Endogenous pannexin1 channels form functional intercellular cell-cell channels with characteristic voltage-dependent properties.

The occurrence of intercellular channels formed by pannexin1 has been challenged for more than a decade. Here, we provide an electrophysiological characterization of exogenous human pannexin1 (hPanx1) cell­cell channels expressed in HeLa cells knocked out for connexin45. The observed hPanx1 cell­cell channels show two phenotypes: O-state and S-state. The former displayed low transjunctional voltage (Vj) sensitivity and single-channel conductance of ∼175 pS, with a substate of ∼35 pS; the latter showed a peculiar dynamic asymmetry in Vj dependence and single-channel conductance identical to the substate conductance of the O-state. S-state hPanx1 cell­cell channels were also identified between TC620 cells, a human oligodendroglioma cell line that endogenously expresses hPanx1. In these cells, dye and electrical coupling increased with temperature and were strongly reduced after hPanx1 expression was knocked down by small interfering RNA or inhibited with Panx1 mimetic inhibitory peptide. Moreover, cell­cell coupling was augmented when hPanx1 levels were increased with a doxycycline-inducible expression system. Application of octanol, a connexin gap junction (GJ) channel inhibitor, was not sufficient to block electrical coupling between HeLa KO Cx45-hPanx1 or TC620 cell pairs. In silico studies suggest that several arginine residues inside the channel pore may be neutralized by hydrophobic interactions, allowing the passage of DAPI, consistent with dye coupling observed between TC620 cells. These findings demonstrate that endogenously expressed hPanx1 forms intercellular cell­cell channels and their unique properties resemble those described in innexin-based GJ channels. Since Panx1 is ubiquitously expressed, finding conditions to recognize Panx1 cell­cell channels in different cell types might require special attention.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults with epilepsy: An indirect relationship with suicide risk.

PURPOSE: Studies on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are scarce in adults with epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for ADHD and determine whether ADHD is directly associated with the risk of suicide in adults with epilepsy. METHODS: ADHD was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Disorders Clinical Version. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus 5.0.0, Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDIE), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were also used. Suicide risk was defined as a MINI suicidality score of ≥ 1. Stepwise logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Of the 157 adults with epilepsy, 19 (12.1 %) were diagnosed with ADHD, including inattentive (5.7 %), hyperactive (3.8 %), and combined (2.5 %) types. Thirty-two subjects (20.4 %) had a risk of suicide. ADHD was insignificantly associated with any epilepsy-related factors. The diagnosis of ADHD was not associated with suicide risk independent of NDDIE ≥ 14 and GAD-7 ≥ 7. Mediation effects of ADHD on suicidality using NDDIE ≥ 14 (odds ratio [OR] 2.850, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.398-5.811, p = 0.004) or GAD-7 ≥ 7 (OR 3.240, 95 % CI 1.537-6.828, p = 0.002) were statistically significant, with the proportion mediated being 84.5 % or 92.0 % of the total ADHD effect, respectively. These models were adjusted for age, sex, and composite epilepsy severity scores. CONCLUSIONS: ADHD was diagnosed in 12.1% of adults with epilepsy and was not associated with any epilepsy-related factors. ADHD was indirectly associated with the risk of suicide resulting from depression and anxiety in adults with epilepsy.

Differences in factors associated with insomnia symptoms between patients with epilepsy with and without depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if insomnia-related factors differ depending on the presence of depression in patients with epilepsy. METHODS: This cross-sectional multicenter study collected data on depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and excessive daytime sleepiness, which were defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score of ≥ 10, an Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score of ≥ 15, and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) of ≥ 11, respectively. Further, uncontrolled seizures were defined as one or more seizures per month during antiseizure medications treatment. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted, with a logistic regression with interaction terms performed to identify differences in insomnia-related factors depending on depressive symptoms. RESULTS: Of 282 adults with epilepsy (men, 58 %; mean age, 40.4 ± 13.9 years), a PHQ-9 score ≥ 10, an ISI score ≥ 15, an ESS score ≥ 11 were noted in 23.4 % (n = 66), 20.2 % (n = 57), and 12.8 % (n = 36), respectively. More patients with depressive symptoms had an ISI score ≥ 15 (56.1 % vs. 9.3 %; p < 0.001) than those without. In multiple logistic regression, uncontrolled seizures (odds ratio [OR], 4.896; p < 0.01), daytime sleepiness (OR, 5.369; p < 0.05), and a history of psychiatric disorders (OR, 3.971; p < 0.05) were identified as significant factors that were more likely to be associated with an ISI score ≥ 15; however, this was only true in patients without depressive symptoms. In contrast, use of perampanel (OR, 0.282; p < 0.05) was less likely associated, while female sex (OR, 3.178; p < 0.05) was more likely associated with an ISI score ≥ 15 only in patients with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Insomnia-related factors in patients with epilepsy may differ between patients with and without depression. Our findings of different insomnia-related factors based on the presence of depression may facilitate the management of patients with epilepsy.

Sex differences in the relationship between aggression and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with refractory focal epilepsy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether sex affects the relationship between aggression and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with refractory focal epilepsy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 85 adults with refractory focal seizures, which are defined as one or more seizures recurring per month even when the patient is treated with two or more antiseizure medications. We used the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate aggression and symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. We performed multivariate linear regression and analysis of covariance with interaction terms. HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety scores were separately evaluated to avoid multicollinearity between both of them. RESULTS: The HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety scores, male sex, an antiseizure medication load of ≥3, and the use of pregabalin were independently correlated with at least one of the AQ total and subscale scores. These models for depressive and anxiety symptoms explained 34.2% and 32.5%, respectively, of the variance of the AQ total score. Although the AQ total scores did not differ between the sexes, sex significantly affected the relationships between aggression and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Specifically, HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety scores were positively associated with the AQ total scores, especially scores of verbal aggression and anger subtypes, in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the importance of including anger management and other strategies targeted toward aggression in the development of psychological interventions to reduce anxiety and depression in adults with refractory focal epilepsy. Tailoring those interventions to the needs of males and females will be important to consider. .

Felt stigma may potentiate the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms in persons with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the strengths of association among perceived stress, felt stigma, and depression in adults with epilepsy, and evaluated whether felt stigma altered the association between perceived stress and depression. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included adults with epilepsy. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and perceived stress was evaluated using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Felt stigma was determined using the three-item Stigma Scale for Epilepsy, with individuals categorized as positive for felt stigma if they answered "yes" to at least one of these items. A hierarchical linear regression analysis and an analysis of covariance with interaction terms were performed. RESULTS: The 316 adults with epilepsy included 171 men and 145 women; of these, 109 (34.5%) reported felt stigma. A hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that perceived stress was the most important correlate of depressive symptoms, followed by felt stigma, being unemployed, recurrence of generalized or focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, and being married. The model explained 54.0% of the variance of BDI scores. Significant interactions between felt stigma and perceived stress on BDI scores was identified in both crude and adjusted models (p < 0.05 each). Specifically, in an adjusted model, BDI scores were more strongly associated with perceived stress in persons with (p < 0.001, partial eta2 = 0.225) than without (p < 0.001, partial eta2 = 0.205) felt stigma. CONCLUSIONS: Perceived stress was the most significant correlate of depressive symptoms in adults with epilepsy, followed by felt stigma. The interaction between perceived stress and felt stigma on depressive symptoms was significant. These findings may help in developing cognitive behavioral therapy for stigma and stress management in persons with epilepsy.

Concealment behaviors in Korean adults with epilepsy: Their relationships to social anxiety and seizure severity independent of felt stigma.

PURPOSE: This study assessed whether seizure severity and social anxiety were related to self-disclosure or concealment behaviors independent of felt stigma in Korean adults with epilepsy. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study used the Disclosure Management Scale (DMS), the short forms of the Social Phobia Scale (SPS-6) and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS-6), and the Stigma Scale-Revised to evaluate Korean adults with epilepsy. Seizure severity was measured as a composite variable, and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess whether seizure severity and social anxiety were related to concealment behaviors. RESULTS: The 315 subjects included 132 (41.9%) women and 183 (58.1%) men. Of these subjects, 212 (67.3%) reported rarely or never talking to others about their epilepsy, whereas only 98 (31.1%) stated that they rarely or never kept their epilepsy secret from others. Linear regression analyses showed that concealment behaviors were positively correlated with degree of social anxiety (on separate models using the SIAS-6 and SPS-6) and felt stigma, and negatively associated with level of seizure severity. Both models accounted for about 14% of the variance in DMS scores. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of Korean adults with epilepsy choose concealment and selective disclosure strategies. Social anxiety and seizure severity along with felt stigma play significant roles in deciding whether to disclose or conceal a diagnosis of epilepsy. The explanatory power of these models was weak.

Dual burdens of felt stigma and depressive symptoms in patients with epilepsy: Their association with social anxiety, marriage, and employment.

PURPOSE: The present study evaluated whether patients with epilepsy with dual conditions of felt stigma and depressive symptoms are more strongly associated with social anxiety, being unmarried, and being unemployed than those with depressive symptoms or felt stigma alone. METHODS: This multicenter, cross-sectional study evaluated subjects using the Stigma Scale-Revised, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the six-item versions of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and the companion Social Phobia Scale. Subjects were grouped by depressive symptoms and felt stigma into four groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: The 298 subjects included 173 men and 125 women. Of these subjects, 35 (11.7%) had depressive symptoms alone, 33 (11.1%) had stigma alone, and 27 (9.1%) had both depressive symptoms and felt stigma. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that, compared with the control group having neither depressive symptoms nor felt stigma, the odds ratios (ORs) for social interaction anxiety and social phobia were highest in the group of dual conditions (OR 18.7 and 13.5, respectively), followed by the depression-alone (OR 7.7 and 4.6, respectively) and stigma-alone (OR 5.0 and 2.8, respectively) groups. Similarly, the ORs for being unmarried (OR 29.2) and unemployed (OR 3.1) were significant only in the group of dual conditions. In addition, male sex and younger age were independently associated with being unmarried whereas seizures recurring ≥1 per month were independently associated with being unemployed. CONCLUSIONS: Dual conditions of felt stigma and depressive symptoms may be more strongly associated with social anxiety, being unmarried, and being unemployed than depressive symptoms or felt stigma alone in patients with epilepsy.

Aggression is more strongly associated with suicidality, independent of depression, than emotional instability and impulsivity in people with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the relative contributions of emotional instability, impulsivity, and aggression to the presence of suicide risk in people with epilepsy after adjusting for depressive symptoms. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that used the short form of the Affective Lability Scale (ALS-18), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11), the Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Suicidality was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the presence of suicide risk was defined as a MINI suicidality score ≥1. Stepwise logistic regression and mediation analyses using a two-stage regression method were performed. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects (63.2% men) included, suicide risk was present in 38 subjects (22.2%). The stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four variables that were independently associated with suicide risk: higher PHQ-9 score, higher BAQ score, longer duration of epilepsy, and unemployment. The univariate analysis showed that ALS-18 and BIS-11 scores were significantly associated with suicide risk; however, they were backward eliminated from the logistic model according to the criterion of p > 0.1. The mediating effects of ALS-18 and BIS-11 scores on suicide risk via PHQ-9 scores (but not BAQ scores) were significant, with the proportion mediated 61.5% and 54.0% of the total effect, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Alongside depressive symptoms, aggression may be a more useful concept than emotional instability and impulsivity for identifying suicidal risk in people with epilepsy.

Targeting mutant KRAS with CRISPR-Cas9 controls tumor growth.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human tumors, and its activating mutations represent important therapeutic targets. The combination of Cas9 and guide RNA from the CRISPR-Cas system recognizes a specific DNA sequence and makes a double-strand break, which enables editing of the relevant genes. Here, we harnessed CRISPR to specifically target mutant KRAS alleles in cancer cells. We screened guide RNAs using a reporter system and validated them in cancer cells after lentiviral delivery of Cas9 and guide RNA. The survival, proliferation, and tumorigenicity of cancer cells in vitro and the growth of tumors in vivo were determined after delivery of Cas9 and guide RNA. We identified guide RNAs that efficiently target mutant KRAS without significant alterations of the wild-type allele. Doxycycline-inducible expression of this guide RNA in KRAS-mutant cancer cells transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding Cas9 disrupted the mutant KRAS gene, leading to inhibition of cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Intra-tumoral injection of lentivirus and adeno-associated virus expressing Cas9 and sgRNA suppressed tumor growth in vivo, albeit incompletely, in immunodeficient mice. Expression of Cas9 and the guide RNA in cells containing wild-type KRAS did not alter cell survival or proliferation either in vitro and in vivo. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that CRISPR can be utilized to target driver mutations of cancers in vitro and in vivo.

Factors associated with alexithymia in adults with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: The relationship between epilepsy and alexithymia, characterized by the inability to feel or express emotion, remains incompletely understood. We investigated alexithymia and its association with epilepsy-related factors in patients with epilepsy (PWE). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, PWE and healthy control subjects were recruited. Alexithymia was assessed using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were also administered to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Mediation analysis was conducted using a two-stage regression method. RESULTS: Ninety adult PWE and 161 healthy control subjects were included in the study. PWE had significantly higher TAS-20 scores (B = 2.445, p = 0.014) than controls, but the prevalence of alexithymia, defined as TAS-20≥61, did not differ between PWE and control subjects after controlling for confounders (15.6% vs. 6.2%, respectively; p = 0.873). Uncontrolled seizures significantly increased alexithymia through depression (B = 3.536, p = 0.006), and this effect was responsible for 61.2% of the total effect on alexithymia. The direct effects of uncontrolled seizures on alexithymia were not significant. In contrast, AED polytherapy had significant direct effects on alexithymia (B = 4.489, p = 0.037) independent of depression. The indirect effects of AED polytherapy via depression did not reach statistical significance (B = 2.371, p = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS: Alexithymia was more severe, but not more prevalent, in PWE than in healthy controls. AED polytherapy was directly associated with alexithymia, while uncontrolled seizures were indirectly related to alexithymia through depressive symptoms.

Insomnia moderates the association between recurrent seizures and emotional instability in persons with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: We investigated the moderating effect of sleep disturbance on the association between seizure recurrence and emotional instability in patients with epilepsy, independent of psychological distress. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients completed the short form of the Affective Lability Scale (ALS-18), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). A stepwise linear regression analysis and an analysis of covariance with an interaction term were performed. RESULTS: A total of 171 subjects (63.2% men) were included. The mean ALS-18 score was 15.6 ±â€¯11.3. An ISI ≥ 15, PHQ-9 ≥ 10, and GAD-7 ≥ 7 were noted in 20.5%, 18.1%, and 23.4% of subjects, respectively. A stepwise linear regression analysis found that recurrent seizures in the last year, an ISI ≥ 15, a GAD-7 ≥ 7, and use of levetiracetam were significant and independent factors that were positively associated with higher ALS-18 scores. The coefficient of determination for the model was 0.331. The interaction between recurrent seizures and an ISI ≥ 15 had a significant effect on the ALS-18 scores (F = 6.812, p = 0.010, partial eta2 = 0.040). An ISI ≥ 15 was associated with ALS-18 scores in patients without seizure recurrence (p < 0.001). This association almost reached significance (p = 0.084) in those with recurrent seizures. In contrast, the presence of recurrent seizures was associated with ALS-18 scores in patients with an ISI < 15 (p < 0.001), but not in those with an ISI ≥ 15 (p = 0.360). CONCLUSIONS: The significant interaction between insomnia and seizure status may have an effect on emotional instability. These findings have clinical implications in the development of potential interventions for emotional instability in patients with epilepsy.

Negative, but not positive, religious coping strategies are associated with psychological distress, independent of religiosity, in Korean adults with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Religion can be important in the everyday lives of persons with epilepsy (PWE). However, there is little research on religion, as it relates to individuals with epilepsy. We determined a relationship between religious coping strategies and psychological distress in Korean adults with epilepsy who had a religious affiliation. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient clinics. Religiosity and religious coping strategies were assessed using the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the Brief Religious Coping Scale (B-RCOPE). Psychological distress was measured using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 88 participants were included. Positive religious coping strategies were more likely utilized than negative religious coping (p < 001). Religiosity was positively correlated with positive coping (r = 0.439, p < 0.001) but was not correlated with negative coping. Negative coping was significantly related to higher levels of anxiety (ß = 0.237, standard error (SE) = 0.107, p < 0.05) and depressive symptoms (ß = 0.260, SE = 0.095, p < 0.01), after controlling for religiosity and other confounding factors. However, positive coping was not related to anxiety and depressive symptoms. The two types of coping strategies were positively related to each other (r = 0.304, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant positive associations between negative religious coping and anxiety and depressive symptoms in PWE. Positive religious coping was not related to anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Effect of cinnamamides on atopic dermatitis through regulation of IL-4 in CD4+ cells.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamamides on atopic dermatitis (AD) and the mechanisms underlying these effects. To this end, the actions of two cinnamamides, (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethyl acrylamide (NCT) and N-trans-coumaroyltyramine (NCPA), were determined on AD by orally administering them to mice. Oral administration of the cinnamamides ameliorated the increase in epidermal and dermal thickness as well as mast cell infiltration. Cinnamamides suppressed serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and expression of T-helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines. Moreover, cinnamamides suppressed interleukin (IL)-4, which plays a crucial role in preparing naïve clusters of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells, and decreased the cervical lymph node size and weight. Interestingly, in almost all cases, NCPA exhibited higher anti-AD activity compared to NCT. These results strongly indicate that NCPA may have potential as an anti-AD agent, and further mechanistic comparative studies of NCT and NCPA are required to determine the cause of differences in biological activity.

Investigation of the Anti-Prostate Cancer Properties of Marine-Derived Compounds.

This review focuses on marine compounds with anti-prostate cancer properties. Marine species are unique and have great potential for the discovery of anticancer drugs. Marine sources are taxonomically diverse and include bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, algae, and mangroves. Marine-derived compounds, including nucleotides, amides, quinones, polyethers, and peptides are biologically active compounds isolated from marine organisms such as sponges, ascidians, gorgonians, soft corals, and bryozoans, including those mentioned above. Several compound classes such as macrolides and alkaloids include drugs with anti-cancer mechanisms, such as antioxidants, anti-angiogenics, antiproliferatives, and apoptosis-inducing drugs. Despite the diversity of marine species, most marine-derived bioactive compounds have not yet been evaluated. Our objective is to explore marine compounds to identify new treatment strategies for prostate cancer. This review discusses chemically and pharmacologically diverse marine natural compounds and their sources in the context of prostate cancer drug treatment.

Effects of a Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Program on Activity Levels, Stress, Body Size, and Sleep in Sedentary Korean College Students.

This study examined the effects of a physical activity and sedentary behavior program on physical activity, sedentary behavior, stress, body size, and sleep in 63 Korean college students. This study used a quasiexperimental approach with a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The results showed that the program increased physical activity and step counts and reduced sedentary behavior, waist circumference, and stress levels.

Attitudes toward epilepsy and perceptions of epilepsy-related stigma in Korean evangelical Christians.

PURPOSE: The scriptural description of Jesus driving out an evil spirit from a boy with epilepsy supported the idea of the spiritual nature of epilepsy for centuries. Korea has a shorter history of Christianity than the Western world. We determined whether there are differences in attitudes toward epilepsy and perception of epilepsy-related stigma between people with and without belief in evangelical Christianity in Korea. METHODS: Data were collected from evangelical churches and theological colleges. People without religious beliefs were enrolled as a control group through convenience sampling. The Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale and the modified Stigma Scale for epilepsy were used. Familiarity with and knowledge of epilepsy were also assessed. Evangelical Christians were categorized as professional or nonprofessional depending on whether they had received professional education in Christian theology. RESULTS: A total of 227 evangelical Christians and 139 controls were included. The scores on the Stigma Scale and in the two PATE domains were significantly lower in the professional Christian group than in the controls or the nonprofessional group (p<0.05) but did not differ between the nonprofessional group and controls. After controlling for confounders, only the professional group was independently associated with lower scores on the Stigma Scale and in the PATE personal domain (p<0.05). The remaining associations lost their significance. CONCLUSIONS: We found no differences in attitudes toward epilepsy and perception of stigma between people with and without belief in evangelical Christianity in Korea.

High spirituality may be associated with right hemispheric lateralization in Korean adults living with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Although it is known that epilepsy and spirituality are related, spirituality in epilepsy has received relatively little clinical and scientific attention. Therefore, we investigated which epilepsy-related factors are associated with high spirituality in Korean adults living with epilepsy. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two university hospitals in Korea. Spirituality was assessed using the 6-item Spirituality Self-Rating Scale (SSRS). The participants were categorized into high and low spirituality groups according to the median SSRS score. The presumptive seizure onset zone was determined based on the clinical semiology, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. RESULTS: Of the 180 participants, 61.7% declared that they had a religious affiliation. The median SSRS score was 15 (interquartile range: 7, 22). The high spirituality subgroup consisted of 92 (51.1%) participants. In the univariate analyses, the high spirituality group was significantly associated with female sex (p<0.05), older age (p<0.01), longer epilepsy duration (p<0.05), polytherapy (p<0.05), complex partial seizure (p<0.05), levetiracetam or topiramate usage (p<0.05), and a right-lateralized seizure onset zone. The multiple logistic regression analysis identified right hemispheric lateralization as the only independent factor associated with high spirituality (odds ratio: 2.410, 95% confidence interval: 1.051-5.528, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High spirituality may be associated with right hemispheric lateralization but not with the temporal localization of the seizure onset zone in Korean adults with epilepsy.

Associations between religiosity and anxiety, depressive symptoms, and well-being in Korean adults living with epilepsy.

PURPOSE: Religiosity can be important in the everyday life of persons with epilepsy (PWE). How PWE live with religiosity can be influenced by their cultural background. We determined whether religiosity is associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and well-being in Korean adults with epilepsy. METHODS: This multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of five university hospitals in Korea. Religiosity was assessed using the five-item Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). The WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale were used. The participants were categorized into three subgroups bounded by the 33rd and 66th percentiles of their DUREL scores. RESULTS: Of a total of 226 participants, 61.1% declared that they had religious affiliation. The median DUREL score was 11 (interquartile ranges 6, 18). All three subscales of the DUREL were significantly related to WHO-5 (p<0.01). Non-organizational religious activities such as prayer and meditation were also inversely related to anxiety (p<0.05) and depressive symptoms (p<0.01). After controlling for confounding variables, anxiety and depressive symptoms were more extensive in the low religiosity subgroup than in the high or no religiosity subgroup (p<0.01) and well-being was higher in the high or low religiosity subgroup than in the no religiosity subgroup (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Religiosity is significantly associated with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and well-being in Korean adults with epilepsy.

Antioxidant Activity of Extract from the Cephalothorax of Fenneropenaeus chinensis.

We investigated the antioxidant activity of taurine rich water extract from the cephalothorax of Fenneropenaeus chinensis (FCC). The antioxidant potency of water extract from FCC was assessed using various assay methods, such as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), alkyl radical scavenging activity, ABTS (2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt)) radical scavenging activity and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The DPPH and alkyl radical scavenging activities of FCC were dose-dependently increased. The lipid peroxidation was estimated using ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. However, a higher lipid peroxidation activity was observed in TBA method than FTC method. The results of the present study suggested that the FCC extract potentially scavenged the free radical and reduced oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study is concluded that the FCC extract could be a potential source of antioxidant activity.

Antioxidant Effect of Taurine-Rich Paroctopus dofleini Extracts Through Inhibiting ROS Production Against LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro and In Vivo Model.

Taurine is an essential amino acid to improve the function of cardiovascular, skeletal muscle, retina, and central nervous system. It also plays a role as an antioxidant agent against reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by various substances. The aim of the current study was to examine the antioxidant capacity of water extracts of Paroctopus dofleini. Radical scavenging activity of P. dofleini extracts was performed using an ESR spectrophotometer. Protective effects of P. dofleini extracts against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated using flow cytometry. The P. dofleini extracts showed a potent antioxidant activity against LPS-induced oxidative stress on RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the in vivo antioxidant activity of P. dofleini extract on LPS-induced oxidative stress was assessed using zebrafish embryos. P. dofleini successfully scavenged the LPS-induced intracellular ROS and prevented lipid peroxidation in zebrafish embryos. The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate that the P. dofleini significantly scavenge the ROS and prevent lipid peroxidation in both in vitro and in vivo models.