An Unusual Presentation: High-Grade Serous Carcinoma of the Fallopian Tube Manifesting With Altered Mental Status Secondary to a Single Brain Metastasis-A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Epithelial ovarian and fallopian cancers are aggressive lesions that rarely metastasize to the central nervous system. Brain metastases usually occur in the setting of known primary disease or widespread metastatic disease. However, in extremely rare cases, an isolated intracranial neoplasm may be the first presentation of fallopian cancer. To the best of our knowledge, only one such case has been reported previously. We present an illustrative case with multimodality imaging and histopathologic correlation of a fallopian tube carcinoma first presenting with altered mental status secondary to an isolated brain metastasis. A 64-year-old female with no pertinent medical history presented with altered mentation. Initial workup identified a 1.6 cm avidly enhancing, solitary brain lesion at the gray-white junction with associated vasogenic edema concerning for either central nervous system lymphoma or metastatic disease. Additional imaging identified a 7.5 × 3 cm left adnexal lesion, initially thought to be a hydrosalpinx with hemorrhage, but magnetic resonance imaging suggested gynecologic malignancy. No lesions elsewhere in the body were identified. Given the lack of locoregional or systemic disease, the intracranial and pelvic lesions were assumed to represent synchronous but distinct processes. The intracranial lesion was biopsied. Preliminary results were suggestive of lymphoma, but further analysis was consistent with high-grade serous carcinoma of müllerian origin. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed to evaluate for other neoplastic lesions, only highlighting the intracranial and pelvic lesions. At this point, a diagnosis of metastatic fallopian cancer was made. The patient was taken for robot-assisted laparoscopy with surgical debulking of the pelvic neoplasm, pathology demonstrating high-grade serous carcinoma of the fallopian tube, matching that of the intracranial lesion. Even though rare, metastatic fallopian cancer should be considered in patients with isolated brain lesions and adnexal lesions, even in the absence of locoregional or systemic disease.

Smooth Muscle Tumors of the Uterus at MRI: Focus on Leiomyomas and FIGO Classification.

Leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors of the uterus and are the most common uterine neoplasm. Although leiomyomas are usually asymptomatic, they can manifest with symptoms such as pain or uterine bleeding. Leiomyomas are classified on the basis of their anatomic location and morphology. Localization of leiomyomas relative to the endometrium, myometrium, and uterine serosa with use of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification system is helpful for guiding management in symptomatic patients. The FIGO system is a practical and universally accepted approach for classifying leiomyomas to guide radiologists and clinicians in deciding management. The MRI appearance of conventional leiomyomas is related to their tissue contents of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue and is well established. The MRI features of some leiomyoma subtypes and forms of degeneration also have been described. Other smooth muscle tumors of the uterus recognized in the 2020 World Health Organization classification system include intravenous leiomyomatosis, smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential, and metastasizing leiomyoma. At the far end of the spectrum are leiomyosarcomas, which are frankly malignant and therefore must be managed accordingly. Although MRI features that suggest a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma have been proposed, these features overlap with those of some leiomyoma subtypes and degeneration. © RSNA, 2023 See the invited commentary by Fennessy and Gargiulo in this issue. Online supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.

Extraskeletal Ewing Sarcoma from Head to Toe: Multimodality Imaging Review.

Extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma (EES) is a rare subtype in the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT), which also includes Ewing sarcoma of bone (ESB) and, more recently, primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Although these tumors often have different manifestations, they are grouped on the basis of common genetic translocation and diagnosis from specific molecular and immunohistochemical features. While the large majority of ESFT cases occur in children and in bones, approximately 25% originate outside the skeleton as EES. Importantly, in the adult population these extraskeletal tumors are more common than ESB. Imaging findings of EES tumors are generally nonspecific, with some variation based on location and the tissues involved. A large tumor with central necrosis that does not cross the midline is typical. Despite often nonspecific findings, imaging plays an important role in the evaluation and management of ESFT, with MRI frequently the preferred imaging modality for primary tumor assessment and local staging. Chest CT and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT are most sensitive for detecting lung and other distant or nodal metastases. Management often involves chemotherapy with local surgical excision, when possible. A multidisciplinary treatment approach should be used given the propensity for large tumor size and local invasion, which can make resection difficult. Despite limited data, outcomes are similar to those of other ESFT cases, with 5-year survival exceeding 80%. However, with metastatic disease, the long-term prognosis is poor. ©RSNA, 2022.

Tumor-free margins and local recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of pathologic tumor-free margins and local recurrence in patients who underwent primary surgery for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, patients with stage I-III vulvar squamous cell carcinoma who underwent primary surgery between 2000 and 2018 were identified from the Mayo Clinic Cancer Registry. RESULTS: A total of 335 patients were included and divided into three groups according to tumor-free margins: group 1 (<3 mm, n = 32); group 2 (≥3 to <8 mm, n = 151); group 3 (≥8 mm, n = 152). The median follow-up time was 73 months (range 2-240). A total of 78 (23.3%) patients developed local recurrence. With the inverse propensity score weighing method adjusting baseline characters, margins <8 mm had inferior local control (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13-3.41). The 5-year local disease-free survival (DFS) was 48.2%, 81.5% and 84.6% for group 1, 2 and 3 respectively (p < 0.001). There were no differences in groin lymph nodes relapse (p = 0.850), distant metastases (p = 0.253), or disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.289) among the three groups. Margins <8 mm, midline involvement, multifocal disease, precancerous lesions on margins and depth of invasion >1 mm were found to be poor prognosticators for local DFS in univariate analysis. Multifocal disease was the strongest predictor for local recurrence in multivariate analysis (HR 4.32, 95% CI 2.67-6.99). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing primary surgery for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma with tumor free-margins <8 mm have a higher local recurrence rate.

Survival outcomes in patients with cervical cancer treated with open versus robotic radical hysterectomy: Our surgical pathology interrogation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the survival outcomes and surgical radicality between women who underwent open versus robotic radical hysterectomy (RH) for early cervical cancer. METHODS: In this institutional retrospective study, patients with clinical stage IA2- IIA (FIGO 2009) squamous cell, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix who underwent either open or robotic RH between 2000 and 2017 were identified. Parametrial width and vaginal length were re-measured from pathology slides. An inverse propensity score weighting model was used to adjust selection bias. RESULTS: A total of 333 patients were included (181 open, 152 robotic). The median follow-up time was 130 months for the open group and 53 months for the robotic group. There were 31 (17.1%) recurrences in the open and 21 (13.8%) in the robotic group. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) for the robotic and open group were 79.0% and 90.5%, respectively (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.40-4.02). Five-year overall survival (OS) were 85.8% and 95.3%, respectively (HR 3.17, 95% CI 1.76-5.70). The mean parametrial width was similar between the open and robotic groups (2.5 vs 2.4 cm, p = 0.99). Unique recurrences (38.1%, 8/21) were noted in the robotic group: 2 port-site, 4 peritoneal, and 2 carcinomatosis. The time to vaginal recurrence was shorter in the robotic group than the open group (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent robotic RH had inferior PFS and OS compared to open surgery. Surgical radicality according to pathology measurements was similar between the two approaches.

Catalytic decomposition performance for O3 and NO2 in humid indoor air on a MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst modified by a cost-effective chemical grafting method.

Processes based on non-thermal plasma (NTP) for indoor air treatment inevitably lead to the formation of toxic by-products such as ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Adding a step of heterogeneous catalysis in series with NTP could allow for the decomposition of the by-products. Therefore, different catalysts were developed based on transition metal oxides, such as NiOx, CoOx and MnOx with different weight percentage 1, 5 and 10wt.%, deposited on a γ-Al2O3 support. The O3 removal efficiency (ORE) and the NOx removal efficiency (NRE) were very encouraging in dry air: about 65% and 80%, respectively, by using 2g 5wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst under the experimental conditions. However, strongly negative effects of relative humidity (RH) on the catalytic decomposition performance were observed. To overcome this limitation, the catalyst surface was modified to make it hydrophobic using a cost-effective chemical grafting method. This treatment consisted in impregnating the 5wt.% MnOx/Al2O3 catalyst with different trichloro(alkyl)silanes (TCAS). The effects of different linker lengths and amounts of TCAS for the hydrophobicity and the decomposition performance of surface-modified catalysts under humid conditions were investigated. Our results show that the surface-modified catalyst with the shortest linker and 0.25mmol/gcat of modifying agent represents the best catalytic decomposition performance for O3. Its ORE is 41% at 60% RH, which is twice that of the non-modified catalyst.

Histopathologic, immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an uncommon but distinctive manifestation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurs in adults and children and can cause diagnostic problems, especially in small biopsies. Few studies have characterized the histologic and immunophenotypic features of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. t(11;19)(q21;p13) is considered disease-defining for mucoepidermoid carcinoma; its significance in pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma warrants further study. Forty three pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinomas were re-reviewed and graded according to the Brandwein grading system for mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Four cases were excluded because of a split opinion between pathology report and re-review. These cases were negative for MAML2 rearrangement by FISH. TTF-1, napsin A, p40 and p63 immunostains were scored: 0 (negative), 1 (1-25% tumor cells), 2 (26-50%), 3 (51-75%) or 4 (>75%). FISH to detect MAML2 rearrangement used a MAML2-11q21 break-apart probe. Thirty nine pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (4 low, 30 intermediate, 5 high grade) contained mucous, epidermoid and intermediate cells and lacked keratinization and in situ carcinoma of the overlying epithelium. All cases with available gross description (n=22) had a central/endo- or peribronchial location. All 25 cases tested for immunohistochemistry were positive (scores 1-4) for p63; 23 also expressed p40. In six cases, the p63 score was higher than p40. TTF-1 and napsin were uniformly negative in all 25 cases. MAML2 rearrangement was identified by FISH in each of the 24 cases tested (3 low, 19 intermediate, 2 high grade). Clinical history was available in 29 patients (15 men) (median age, 48 years) with follow-up in 24 (median, 8.4 years). Five patients died of unrelated causes; one developed metastatic pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In conclusion, features helpful in distinguishing pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other lung cancers include its central/endo- or peribronchial location together with the presence of mucous cells, p63 expression, lack of keratinization and MAML2 rearrangement. TTF-1 and napsin are typically not expressed.

Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis Is Associated With More Frequent and Abnormal Squamous Metaplasia.

OBJECTIVES: Gain insights into the pathophysiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) by investigating differences in transcriptome of subglottic mucosal tissue between patients with iSGS and controls, and between tracheal and subglottic tissue within patients. METHODS: RNA sequencing was conducted on biopsied mucosal samples collected from subglottic and tracheal (in-patient control) regions in iSGS patients, and from subglottis in controls. The gene expression differences were validated on a protein level by (1) staining the tissue samples obtained from a second cohort of patients and controls; and (2) in vitro functional assays using primary subglottic epithelial cells from both iSGS patients and healthy donors. RESULTS: We found 7 upregulated genes in the subglottic region of iSGS patients relative to both the tracheal mucosa and subglottic region of controls. A gene ontology enrichment analysis found that the epithelial cell differentiation and cornification pathways are significant, involving specifically 3 of the genes: involucrin (IVL), small proline rich protein 1B (SPRR1B), and keratin 16 (KRT16). Involvement of these pathways suggests squamous metaplasia of the epithelium. Histological analyses of epithelium in subglottic mucosal biopsies revealed squamous metaplasia in 41% of the samples from iSGS patients and in 25% from controls. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the samples presented with squamous epithelium revealed increased expression of the protein encoded by SPRR1B, hyperproliferative basal cells, shedding of apical layers, and accompanying lesions in iSGS compared to CTRL. Cultured primary subglottic epithelial cells from iSGS patients had higher proliferation rates compared to healthy donors and squamous metaplastic differentiation formed thinner epithelia with increased expression proteins encoded by INV, SPRR1B, and KRT16, suggesting intrinsic dysfunction of basal cells in iSGS. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal squamous differentiation of epithelial cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of iSGS. Patients having metaplastic epithelial phenotype may be sensitive to drugs that reverse it to a normal phenotype.

14-3-3 sigma is a useful immunohistochemical marker for diagnosing ovarian granulosa cell tumors and steroid cell tumors.

The distinction of ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) from other sex-cord stromal tumors may be difficult histologically. Many immunohistochemical markers have been studied for this differential diagnosis, but the available markers are not entirely specific for ovarian GCT. 14-3-3 sigma has been shown to play an anti-apoptotic role in maintaining the viability of immortalized granulosa cells. However, the potential use of this molecule as an immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of ovarian GCT has not been investigated. A total of 103 ovarian sex-cord stromal neoplasms were immunostained with 14-3-3 sigma. These tumors included 44 adult granulosa cell, 7 juvenile granulosa cell tumors, 12 steroid cell tumors, 3 well-differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, 5 Sertoli cell tumors, 10 thecomas, 18 fibromas, 2 primary ovarian endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 2 unclassified sex-cord stromal tumors. Ten ovaries with cystic follicles were also included as controls. Perinuclear or cytoplasmic stain was considered to be positive. Granulosa cells within the cystic follicles were positive for 14-3-3 sigma protein. All ovarian GCT (51/51) and all steroid cell tumors (12/12) were positive for 14-3-3 sigma, and all Sertoli cell tumors, fibromas, thecomas, ovarian endometrial stromal sarcomas, and sex-cord stromal tumors, unclassified, were negative for 14-3-3 sigma. The percentage of positive cell staining is statistically significant (P<0.0001) between the above 2 groups of sex-cord stromal tumors. These findings provide the initial evidence of the overexpression of 14-3-3 sigma in granulosa cells and steroid-hormone-secreting cells. They further indicate that immunohistochemical staining of 14-3-3 sigma may be a useful marker in facilitating the diagnosis of ovarian GCT and steroid cell tumors.

Surface adsorbed and lattice oxygen activated by the CeO2/Co3O4 interface for enhancive catalytic soot combustion: Experimental and theoretical investigations.

Metal oxide-oxide interface on supported catalyst has been rarely studied due to the complex interfacial structure and synthetic challenge. Herein, different Ag-supported CeO2/Co3O4 samples with various covered-state of CeO2 were prepared for catalytic soot oxidation. In comparison, catalytic activity was significantly improved by grafting CeO2 on Co3O4, in which the best performing Ag/CoCe-2 exhibited remarkable catalytic performance towards soot oxidation with a T50 of 290.5 â„ƒ under 10 % O2/N2. Catalyst characterization investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), quasi in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), in-situ Raman, etc. revealed that this outstanding promotion in catalytic activity can be principally ascribed to the formation of the CeO2/Co3O4 interface. An appropriate CeO2 dosage maximized the contact and interaction between Co3O4 and CeO2, resulting in the largest CeO2/Co3O4 interface featured with abundant generated superoxide species and activated surface lattice oxygen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also carried out for the oxygen vacancy formation energy, Gibbs free energy, etc. In presence of the CeO2/Co3O4 interface, a charge density redistribution around the adsorbed reactants at oxygen vacancies could be formed, owing to the efficient charge transfer enhanced by the electron-appealing effect. The change in electronic structure favored reducing the oxygen vacancy formation energy and boosting the lattice oxygen activation induced by the hybridized Co-O-Ce bonds, finally lowering the adsorption and activation barriers for reactive species and accelerating the reaction kinetics.

Unlocking High-Efficiency Methane Oxidation with Bimetallic Pd-Ce Catalysts under Zeolite Confinement.

Catalytic complete oxidation is an efficient approach to reducing methane emissions, a significant contributor to global warming. This approach requires active catalysts that are highly resistant to sintering and water vapor. In this work, we demonstrate that Pd nanoparticles confined within silicalite-1 zeolites (Pd@S-1), fabricated using a facile in situ encapsulation strategy, are highly active and stable in catalyzing methane oxidation and are superior to those supported on the S-1 surface due to a confinement effect. The activity of the confined Pd catalysts was further improved by co-confining a suitable amount of Ce within the S-1 zeolite (PdCe0.4@S-1), which is attributed to confinement-reinforced Pd-Ce interactions that promote the formation of oxygen vacancies and highly reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the introduction of Ce improves the hydrophobicity of the S-1 zeolite and, by forming Pd-Ce mixed oxides, inhibits the transformation of the active PdO phase to inactive Pd(OH)2 species. Overall, the bimetallic PdCe0.4@S-1 catalyst delivers exceptional outstanding activity and durability in complete methane oxidation, even in the presence of water vapor. This study may provide new prospects for the rational design of high-performance and durable Pd catalysts for complete methane oxidation.

Improving the process of ordering outside genomic testing for lung cancer FNA and small biopsy specimens - A multidisciplinary quality improvement project.

Objectives: Lung cancer is an important cause of mortality in the United States. Targeted mutation analysis has the potential to alter mortality in those with non-small-cell lung cancer. As such, the importance of timely tissue turnaround time (TAT) is substantial. We evaluated TAT at Mayo Clinic Arizona and found it to be delayed relative to national standards. Material and Methods: We conducted a series of plan, do, study, and act (PDSA) cycles at a single institution to identify areas for improvement with our lung cancer genomic testing. We assembled a multidisciplinary team and held serial meetings to discuss data from each PDSA cycle. Results: Using PDSA cycles and multidisciplinary discussions, we were able to identify a number of process limitations slowing TAT. We were then able to generate enhanced and timely communication between providers and pathology, educate and enforce the order/requisition workflow, and establish pathology accessioning with lung cancer specimens top priority. Conclusion: We were able to generate and implement a standard operating procedure for genomic testing of lung cancer specimens at our institution, thereby reducing tissue TAT.

Electrospun Ce-Mn oxide as an efficient catalyst for soot combustion: Ce-Mn synergy, soot-catalyst contact, and catalytic oxidation mechanism.

Increasing the contact efficiency and improving the intrinsic activity are two effective strategies to obtain efficient catalysts for soot combustion. Herein, the electrospinning method is used to synthesize fiber-like Ce-Mn oxide with a strong synergistic effect. The slow combustion of PVP in precursors and highly soluble manganese acetate in spinning solution facilitates the formation of fibrous Ce-Mn oxides. The fluid simulation clearly indicates that the slender and uniform fibers provide more interwoven macropores to capture soot particles than the cubes and spheres do. Accordingly, electrospun Ce-Mn oxide exhibits better catalytic activity than reference catalysts, including Ce-Mn oxides by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. The characterizations suggest that Mn3+ substitution into fluorite-type CeO2 enhances the reducibility through the acceleration of Mn-Ce electron transfer, improves the lattice oxygen mobility by weakening the Ce-O bonds, and induces oxygen vacancies for the activation of O2. The theoretical calculation reveals that the release of lattice oxygen becomes easy because of a low formation energy of oxygen vacancy, while the high reduction potential is beneficial for the activation of O2 on Ce3+-Ov (oxygen vacancies). Due to above Ce-Mn synergy, the CeMnOx-ES shows more active oxygen species and higher oxygen storage capacity than CeO2-ES and MnOx-ES. The theoretical calculation and experimental results suggest that the adsorbed O2 is more active than lattice oxygen and the catalytic oxidation mainly follows the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. This study indicates that electrospinning is a novel method to obtain efficient Ce-Mn oxide.

Methylated DNA Markers for Sporadic Colorectal and Endometrial Cancer Are Strongly Associated with Lynch Syndrome Cancers.

Lynch syndrome (LS) markedly increases risks of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Early detection biomarkers for LS cancers could reduce the needs for invasive screening and surgical prophylaxis.To validate a panel of methylated DNA markers (MDM) previously identified in sporadic colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer for discrimination of these cancers in LS.In a case-control design, previously identified MDMs for the detection of colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer were assayed by qMSP on tissue-extracted DNA. Results were normalized to ACTB values within each sample. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator models to classify colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer were trained on sporadic cases and controls and then applied to classify colorectal cancer and endometrial cancer, in those with LS, and cross-validated.We identified colorectal cancer cases (23 with LS, 48 sporadic), colorectal controls (32 LS, 48 sporadic), endometrial cancer cases (30 LS, 48 sporadic), and endometrial controls (29 LS, 37 sporadic). A 3-MDM panel (LASS4, LRRC4, and PPP2R5C) classified LS-CRC from LS controls with an AUC of 0.92 (0.84-0.99); results were similar for sporadic colorectal cancer. A 6-MDM panel (SFMBT2, MPZ, CYTH2, DIDO1, chr10.4479, and EMX2OS) discriminated LS-EC from LS controls with an AUC of 0.92 (0.83-1.0); the AUC for sporadic endometrial cancer versus sporadic controls was nominally higher, 0.99 (0.96-1.0).MDMs previously identified in sporadic endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer discriminate between endometrial cancer and benign endometrium and colorectal cancer and benign colorectum in LS. This supports the inclusion of patients with LS within future prospective clinical trials evaluating endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer MDMs and may provide a new avenue for cancer screening or surveillance in this high-risk population. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Lynch syndrome (LS) markedly increases risks of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Early detection biomarkers for LS cancers could reduce the needs for invasive screening and surgery. Methylated DNA markers previously identified in sporadic endometrial cancer and colorectal cancer discriminate between benign and cancer tissue in LS.

Cytopathologic analysis of stroma-poor salivary gland epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasms on fine needle aspiration.

OBJECTIVE: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms with epithelial/myoepithelial cells but rare or no stroma is usually difficult. Our aim was to study the cytomorphology of this cohort of FNA cases and evaluate the clinical follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: The diagnostic terminology for this group of aspirates was 'favor an epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland'. The cytologic smears of 32 such cases were retrieved and showed cellular smears with bland-appearing or mildly atypical epithelial and myoepithelial cells without typical chondromyxoid stroma seen in pleomorphic adenoma (PA). RESULTS: Twenty of the 32 cases had histologic follow-up. Ten of these 20 cases were PAs, including 8 cellular PAs. Two cases were basal cell adenomas, 1 case myoepithelioma and 1 case benign adenoma, not otherwise specified. Among the 6 malignant tumors on surgical resections, there were 3 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, 1 myoepithelial carcinoma, 1 basal cell adenocarcinoma and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although 14 of the 20 (70%) cases were benign neoplasms, a substantial amount of cases (30%) were malignant salivary gland neoplasms. The generic diagnostic terminology of 'epithelial/myoepithelial neoplasm of the salivary gland' and appropriate clinical follow-up are recommended for these cases.

Cytomorphology of NUTM1-rearranged sarcoma involving pleural fluid.

We describe an exceedingly rare cytology case of a NUTM1-rearranged sarcoma involving pleural fluid. A 48-year-old female presented with progressive abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed a 5.6 cm soft tissue mass in the right hemi-abdomen. Needle core biopsy of the mass showed a small round cell tumor. Extensive work-up including next generation sequencing (NGS) demonstrated a NUTM1:MXI1 rearranged sarcoma. The patient was first treated with ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) chemotherapy. She responded initially and then progressed with multiple masses in the abdomen and pleural effusion. The cytology of the pleural effusion showed clusters and single small round blue cells. Some of them displayed rhabdoid morphology. Immunostains of NUT antibody on cell block demonstrated strong positivity of NUT. NUTM1-rearranged sarcoma is an emerging class of mesenchymal neoplasm and the cytomorphology of this neoplasm in liquid-based cytology (LBC) is yet to be described. We herein reported the first cytology case of NUTM1-rearranged sarcoma in pleural fluid.

Porous stainless-steel fibers supported CuCeFeOx/Zeolite catalysts for the enhanced CO oxidation: Experimental and kinetic studies.

To develop novel catalysts of high-performance and cost-effectiveness, and to investigate the reaction kinetics of CO oxidation, ternary CuCeFeOx catalysts supported on zeolite/PSF (porous stainless-steel fibers) were synthesized for the first time. Effects of different Ce/Fe ratios, loading amounts, calcination temperatures, and reaction kinetics were investigated. Remarkably improved catalytic performance was achieved in the PSF-supported catalysts compared to the granular ones, owing to the increased mass/heat transfer efficiency and the high dispersion of active metal oxide species anchored on the zeolite layer. The Cu3Ce12Fe4-400 sample exhibited the best catalytic activity with a temperature difference in T90 of almost 40 °C lower than the worst one. Characterization results from XRD, FTIR, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, etc. revealed that the promoted reducibility of metal oxides and formation of more oxygen vacancies significantly contributed to the enhanced catalytic activity. Furthermore, a generalized rate expression was derived from intrinsic and macro kinetic studies by assuming the conversion of CO to CO2 as the rate-determining step, in which CO oxidation over the PSF-supported catalysts followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic established by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood type mechanism.