabilities. Decision curve analysis also demonstrated that the model was clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS: The model constructed from six factors reliably predicted the risk of citrate accumulation in patients with hepatic insufficiency who received RCA-CRRT.
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Terapia de Substituição Renal Contínua , Insuficiência Hepática , Humanos , Ácido Cítrico , Citratos/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Risco , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The medical knowledge graph provides explainable decision support, helping clinicians with prompt diagnosis and treatment suggestions. However, in real-world clinical practice, patients visit different hospitals seeking various medical services, resulting in fragmented patient data across hospitals. With data security issues, data fragmentation limits the application of knowledge graphs because single-hospital data cannot provide complete evidence for generating precise decision support and comprehensive explanations. It is important to study new methods for knowledge graph systems to integrate into multicenter, information-sensitive medical environments, using fragmented patient records for decision support while maintaining data privacy and security. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to propose an electronic health record (EHR)-oriented knowledge graph system for collaborative reasoning with multicenter fragmented patient medical data, all the while preserving data privacy. METHODS: The study introduced an EHR knowledge graph framework and a novel collaborative reasoning process for utilizing multicenter fragmented information. The system was deployed in each hospital and used a unified semantic structure and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary to standardize the local EHR data set. The system transforms local EHR data into semantic formats and performs semantic reasoning to generate intermediate reasoning findings. The generated intermediate findings used hypernym concepts to isolate original medical data. The intermediate findings and hash-encrypted patient identities were synchronized through a blockchain network. The multicenter intermediate findings were collaborated for final reasoning and clinical decision support without gathering original EHR data. RESULTS: The system underwent evaluation through an application study involving the utilization of multicenter fragmented EHR data to alert non-nephrology clinicians about overlooked patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered 1185 patients in nonnephrology departments from 3 hospitals. The patients visited at least two of the hospitals. Of these, 124 patients were identified as meeting CKD diagnosis criteria through collaborative reasoning using multicenter EHR data, whereas the data from individual hospitals alone could not facilitate the identification of CKD in these patients. The assessment by clinicians indicated that 78/91 (86%) patients were CKD positive. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system was able to effectively utilize multicenter fragmented EHR data for clinical application. The application study showed the clinical benefits of the system with prompt and comprehensive decision support.
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Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
Outdoor thermal comfort has become an important factor affecting human mental and physical health due to rapid urbanization. This study aimed to investigate the influence of brightness and prominent colors on thermal perception in hot summer and cold winter regions. Meteorological measurements were conducted accompanied by subjective thermal and visual questionnaires (n = 2020) during summer and winter. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) was applied as thermal indices to evaluate the influence of visual conditions on thermal perception. The results showed that (1) the neutral PET is 20.2 °C with a range of 14.8 ~ 25.7 °C in Chongqing and neutral illumination range is 0 ~ 8663 lx. (2) Thermal sensitivity is most great in neutral brightness than bright and too bright groups. The influence of outdoor prominent colors in winter supports hue-heat hypothesis. However, in summer, result only supports the hypothesis under low thermal stress. Both cool and warm colors can reduce the thermal sensitivity of visitors compared to neutral colors (gray and white). (3) The interactions between colors and brightness are more obvious under low thermal stress levels. (4) Thermal perceptions of females are more greatly affected by brightness and prominent colors compared with males. These results could help landscape designers better understand the correlation between the thermal and visual environments and provide a reference for comprehensive designs of urban open spaces.
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Cor , Sensação Térmica , Humanos , China , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estações do Ano , TemperaturaRESUMO
Backgrounds: The malfunction of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter is still an intractable problem. A modified open surgical revision technique with suturing fixation and without catheter removal for malfunctioning catheter was developed to evaluated the efficacy and safety between simultaneous catheter replacement technique.Methods: A total of 167 PD patients with malfunctioning catheter were retrospectively reviewed. For the salvage of PD catheters, patients underwent modified open surgical revision (group A) or simultaneous catheter replacement (group B). The baseline characteristics before operation, perioperative condition, complications and outcomes were compared between both groups.Results: Patients of group A showed significantly shorter operative time (67.4 ± 22.1 versus 82.8 ± 21.1 min, p = 0.009), less postoperative pain score within 24 h (median 0.0 versus 2.0, p < 0.001), quicker start of PD (1.06 ± 0.31 versus 1.89 ± 0.89 days, p < 0.001), shorter length of stay (9.89 ± 5.11 versus 12.55 ± 7.37 days, p = 0.020) than group B. In terms of complications, the incidence of recurred catheter malfunction in group A was significantly lower than those in group B (1/114 versus 12/53, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in mechanical complications (bloody effluent, dialysate leakage, and hernia) and early peritonitis between the groups. The group A patients had a favorable catheter survival rate compared with group B (log-rank, p = 0.004).Conclusions: Our modified open surgical revision technique is a safe, simple and fast method, and offers a better outcome with minimal risk of recurrence of catheter malfunction without additional cost and equipment. This technique is worthy of clinical application.
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Cateteres de Demora , Falha de Equipamento , Diálise Peritoneal , Reoperação , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Diálise Peritoneal/instrumentação , Diálise Peritoneal/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Adulto , Remoção de Dispositivo/métodos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Tempo de Internação , Resultado do Tratamento , Duração da Cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
Abnormal serum Na (SNa) levels are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. There are relatively few studies on the effect of SNa indicators on the prognosis of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). We aim to investigate the effect of long-term SNa levels on the survival and prognosis of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Newly entered HD patients in the registration system of Zhejiang Provincial Dialysis Quality Control Center between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were included and followed up until December 31, 2020. Multiple sodium levels were collected from patients, defining long-term SNa as the mean of multiple SNa, according to which patients were grouped, with the prognostic differences between subgroups compared by Kaplan-Meier modeling and multifactorial Cox regression modeling. Finally, a total of 21,701 patients were included in this study and Cox regression showed that decreased SNa levels (Na < 135 mmol/L, HR = 1.704, 95% CI 1.408-2.063, p < 0.001; 135â¦Naâ¦137.5 mmol/L, HR = 1.127,95% CI 1.016-1.250, p = 0.024) and elevated SNa levels (142.5 < Naâ¦145mmol/L, HR = 1.198, 95% CI 1.063-1.350, p = 0.003; Na > 145mmol/L, HR = 2.150, 95% CI 1.615-2.863, p < 0.001) were all independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in MHD patients.
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Falência Renal Crônica , Diálise Renal , Sódio , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sódio/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The analytical renal pathology system (ARPS) based on convolutional neural networks has been used successfully in native IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients. Considering the similarity of pathologic features, we aim to evaluate the performance of the ARPS in allograft IgAN patients and broaden its implementation. METHODS: Biopsy-proven allograft IgAN patients from two different centers were enrolled for internal and external validation. We implemented the ARPS to identify glomerular lesions and intrinsic glomerular cells, and then evaluated its performance. Consistency between the ARPS and pathologists was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients. The association of digital pathological features with clinical and pathological data was measured. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and cox proportional hazards model were applied to investigate prognosis prediction. RESULTS: A total of 56 biopsy-proven allograft IgAN patients from the internal center and 17 biopsy-proven allograft IgAN patients from the external center were enrolled in this study. The ARPS was successfully applied to identify the glomerular lesions (F1-score, 0.696-0.959) and quantify intrinsic glomerular cells (F1-score, 0.888-0.968) in allograft IgAN patients rapidly and precisely. Furthermore, the mesangial hypercellularity score was positively correlated with all mesangial metrics provided by ARPS [Spearman's correlation coefficient (r), 0.439-0.472, and all p values < 0.001]. Besides, a higher allograft survival was noticed among patients in the high-level groups of the maximum and ratio of endothelial cells, as well as the maximum and density of podocytes. CONCLUSION: We propose that the ARPS could be implemented in future clinical practice with outstanding capability.
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Glomerulonefrite por IGA , Humanos , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/cirurgia , Glomerulonefrite por IGA/patologia , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Glomérulos Renais/patologia , Transplante Homólogo , Prognóstico , Aloenxertos/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome lacking effective pharmacotherapy. Gambogic acid (GA), as an active ingredient of herbal medicines, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that benefit the treatment of AKI, but its poor aqueous solubility limits effective renal delivery. We, for the first time, developed GA-based nanoparticles (GA-NPs) with preferential renal uptake for AKI treatment. By PEGylating with NH2-PEG5000-NOTA, hydrophobic GA was self-assembled into â¼4.5 nm nanoparticles, which showed the enhanced renal accumulation in AKI models from PET images. Importantly, the in vitro cell assays and in vivo tests of the two AKI models have confirmed the obvious nephroprotective effects and biosafety of GA-NPs. Therefore, this work indicates that GA-NPs can be a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of AKI.
Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda , Nanopartículas , Humanos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Nanopartículas/química , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Polietilenoglicóis/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Lupus nephritis is a severe and common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis is characterized by B-cell activation and autoantibody formation. Rituximab and belimumab, as well as telitacicept, target B cells through different mechanisms, potentially exerting a synergistic effect in the treatment of lupus nephritis. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of treatment with rituximab followed by belimumab or telitacicept in the management of refractory lupus nephritis. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, open-label, retrospective study, including 25 patients with refractory lupus nephritis. All patients received combination therapy with rituximab in individualized dosages to achieve peripheral B-cell depletion, and then followed by belimumab or telitacicept. The follow-up period was at least 12 months, and the primary end point was renal remission rate at the last follow-up. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 19 (13, 29) months, 20 of 25 (80%) patients achieved objective remission (OR), including 19 (76%) patients achieved complete renal response (CRR). After rituximab (712 ± 416mg in average), 18 patients received belimumab and seven patients received telitacicept. In the rituximab plus telitacicept group, all patients achieved CRR; while in the rituximab plus belimumab group, 12 (66.7%) patients achieved CRR and 13 (72.2%) patients achieved OR. The mean SLEDAI-2K score decreased from 15 ± 6 to 6 ± 6, representing an average reduction of 60%. At the last follow-up, 18/25 (72%) had prednisone ≤ 5 mg/d or even discontinued prednisone use. Adverse effects were mainly immunoglobulin deficiency, respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infections, and rash. No death occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab followed by belimumab or telitacicept may be effective in inducing remission in refractory lupus nephritis, with tolerable adverse effects.
RESUMO
Renal fibrosis is the final common outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which remains a huge challenge due to a lack of targeted treatment. Growing evidence suggests that during the process of CKD, the integrity and function of mitochondria in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are generally impaired and strongly connected with the progression of renal fibrosis. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, could remove aberrant mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Deficiency of mitophagy has been reported to aggravate renal fibrosis. However, whether induction of mitophagy could alleviate renal fibrosis has not been stated. In this study, we explored the effect of mitophagy activation by UMI-77, a compound recently verified to induce mitophagy, on murine CKD model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and TECs in vitro. In UUO mice, we found the changes of mitochondrial damage, ROS production, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1/Smad pathway activation, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and renal fibrosis, and these changes were ameliorated by mitophagy enhancement using UMI-77. Moreover, TEC apoptosis, nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling activation, and interstitial inflammation after UUO were significantly mitigated by augmented mitophagy. Then, we found UMI-77 could effectively and safely induce mitophagy in TECs in vitro, and reduced TGF-ß1/Smad signaling and downstream profibrotic responses in TGF-ß1-treated TECs. These changes were restored by a mitophagy inhibitor. In conclusion, we demonstrated that mitophagy activation protected against renal fibrosis through improving mitochondrial fitness, downregulating TGF-ß1/Smad signaling and alleviating TEC injuries and inflammatory infiltration in kidneys.