Comparison of the effects of ampulla-guided realignment and conventional gallbladder triangle anatomy in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of ampulla-guided realignment and conventional gallbladder triangle anatomy in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC). METHODS: From June 2021 to August 2022, data from 100 patients undergoing DLC at Nanjing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into two groups: the experimental group (LC with the ampulla-guided realignment) and the control group (conventional LC with triangular gallbladder anatomy), with 50 patients per group. The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative drainage tube indwelling time, hospitalization time, bile duct injury rate, operation conversion rate, and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the two groups. The pain response and daily activities of the patients in the two groups were evaluated 48 h after the operation. RESULTS: The amount of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage tube indwelling time, hospital stay, operation conversion rate, pain degree at 24 and 48 h after operation, bile duct injury incidence, and total postoperative complication rate were shorter or lower in the experimental group than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The Barthel index scores of both groups were higher 48 h after the operation than before the operation, and the experimental group was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The ampulla-guided alignment in DLC surgery was more beneficial in promoting postoperative recovery, reducing postoperative pain response, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications, and reducing bile duct injury.

[Predictive analysis of quality markers of Coptidis Rhizoma based on network pharmacology and multivariate statistical analysis].

Coptidis Rhizoma, as a bulk medicinal material, is in great demand in clinical practice. Its quality is uneven in the market due to the mixture of genuine, counterfeit and adulterants. Therefore, it is particularly important to establish a quality control system for Coptidis Rhizoma. Based on the concept of Chinese medicine quality marker(Q-marker), the potential quality markers of Coptidis Rhizoma were analyzed and predicted from the perspective of chemistry and pharmacology. The sources of the Q-markers of Coptidis Rhizoma were identified by literature retrieval. The potential Q-markers were then screened through the visualization of the "components-targets-pathways" network. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to establish a multi-indicator qualitative and quantitative control method featuring fingerprints for 10 batches of Coptidis Rhizoma. A supervised mode of orthogonality partial least squares method-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) was used to screen the main marker components that caused differences between groups. The literature review results showed that the alkaloids were the main source of Coptidis Rhizoma Q-markers.The fingerprints of 13 common peaks were successfully established, and berberine, palmatine, berberine and epiberberine were selected as Q-markers of Coptidis Rhizoma, and their contents were determined.Based on the concept of the Q-marker of traditional Chinese medicine, the four components can be selected as the Q-marker of Coptidis Rhizoma after comprehensive consideration. The results of this study are not only conducive to the quality evaluation of Coptidis Rhizoma on the market, but also provide a reference for the overall quality control of Coptidis Rhizoma and lay foundation for the future exploration of the mechanism of Coptidis Rhizoma.

The influences of "gas" viscosity on water entry of hydrophobic spheres.

An extremely thin gas film was found between a sphere and a free surface when the sphere impacted onto a water pool. That might influence the generation and evolution of water entry cavity. However, it is quite difficult to be captured through normal numerical and experimental tests. In this work, by using a finite element method we investigate the water entry of a hydrophobic sphere with gas viscosity artificially increased. The air film rupture in the early stage, contact line dynamics on a curved solid surface, and air pocket formation are investigated. The numerical results reveal that the lifetime of the gas film can be predicted by a viscous squeezing flow model qualitatively well. That relates to the fact that the gas film is much thinner than the diameter of the sphere, even when the gas viscosity is 100 times as large as the liquid one. However, inviscid flow can be found in the most part of the liquid bulk. The free surface profile (or the gas film profile) is then determined by the impact speed, namely the Weber number. More importantly, after the "gas" film ruptures at the bottom of the sphere, a contact line is generated. The contact line retracts along the sphere's surface, and the retracting speed fulfils [Formula: see text] law generally. This implies that the retracting process of the gas film is dominated by the inertia-capillary balance, rather than simply by the visco-capillary.

A novel pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular organic framework gel to achieve an ultrasensitive response by introducing the competition of cationπ and ππ interactions.

Ultrasensitive response properties are an intriguing concern for stimuli-responsive materials. Herein, we report a novel method to achieve an ultrasensitive response by introducing the competition of cationπ and ππ interactions into a pillar[5]arene-based supramolecular organic framework (SOF-AMP). SOF-AMP was constructed with a novel bis-naphthalimide functionalized pillar[5]arene, which was able to form a stable supramolecular gel (SOF-AMP-G) in cyclohexanol. Interestingly, SOF-AMP-G shows an ultrasensitive response to Fe3+ through the competition of cationπ and ππ interactions. Meanwhile, the Fe3+ coordinated SOF (MSOF-Fe) shows an ultrasensitive response to H2PO4-. SOF-AMP-G displayed yellow fluorescence whereas, after the addition of 0.5 equiv. of Fe3+ to SOF-AMP-G, the yellow fluorescence was quenched. The detection limit of SOF-AMP-G for Fe3+ is 7.54 × 10-9 M. More interestingly, the Fe3+ coordinated SOF gel (MSOF-Fe-G) could sense H2PO4- with a fluorescence "turn-on". The detection limit of MSOF-Fe-G for H2PO4- is 4.21 × 10-9 M. Simultaneously, the Fe3+ and H2PO4- responsive thin films based on these SOF gels were prepared. Moreover, these SOF gels could be used as ultrasensitive ion sensors, fluorescent display materials and sensitive logic gates.

Morphological classification and dynamics of a two-dimensional drop sliding on a vertical plate.

A two-dimensional drop sliding down a plate under the action of gravity is numerically studied. A lattice Boltzmann method coupled with the phase field method is utilized, which can well capture the motion of the three-phase contact line. The morphologies of the sliding drop and corresponding force balance during the process are considered. It is found that there are two basic sliding modes of the drop with various gravitational and viscous effects. The viscous shear stress ( [Formula: see text] from the wall acts on the bottom of the drop, and it is divided in two parts. One is in the contact line region, and the other on the rest part of the solid-liquid interface (contacting area). The former one appears as [Formula: see text] -peaks, which are purely determined by the intrinsic contact angle ( [Formula: see text] and sliding speed. They are very local. When the gravity is small, the drop slides down very slowly, and such shear force can balance the gravity. Meanwhile, the shape of the droplet can be interestingly characterized as a "pendant drop". When the gravity increases, an additional shear force is generated mainly due to the appearing of a trail at the rear part of the drop. The de-wetting failure condition makes the sliding velocity almost constant in this regime. The present study is also valuable to understand the physics of three-dimensional drop sliding.

Pattern and risk factors of intravesical recurrence after nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: a large Chinese center experience.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: There is currently no consensus about the pattern and risk factors of bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy, especially in the Chinese population. We evaluated the pattern and risk factors based on data from a large Chinese center. METHODS: The clinical and pathological data of 438 patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), who underwent nephroureterectomy at Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China between 2000 and 2010, was retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis by log-rank test and multivariate analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to determine the independent risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 135 patients (30.8%) developed intravesical recurrence within a median follow-up of 45 months (range: 12-144 months). The median interval of bladder recurrence was 15 months (range: 2.0-98.0 months), and the two peaks for recurrence were 4-6 months and 17-19 months. Lower tumor grade, tumor multifocality, concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS) and tumors located in the lower ureter were significant risk factors by univariate and multivariate analysis. A risk-scoring system was developed and a significant difference was found between different risk evaluations. Patients with concomitant CIS tended to develop a late bladder recurrence. One hundred and eighteen patients (87.4%) received transurethral resection after bladder tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Lower tumor grade, tumor multifocality, concomitant CIS and tumors located in the lower ureter tend to be predictive for bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy, although the underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated, and the scoring system could help risk stratification. Most recurrent tumors could be treated by transurethral resection and there were two peaks for recurrence, which is probably related to the mechanisms and may be unique to the Chinese population.

Clinical and economic comparison of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for primary hepatolithiasis: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) for hepatolithiasis confers better clinical benefit and lower hospital costs than open hepatectomy (OH). This study aim to evaluate the clinical and economic value of LH versus OH. METHODS: Patients undergoing OH or LH for primary hepatolithiasis at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College between 2015 and 2022 were divided into OH group and LH group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data. Deviation-based cost modelling and weighted average median cost (WAMC) were used to assess and compare the economic value. RESULTS: A total of 853 patients were identified. After exclusions, 403 patients with primary hepatolithiasis underwent anatomical hepatectomy (OH n=143; LH n=260). PSM resulted in 2 groups of 100 patients each. Although LH required a longer median operation duration compared with OH (285.0 versus 240.0 min, respectively, P<0.001), LH patients had fewer wound infections, fewer pre-discharge overall complications (26 versus 43%, respectively, P=0.009), and shorter median postoperative hospital stays (8.0 versus 12.0 days, respectively, P<0.001). No differences were found in blood loss, major complications, stone clearance, and mortality between the two matched groups. However, the median overall hospital cost of LH was significantly higher than that of OH (CNY¥52,196.1 versus 45,349.5, respectively, P=0.007). Although LH patients had shorter median postoperative hospital stays and fewer complications than OH patients, the WAMC was still higher for the LH group than for the OH group with an increase of CNY¥9,755.2 per patient undergoing LH. CONCLUSION: The overall clinical benefit of LH for hepatolithiasis is comparable or even superior to that of OH, but with an economic disadvantage. There is a need to effectively reduce the hospital costs of LH and the gap between costs and diagnosis-related group reimbursement to promote its adoption.

Predictive factors for worse pathological outcomes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: experience from a nationwide high-volume centre in China.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the predictive factors for worse pathological outcome (muscle invasive pT2+, non-organ-confined pT3+ or N+ and histological Grade 3) of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in a Chinese population from a nationwide high-volume centre in China. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Predictors were studied by retrospectively reviewing the clinicopathological data of 729 consecutive patients with UTUC treated in our centre from January 2002 to December 2010. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS: There were more female patients (56.4%) than males and more tumours were located in the ureter (52.7%) than in the pelvis. In multivariate analysis, male gender (hazard ratio [HR] 1.898, P = 0.001), sessile architecture (HR 3.249, P < 0.001), high grade (HR 5.007, P < 0.001), ipsilateral hydronephrosis (HR 4.768, P < 0.001), renal pelvis location (HR 2.620, P < 0.001) and tumour without multifocality (HR 1.639, P = 0.028) were predictive factors for muscle-invasive UTUC. Male gender (HR 2.132, P < 0.001), renal pelvis location (HR 3.466, P < 0.001), tumour without multifocality (HR 2.532, P = 0.001), sessile tumour architecture (HR 3.274, P < 0.001), and high grade (HR 3.019, P < 0.001) were predictive factors for non-organ-confined disease. Chronological old age (HR 1.047, P < 0.001), sessile tumour architecture (HR 25.192, P < 0.001), ipsilateral hydronephrosis (HR 1.689, P = 0.024), and positive urinary cytology (HR 1.997, P = 0.006) were predictive factors for histological Grade 3 UTUC. CONCLUSIONS: There was a predominance of female patients and ureteric tumours in UTUCs of this Chinese population. Male gender, sessile architecture, tumour location, tumour without multifocality, high histological grade and preoperative ipsilateral hydronephrosis were independent predictive factors for worse pathological outcome of UTUCs.

Therapeutic effects of valproate combined with lithium carbonate on MPTP-induced parkinsonism in mice: possible mediation through enhanced autophagy.

In order to investigate the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of valproate combined with lithium carbonate on mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), male C57BL/6 mice were injected into intraperitoneal with valproate (20 µg/ml) combined with lithium carbonate (10 µg/ml) for 7 days following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (30 mg/kg) administration, and the effects on motor function were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect alterations in the expression of PD biomarkers, including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the level of autophagy was evaluated by the detection of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3). In addition, the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters were measured in the striatum using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After MPTP exposure, all groups manifested decreased rolling bar latency and spontaneous activity, in addition to increased pole-climbing time. The combined treatment group exhibited a recovery of rolling bar latency and pole-climbing time. The number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra following MPTP treatment was higher in the combined treatment group compared with the positive control group (p = .003). Immunoreactivity for LC3 was higher in the combined treatment group than in the controls (p = .003). The concentrations of both striatal dopamine and the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) were decreased in both MPTP-treated groups compared with the controls. The loss of DOPAC was less severe in the combined treatment group relative to the positive control group (p = .001). Therefore, we infer that valproate combined with lithium carbonate can rescue dopaminergic neurons and ameliorate the loss of DOPAC following MPTP treatment, likely via activation of autophagic/lysosomal pathways.

Effects of nitrogen addition on rhizosphere soil properties in a salinized grassland.

We explored the impacts of nitrogen (N) inputs and the rhizosphere effect on the properties of rhizosphere and bulk soils in a salinized grassland in Northern Shanxi under N addition rates of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 g N·m-2·a-1. The results showed that N addition significantly decreased soil pH, but significantly increased Ca2+, NO3--N and inorganic nitrogen contents in rhizosphere and bulk soil. With the increases of N addition rates, the contents of Ca2+, NO3--N, inorganic nitrogen in rhizosphere and bulk soils and total nitrogen in rhizosphere soil increased gradually, whereas the contents of Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4+-N and amino acid in rhizosphere soil, and total nitrogen in bulk soil first increased and then decreased. Results of the principal component analysis showed that the responses of soil properties to low (≤8 g·m-2·a-1) and high nitrogen addition rates (>8 g·m-2·a-1) were significantly different. Compared with bulk soil, soil pH, the contents of organic acids and amino acids in rhizosphere soil were significantly lower by 0.71 units, 44.3% and 9.8%, respectively, while the contents of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+-N, inorganic nitrogen, total carbon and total nitrogen in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher by 51.0%, 47.6%, 20.8%, 215.5%, 139.3%, 31.7% and 65.3%, respectively. These results indicated that rhizosphere effect on soil properties was stronger than that of nitrogen addition.

Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16 and in situ recovery by PDMS/ceramic composite membrane.

PDMS/ceramic composite membrane was directly integrated with acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16 at 37 °C and in situ removing ABE from fermentation broth. The membrane was integrated with batch fermentation, and approximately 46 % solvent was extracted. The solvent in permeates was 118 g/L, and solvent productivity was 0.303 g/(L/h), which was approximately 33 % higher compared with the batch fermentation without in situ recovery. The fed-batch fermentation with in situ recovery by pervaporation continued for more than 200 h, 61 % solvent was extracted, and the solvent in penetration was 96.2 g/L. The total flux ranged from 0.338 to 0.847 kg/(m(2)/h) and the separation factor of butanol ranged from 5.1 to 27.1 in this process. The membrane was fouled by the active fermentation broth, nevertheless the separation performances were partially recovered by offline membrane cleaning, and the solvent productivity was increased to 0.252 g/(L/h), which was 19 % higher compared with that in situ recovery process without membrane cleaning.

[Predictive value of prostate-specific antigen and Gleason sum for results of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason sum for results of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in prostate cancer patients, in order to determine when to perform a radionuclide bone scintigraphy in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 624 consecutive patients with a pathology diagnosis of prostate cancer hospitalized in Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital between Jan. 1994 and Dec. 2005, and evaluated the relationships between results of bone scintigraphy and serum tPSA, and between bone scintigraphy and Gleason sum. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were analyzed to determine the cut-off values of tPSA and Gleason sum for predicting positive results of bone scintigraphy. RESULTS: In the study, 443 patients underwent both a radionuclide bone scan and a serum PSA test prior to treatment, of whom, 216 (48.8%) got positive results, and 338 also possessed the Gleason sum for pathological evaluation. The serum tPSA levels were significantly higher in patients with positive results of the bone scan ( median: 71.00 µg/L; range: 1.30-2 400.00 µg/L) than those with negative results ( median: 60.00 µg/L; range: 0.60-201.00 µg/L; rank P<0.001), and the Gleason sums were also significantly higher in positive-bone-scan patients than in negative-bone-scan patients (7.7±1.5 vs. 6.7±1.8, P<0.001). Linear regression analysis suggested significant positive correlation between the results of the bone scan and the two afore-mentioned parameters, respectively (lg[PSA]: r=0.933, B=0.352, P=0.001; Gleason sum: r=0.971, B=0.096, P<0.001). The incidence of a positive bone scan result was 9.0% in patients with tPSA<10 µg/L and 3.8% in patients with Gleason sum<5. When the indication for bone scan was established as tPSA>15 µg/L or Gleason sum≥7,its sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy for positive results were 97.5%, 24.7%, 54.4%, 91.5% and 60.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In patients with prostate cancer, their positive results of the bone scan are significantly positively correlated to their higher PSA levels and higher Gleason sums, respectively. Our analyses suggest that a patient with newly diagnosed prostate cancer would not need to undergo radionuclide bone scintigraphy when the PSA level is lower than 10 µg/L and Gleason sum is less than 5, and that a prostate cancer patient with tPSA>15 µ g/L or Gleason sum≥7 should take a bone scintigraphy.

Laparoscopic Single-Incision Triangulated Umbilical Surgery Adrenalectomy for Large (>5 cm) Tumors of the Adrenal Gland: Initial Experience with 16 Cases.

Background and ObjectivesLaparoscopic single-incision triangulated umbilical surgery (SITUS), which enables the extraction of intraabdominal specimens through a single umbilical incision, has yet to be used to perform adrenalectomy. We have modified SITUS to enable extraction of large (>5 cm) adrenal masses with optimal cosmetic outcomes and investigated efficacy and safety. Methods. In this retrospective study, we analyzed data of 16 patients with adrenal tumors >5 cm who had undergone adrenalectomy by SITUS between October 2015 and April 2018. Two C-shaped incisions were made around the umbilicus and sutured centripetally. After extracting the specimen, we evaluated these patients' operative/postoperative data. Results. SITUS was performed in all 16 patients without conversion to laparoscopic or open surgery. The mean operation time was 75.31 ± 21.54 min (intraperitoneal time 41.94 ± 17.57 min; incision suturing time 33.38 ± 6.34 min). The estimated median blood loss was 57.5 mL (range 30-610 mL). Drainage time and duration of hospital stay were 55.69 ± 12.92 h and 3.94 ± 0.90 d, respectively. After surgery, all incisions were hidden under the umbilicus. Three patients developed keloid diathesis, resulting in enlargement of their scars. Conclusions. SITUS is a safe and feasible procedure for removing large adrenal tumors. In addition to its cosmetic advantages, SITUS facilitates functional recovery, particularly in patients with large adrenal tumors.

[Complete transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the surgical skills and clinical value of complete transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy. METHODS: We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 25 patients (14 renal pelvic carcinoma and 11 carcinoma of ulreter, right side 15 and left side 10) who underwent complete transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) in Peking University First Hospital from May 2010 to April 2011. RESULTS: All the operations were successfully done by one surgeon with standard 4 or 5 trocars technique. The mean operative time was 150 min (120-180 min), the blood loss about 20-100 mL (mean 40 mL) and no severe complications observed. The postoperative hospital stay was 4-6 days with an average length of 5.5 days. The mean follow-up was 5.5 (1-11) months. One of 19 patients underwent trans urethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) for recurrent non-muscle invasive bladder tumor. CONCLUSION: Complete transperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy is a minimally invasive, safe and effective way to treat UUT-UC. The patients recover soon and have a shorter length of stay.

The effect of Gö6976 on chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo.

Objectives: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant tumor of the blood system. Gö6976, as a type of indolocarbazole and shows strong antitumor effects, but there have been no reports on the effect of Gö6976 on CML. The objectives of this research were: (1) to explore the impact of Gö6976 on CML in vitro and in vivo; and (2) to explore the drug toxicity of Gö6976 to normal cells and animals.Methods:K562 cells and CML mice were used to explore the effect of Gö6976 on CML. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD34+ cells, and healthy mice were used to explore the drug toxicity of Gö6976.Results: Cell experiments showed that Gö6976 could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells and enhance the inhibitory effects of imatinib at 5 µM and 10 µM, but it had little effect on CD34+ cells or PBMCs at concentrations less than 5 µM. Animal experiments showed that 2.5 mg/kg Gö6976 could effectively inhibit the development of CML in mice, and it had almost no effects on healthy mice at 2.5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg.Discussion: Because of the direct inhibitory effect of Gö6976 on CML and its pharmacological enhancement effect on imatinib, it is foreseeable that Gö6976 could become a new type of anti-CML medicine. And the further research is needed.Conclusion: Our findings verified that Gö6976 could effectively inhibit CML in vitro and in vivo, and it is almost nontoxic to hematopoietic cells, immune cells, and healthy mice.

Short-term effects of grazing intensity on soil stoichiometric characteristics of typical grassland in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China.

Grazing is the dominant land use way for natural grasslands. Different grazing intensities could affect soil stoichiometry in grasslands by influencing the selective feeding by livestock, litter input, and microbial community structure. In this study, a grazing experiment was carried out in a grassland of agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern China for three years (2017-2019). The concentrations of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved nitrogen (DN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) in soils were measured. We analyzed the stoichiometric characteristics of those parameters. The results showed that different grazing intensities (1, 2, 4 sheep·0.2 hm-2) had no significant effect on soil TC after three years. The moderate grazing intensity significantly reduced soil TN in 10-20 cm layer in 2019. The light, moderate, and heavy grazing intensities significantly increased soil C/N at 10-20 cm layer, while grazing intensities did not affect soil DOC, DN and DOC/DN. The soil DOC and DN content showed a decreasing trend with the increase of grazing intensity in 2019. It indicated that continuous high intensity grazing might reduce soil dissolved nutrients. The light grazing inten-sity increased soil MBC, while heavy grazing intensity reduced soil MBC significantly, with the increase of grazing year. Different grazing intensities did not affect soil MBN and MBC/MBN.

[Study on extraction of shikimic acid from pine needles of Pinus elliottii by decompressing inner ebullition].

We studied the extracting process of shikimic acid from pine needles of Pinus elliottii Engelm, using pine needles of Pinus elliottii Engelm as raw materials, a high concentration of alcohol as the desorption and a low concentration of alcohol as the hot-extraction, and the decompressing inner ebullition method. Through the single factor test and orthogonal test, the best processing of the decompressing inner ebullition was as follows: when the concentration of alcohol was 70 percent with 18 minutes' desorption, the temperature of hot-extraction was 65 degrees C with 4 minutes' hot-extraction, solid-liquid ratio was 1:1.6 with 260 mL of hot-extraction, with a concentration of 30%. The extracting effect was the best when extracted twice. The extracting proportion of shikimic acid from dry pine needles of Pinus elliottii was 1.51%.

[Research Advance on Classic Wnt Pathway in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia--Review].

Abstract　　Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematological malignancy that seriously threatens the lives of patients. It was found that there are abnormal classic Wnt pathway, that is, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathways in CML cells, moreover, Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway is involved in the growth and proliferation of CML cells, and closely relates with the self-renewal ability of CML leukemic stem cells. This review summarizes the recent studies on the relationship between Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and CML, and the researches on the targeting inhibition of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in CML treatment, thus to provide new ideas for the treatment of CML.

[Effect of GÖ6976 on Proliferation of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Its Toxicity on Normal Cells and Mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of GÖ6976 on the proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia cells and its toxic effect on normal cells and mice, so as to provide experimental basis for the effectiveness and safety of its clinical application. METHODS: Different concentrations of GÖ6976 were applied to the K562 cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and normal BaF3 cells, MTT assay was used to detect the effect on cell proliferation. BALB/C mice were used to investigate the toxicity in vivo. The general situation, body weight and the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood were monitored during administration, the blood collected from eyeballs before and after administration was used for biochemical examination, at the same time, the liver, kidney and femurs were examined pathologically. RESULTS: GÖ6976 could significantly inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells, inhibition effect increased with increasing dose (r=0.9623). However, there was no significant change in the inhibitory effect on PBMNC and BaF3 cells. The pathological examination of organs in each group showed no abnormal manifestations such as inflammatory infiltration, while the change rate of leukocyte count in peripheral blood of high dose group fluctuated greatly (P＜0.05), which might be related to the inhibition of intracellular protein kinase C, and no abnormality was observed in blood biochemical indexes. In the low dose group, there was no significant difference in peripheral blood leukocyte count, blood biochemical index and histopathology during administration drug as compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: GÖ6976 possesses a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells, and the inhibitory effect increases with increasing dose. Long-term application of 5.0 µmol/L and below concentrations of GÖ6976 shows no obvious inhibitory effect on PBMNC, BaF3 cells. Long-term application of 10 mg/kg and below concentrations of GÖ6976 shows no obvious toxic effect on BALB/c mice.

[Protective effect of ulinastatin on lung injury induced by simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in piglet].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin (UTI) on lung injury induced by simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in piglet. METHODS: With reproduction of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation model in piglets, 12 couples of piglets were randomly divided into two groups (n=12). Piglets in UTI group were given a constant infusion of UTI 15 kU x kg(-1) x h(-1) by means of a pump during operation. Control group were treated with constant pumped infusion of 0.9% saline in equal volume. The blood samples were collected to measure the plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) before operation (baseline levels, T0), at the time of re-establishment of circulation with successful an anastomosis of arteries and veins (T1), at 1 hour and 2 hours after re-establishment of circulation (T2 and T3), and at the end of operation (T4). The pathological changes in the lungs were examined. RESULTS: In control group, plasma MDA concentration was significantly increased from T1 till T4 as compared with T0 (all P<0.05), whereas in group UTI it did not change significantly (all P>0.05). In group UTI, SOD activity was significantly increased at T1-2 and T4 as compared with T0 (all P<0.05), whereas in control group it did not change significantly (all P>0.05). The plasma MDA concentration was significantly decreased at T1 and T2, and SOD activity was increased at T2 in group UTI than those in control group (all P<0.05). In control group, plasma TNF-alpha concentration was significantly increased from T2 to T4 as compared with T0 (all P<0.05), whereas it did not change significantly in group UTI (all P>0.05). The plasma IL-8 concentration was significantly decreased at T1-2 and T4 in group UTI compared with those in control group (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: UTI can inhibit neutrophil aggregation in lungs and expression of harmful inflammatory cytokines, and it reduces production of oxygen free radical, so that it can protect lung tissue from injury induced by simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.