Structure of Rhythms of Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Excretion of Electrolytes, and Secretion of Melatonin in Normotensive and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Maintained under Conditions of Prolonged Daylight Duration.

We studied the structure of rhythms of BP, HR (by telemetric monitoring), electrolyte excretion (by capillary electrophoresis), and products of epiphyseal melatonin (by the urinary concentration of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin measured by ELISA) in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats and spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats maintained at 16/8 h and 20/4 h light-dark regimes. In Wister-Kyoto rats exposed to prolonged daylight, we observed changes in the amplitude, rhythm power (% of rhythm), and range of oscillations of systolic BP; HR mezor decreased. In SHR rats, mezor of HR also decreased, but other parameters of rhythms remained unchanged. Changes in electrolyte excretion were opposite in normo- and hypertensive rats. Under conditions of 20/4 h light-dark regime, daytime melatonin production tended to increase in normotensive rats and significantly increased in SHR rats. At the same time, nighttime melatonin production did not change in both normotensive and hypertensive animals. As the secretion of melatonin has similar features in animals of both lines, we can say that the epiphyseal component of the "biological clock" is not the only component of the functional system that determines the response of the studied rhythms to an increase in the duration of light exposure.

Influence of geomagnetic activity and earth weather changes on heart rate and blood pressure in young and healthy population.

There are many references in the literature related to connection between the space weather and the state of human organism. The search of external factors influence on humans is a multi-factor problem and it is well known that humans have a meteo-sensitivity. A direct problem of finding the earth weather conditions, under which the space weather manifests itself most strongly, is discussed in the present work for the first time in the helio-biology. From a formal point of view, this problem requires identification of subset (magnetobiotropic region) in three-dimensional earth's weather parameters such as pressure, temperature, and humidity, corresponding to the days when the human body is the most sensitive to changes in the geomagnetic field variations and when it reacts by statistically significant increase (or decrease) of a particular physiological parameter. This formulation defines the optimization of the problem, and the solution of the latter is not possible without the involvement of powerful metaheuristic methods of searching. Using the algorithm of differential evolution, we prove the existence of magnetobiotropic regions in the earth's weather parameters, which exhibit magneto-sensitivity of systolic, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate of healthy young subjects for three weather areas (combinations of atmospheric temperature, pressure, and humidity). The maximum value of the correlation confidence for the measurements attributable to the days of the weather conditions that fall into each of three magnetobiotropic areas is an order of 0.006, that is almost 10 times less than the confidence, equal to 0.05, accepted in many helio-biological researches.

Effects of Space Weather on Biomedical Parameters during the Solar Activity Cycles 23-24.

The results of long-term (1998-2012) biomedical monitoring of the biotropic effects of space weather are discussed. A drastic change in statistical distribution parameters in the middle of 2005 was revealed that did not conform to usual sinusoidal distribution of the biomedical data reflecting changes in the number of solar spots over a solar activity cycle. The dynamics of space weather of 2001-2012 is analyzed. The authors hypothesize that the actual change in statistical distributions corresponds to the adaptation reaction of the biosphere to nonstandard geophysical characteristics of the 24th solar activity cycle and the probable long-term decrease in solar activity up to 2067.

[Peculiarities of desynchronosis associated with shift-based jobs and in the patients with severe somatic pathology].

Disturbances in coordination between physiological functions of the cardiovascular system develop in healthy people as a result ofdisordered sleep-wake cycle especially associated with psycho-emotional stress. A classical example is desynchronosis in locomotive drivers. Similar condition develops in association with severe somatic pathology e.g. in oncological patients. The study was designed to analyse peculiarities of desynchronosis associated with shift-based jobs and in the patients with oncological diseases. The control group was comprised of the students and teachers of the University of People's Friendship. Diagnostics and evaluation of desynchronosis severity were performed by complex correlation-regressive analysis and pre-trip AP and HR measurements in locomotive drivers. In healthy subjects, all regression coefficients were positive and significant in combination with middle-strength correlation coefficients which ensured maximum coordination in the work of the coupled systems without the loss of plasticity between physiological contours. Patients with severe somatic pathology showed multidirectional functioning of physiological contours (stable dyscoordination) with the enhanced relationship between the parameters of interest and with manifestations of "rigidity". Multidirectional functioning of coupled systems was equally characteristic of locomotive drivers, but the relationship between the parameters being studied was less expressed and attributable to an adaptive reaction because the relationship recovered during the rest periods between shifts.

[Antiarrhythmic therapy of paroxysmal tachycardias and extrasystoles in patients with sinus node dysfunction].

Antiarrhythmic therapy of patients with disturbed automatism of the sinus node and impaired atrioventricular conductance may be complicated by hemodynamically significant bradycardias and contraindications for implantation of a cardiac electrical stimulator This study aimed at estimating effect of antiarrhythmic therapy with allapinin on the function of sinus and atrioventricular nodes. It included 20 patients (mean age 37.5+-2.3 years) with disturbed cardiac rhythm and sinus node dysfunction treated with allapinin (37.5 - 50 mg/d per os). This therapy had well apparent antiarrhythmic effect manifest as improvement of supraventricular and ventricular ectopic activities in the absence of negative influence on the function of sinus and atrioventricular nodes.

[Parameters of oxidative stress in patients with gastric cancer].

We studied effect of the neoplastic process and surgical treatment on parameters of the oxidative system in patients with stomach cancer including serum and gastric tissue levels of malonic dialdehyde, lactic and pyruvic acids in stage I-IV malignancy before and after radical surgery. The development and generalization of the neoplastic process are associated with the activation of oxidative reactions leading to endotoxicosis. Specific anticarcinogenic treatments (including surgery) aggravate changes in the oxidative systems and further deteriorate quality of life and tolerance of the treatment.

[Efficacy of nebivolol in patients with coronary heart disease and concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The study was designed to assess clinical efficiency and safety of nebivolol in patients with cardiovascular problems and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It included 50 patients of whom 25 were given daily 5 and 25 mg of nebivolol and 80-100 mg of verapamil. Nebivolol was shown to significantly reduce arterial pressure, heart rate, and the number of ventricular extrasystoles. The drug was well tolerated by the patients and had no adverse effect on bronchial patiency.

Models of reactions of human heart as nonlinear dynamic system to cosmic and geophysical factors.

The paper analyzes theoretical models of the adaptive modes of generation and stability of human heart as a nonlinear point source. The analysis encompasses only ECG time-domain dynamics. To solve the general problem of the study of the adaptive changes of the cardiosignal under the action of external periodic force and parametric noise, a new dynamic model is proposed, which incorporates two control physical parameters: power of signal generation and coefficient of diffuse signal scattering. For the entire set of parameters, the examined modeled nonlinear system demonstrated a number of various performance modes ranging from steady-state periodic and quasi-periodic states to chaos. The model showed that variations in cosmic, geophysical, and weather conditions in the frequency range of 0.1-0.9 Hz produce the greatest biotropic influence.

[Assessment of adaptive response of the cardiovascular system in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].

This study showed that monitoring arterial pressure and heart rate during a few consecutive days allows for early diagnosis of cardiovascular disorders long before manifestation of its clinical symptoms. It is maintained that atrial fibrillation and fluttering are preceded by systemic disturbances of systolic pressure regulation.

[Several-day arterial pressure and heart rate monitoring in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].

Patient N presented with a well-apparent abnormality of chronological structure of heart beat biorhythms despite the absence of subjective complaints throughout the six-month long observation period. It was shown that AP peaks were associated with a significant decrease of circadian index (CI), i.e. the development of a rigid daily heart contraction rhythm. The reduction of CI as a specific indicator of stability of the daily cardiac contraction rhythm gave evidence of altered vegetative regulation of cardiac function during hypertension. Rigidity of the daily heart contraction rhythm increased with increasing severity of the disease. Smoothing of the circadian rhythm profile suggests depletion of adaptive reserve and the development of the "denervated" heart phenomenon. Cardioversion created a tendency towards normalization of circadian index.

[Clinical condition of patients with persistent form of atrial fibrillation before and after cardioversion].

The aim of the study was to examine effect of cardioversion (CV) on the subjective and objective status of patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving different therapy. The study included 4 groups of patients (n = 85). Group 1 (n = 30) were given standard treatment. In group 2 (n = 25), standard therapy was supplemented by i.v. injections of emoxipin (200 mg/day). Treatment of group 3 (n = 10) included mildronat (50 mg/day, i.v.), patients of group 4 (n = 20) were given riboxin (200 mg/day, i.v.). It was shown that the recovery of sinus rhythm improved the quality of life and parameters of cardiovascular function in all the treated patients.

[Metabolic syndrome: more questions than answers].

Metabolic syndrome has a close association with "diseases of civilization" and widespread in economically developed countries. By the end of XX century, unification in clusters of cardiovascular diseases risk factors showed, that simultaneous presence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia contributed to significant increase in mortality.

THE INCIDENCE OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN AUSTRIA.

The aim of the study was to assess the time structure (chronome) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Austria. The daily incidence of SCD (ICD-10 I46.1) in Austria was obtained for the 4-year span from Jan 2002 to Dec 2005. Data were available separately for men and women. This data series was analyzed by linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. The major feature is the detection of a cis-half-year that is validated nonlinearly, the estimated period of the cis-half-year is 0.408 year (95% CI: 0.389, 0.426). It is concluded that the chronobiological analysis of sudden cardiac death in Austria showed the variability of total incidence with the period of a cis-half-year.

[The efficacy of complex therapy of ventricular arrhythmias with emoxipin and preductal in combination with antiarrhythmic agents].

Forty-five patients with coronary heart disease and various forms of ventricular arrhythmias (25 men and 20 women aged 42 to 73) were examined. The use of complex therapy with emoxipin and preductal in a combination with antiarrhythmic agents potentated the action of these preparations. The application of emoxipin resulted in a longer positive effect.

Incidence of sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction and far- and near-transyears.

We analyzed cycles with periods, tau, in the range of 0.8-2.0 years, characterizing, mostly during 1999-2003, the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD10), code I46.1. In the tau range examined, only yearly components could be documented in time series from North Carolina, USA; Tbilisi, Georgia; and Hong Kong, in the latter two locations based on relatively short time series. By contrast, in Minnesota, USA, we found only a component with a longer than (= trans) yearly (transyearly) tau of 1.39 years; the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the tau extended from 1.17 to 1.61 years, falling into the category of transyears (defined as a tau and a 95% CI between 1.0 and 2.0 years, with the limits of the 95% CI of the spectral component's tau overlapping neither of these lengths). During the same span from 1999 to 2003 in Arkansas, USA, a component of about 1-year in length was present, and in addition, one with a tau of 1.69 year with a CI extending from 1.29 to 2.07 years, a far-transyear candidate, far-transyears being defined as having a tau with a CI between 1.20 and 2.0 year, with the CI overlapping neither of these lengths. In the Czech Republic, there was also a calendar-yearly tau and one of 1.76 years. In the latter two geographic/geomagnetic areas, the about-yearly and the longer cycles' amplitudes were of similar prominence. The taus are only candidate transyears; the 95% CIs of their taus overlap the 2-year length. When a series on SCD from 1994 to 2003 from the Czech Republic was analyzed, the 95% CI of the transyear's tau no longer overlapped the 2-year length. Transyears were also found in the Czech Republic for myocardial infarctions (MI), meeting the original transyear definition in both a shorter and a longer series. Moreover, in the 1994-2003 series on MI from the Czech Republic, a near-transyear was also found, meeting the definition of a period with a 95% CI overlapping neither precisely 1.0 year nor 1.2 years, along with a far-transyear, defined as a tau between 1.2 and 2.0 years, again with the 95% CI covering neither of these lengths. Herein, we discuss near- and far-transyears more generally in the light of their background in physics and the concept of reciprocal cyclicities.

Chronomics, neuroendocrine feedsidewards and the recording and consulting of nowcasts--forecasts of geomagnetics.

A multi-center four-hourly sampling of many tissues for 7 days (00:00 on April 5-20:00 to April 11, 2004), on rats standardized for 1 month in two rooms on antiphasic lighting regimens happened to start on the day after the second extremum of a moderate double magnetic storm gauged by the planetary geomagnetic Kp index (which at each extremum reached 6.3 international [arbitrary] units) and by an equatorial index Dst falling to -112 and -81 nT, respectively, the latter on the first day of the sampling. Neuroendocrine chronomes (specifically circadian time structures) differed during magnetically affected and quiet days. The circadian melatonin rhythm had a lower MESOR and lower circadian amplitude and tended to advance in acrophase, while the MESOR and amplitude of the hypothalamic circadian melatonin rhythm were higher during the days with the storm. The circadian parameters of circulating corticosterone were more labile during the days including the storm than during the last three quiet days. Feedsidewards within the pineal-hypothalamic-adrenocortical network constitute a mechanism underlying physiological and probably also pathological associations of the brain and heart with magnetic storms. Investigators in many fields can gain from at least recording calendar dates in any publication so that freely available information on geomagnetic, solar and other physical environmental activity can be looked up. In planning studies and before starting, one may gain from consulting forecasts and the highly reliable nowcasts, respectively.

The biological effects of solar activity.

The synchronization of biological circadian and circannual rhythms is broadly viewed as a result of photic solar effects. Evidence for non-photic solar effects on biota is also slowly being recognized. The ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes from rabbits, the time structure of blood pressure and heart rate of neonates, and the heart rate variability of human adults on earth and in space were examined during magnetically disturbed and quiet days, as were morbidity statistics. Alterations in both the about-daily (circadian) and about-weekly (circaseptan) components are observed during disturbed vs. quite days. The about-weekly period of neonatal blood pressure correlates with that of the local geomagnetic disturbance index K. Circaseptans which are seen early in human life and in various other forms of life, including unicells, may provide information about the possible site(s) of life's origins from an integrative as well as adaptive evolutionary perspective.

[Biological effects of planetary magnetic storms]. / Biologicheskie éffekty planetarnoi magnitnoi buri.

Six physiological parameters of cardio-vascular system of rabbits and ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes were investigated during two planetary geomagnetic storms. At the initial and main phase of the storm the normal circadian structure in each cardiovascular parameter was lost. The asynchronicity was growing together with the storm and abrupt drop of cardia activity was observed during the main phase of storm. The main phase of storm followed by the destruction and degradation of cardiomyocytes. Parameters of cardia activity became substantially synchronized and characterised by circadian rhythm structure while the amplitude of deviations was still significant at the recovery stage of geomagnetic storm.

[Effect of geomagnetic activity on the human body in extreme conditions and correlation with data from laboratory observations]. / Vozdeistvie geomagnitnoi aktivnosti na organizm cheloveka, nakhodiashchegosia v ékstremal'nykh usloviiakh, i sopostavlenie s dannymi laboratornykh nabliudenii.

It was hypothesized based on previous laboratory observations and theoretical concepts that astronauts working at the "Mir" station under zero gravity conditions exhibit enhanced sensitivity to geomagnetic disturbances. The result of studies made it possible to reveal the dynamics of changes in cardiovascular characteristics separately in the main phase and the phase of storm restoration. A similar dynamics of cardiac activity was observed in experimental rabbits during geomagnetic storms.

[Changes in the contractile activity of the left heart ventricle and blood content of free fatty acids during acute focal myocardial ischemia in rabbits at different times of the day]. / Izmenenie sokratitel'noi aktivnosti levogo zheludochka serdtsa i soderzhaniia svobodnykh zhirnykh kislot v krovi pri ostroi ochagovoi ishemii miokarda u krolikov v raznoe vremia sutok.

Left-ventricular contractility and arterial blood levels of free fatty acids were studied experimentally in rabbits with acute focal myocardial ischemia at different hours of the day (12 a. m., 6 p. m., 12 p. m.). All parameters were measured before a myocardial acute-ischemia focus was created, and 15, 20 and 40 minutes after coronary artery ligation. Heart contractility and blood free fatty acid levels were shown to vary throughout the day. In acute focal myocardial ischemia, these parameters also show different patterns of variation. A relationship was demonstrated between the pattern of changes in some contractility indices under acute focal ischemia and blood baseline levels of free fatty acids, which was particularly manifest at 12 p. m., and grew very weak at 12 a. m.