[The evaluation of quality of implementation of preventive medical examinations of underage persons in the Russian Federation].

The analysis was implemented concerning informational statistic data characterizing health of children population of different age groups in the Russian Federation on the basis of results of dispensarization in its federal okrugs and subjects in 2014. The purpose of the study was to discover ways and modes of developing and increasing efficiency of preventive examinations of underage population. The following indices were analyzed: coverage of children population by preventive medical examinations, distribution according health groups and medical groups for physical culture involvement, level and stricture of established total and primary morbidity, rate of dispensary registration, requirements in additional consultations, examinations and treatment in out-patient condition, day hospital, day-and-night hospital and also coverage with all these medical services. In the most of the subjects of the Russian Federation a high level of coverage of underage population with preventive medical examinations is registered. The percentage of healthy children population in the Russian Federation comprises more than one third of all covered by dispensarization. The significant variations in indices of rate of healthy children and children with functional disorders and chronic diseases in subjects of the Russian Federation is determined by quality and accessibility of medical care at the regional level. The established total and primary morbidity of children population in significant percentage (more than one third) of the subjects has a level higher than a national one. The leading causes of morbidity in children are diseases of respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system. In adolescents, these causes are diseases of musculoskeletal system, eye diseases and diseases of respiratory system. Despite high prevalence of chronic pathology in children population of the Russian Federation, the guidelines concerning treatment and rehabilitation on the basis of results of preventive medical examinations were developed in inadequate scope. The regional characteristics of the results of dispensarization are established. These results made it possible to sort out the most unfavorable territories and to determine defects in its organization and absence of continuity between medeical institutions providing the given type of medical services.

[Activity of endogenous proteinases in glomerulonephritis in children]. / Aktivnost' éndogennykh proteinaz pri glomerulonefrite u detei.

Protease activities in serum and urine of 116 children with glomerulonephritis and 16 healthy children were tested using chromogenic peptide substrates Z-Dala_Leu-Arg-pNA and Glp-Ala-ALa-Leu-pNa. We found the dependence between activity of serine proteinases and clinical, morphological forms of primary glomerulonephritis and hypertension.

Acetylcholinesterase and choline uptake in striatum from rats with varying sleeping times.

Male rats were injected with ethanol as a 25% solution (3.5 g/kg body weight) and then the duration of the retention of the righting reflex (DRR) as well as the duration of ethanol-induced sleep (DEIS) were recorded. On the basis of DEIS in 60 rats, we selected four groups of six rats each: short-sleep group (SS, 34 +/- 5 min), intermediate-sleep (IS, 118 +/- 3 min), long-sleep (LS, 186 +/- 5 min) and non-sleep rats (NS, 0 min). The striatal crude mitochondrial fraction was assayed for acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and high-affinity choline uptake. NS rats manifested similarity of the above parameters to those determined in SS and IS rats. LS rats were distinguished by a higher AChE activity in comparison with NS animals.

High-affinity choline uptake under various pH conditions: investigation of synaptosomal fluorescence.

The choline transport into synaptosomes obtained from the rat brain striatum was studied in the presence and absence of Na+ ions within the pH range 3.9-9.1. The intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence was investigated in synaptosomes at varying pH. Three pH ranges with different interpositions of the Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent uptake curves were revealed: acid, alkaline, and weak-acid regions. It is assumed that pH 6-7 may be important in regulation of the cholinergic function because of the complicated interpositions of the two curves. The Km and Vmax values of both the Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent processes for the striatal fraction were calculated using Lineweaver-Burk plots at three pH values. Some differences in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of the synaptosomal membrane were observed in the presence and absence of Na+ ions in the pH range 6-7, but they were not statistically significant. At the variations of pH the alterations in the choline transport system did not correspond to the total structural changes in the synaptosomal membrane, when monitored by intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. The pH-evoked choline transport changes may be due to specific alterations in the choline transport-related proteins.

Effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on isolated nerve ending membranes: study by atomic-forced microscopy.

A new method of fixation of native synaptosomes and synaptosomal membranes from rat striatum was applied for their visualization by atomic-force microscopy. A scheme for examination of the surface of biological material was developed, which helps to distinguish intact synaptosomes from washed synaptic membranes and evaluate damage to synaptic membrane surface caused by ethanol (25 mM) and acetaldehyde (50 microM). The proposed method can be used for evaluation of the damaging effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on neurons.

[Cholinesterase activity and the rate of the maturation of the sensorimotor reflexes in the progeny of white rats administered carbophos during pregnancy]. / Aktivnost' kholinésterazy i skorost' sozrevaniia sensorno-dvigatel'nykh refleksov u potomstva belykh krys pri vvedenii karbofosa v period beremennosti.

Female mongrel albino rats were administered orally carbophos in a dose of 10 mg/kg (1/100 of LD50) on the 11th, 13th, 15th and 17th days of pregnancy. The antenatal administration of carbophos was shown to produce combined disturbances of the postnatal development of the mongrel albino rats manifesting themselves in changes of the maturation of sensomotor reflexes, cholinesterase activity, increased addiction both to carbophos and ethanol.