A framework for addressing the lack of diversity in the Geosciences through evaluating the current structure of institutional efforts.

How can universities build institutional partnerships through supporting community geography projects? This paper details the case of university members seeking to achieve a community goal of expanding Geosciences education opportunities, while also targeting a long-range goal of improving diversity within the university Geosciences. Over the course of one year, two Ph.D students collaborated with community members affiliated with a local middle school to design and organize the School of Earth, Society, and Environment (SESE) Geosciences Camp for Middle School Girls, held in August 2019. This paper deconstructs and critiques the camp organizing process and its outcomes. The conclusion addresses what worked and what did not as a model for future attempts at more sustainable institutional partnerships serving community geography projects.

Amplification of downstream flood stage due to damming of fine-grained rivers.

River dams provide many benefits, including flood control. However, due to constantly evolving channel morphology, downstream conveyance of floodwaters following dam closure is difficult to predict. Here, we test the hypothesis that the incised, enlarged channel downstream of dams provides enhanced water conveyance, using a case study from the lower Yellow River, China. We find that, although flood stage is lowered for small floods, counterintuitively, flood stage downstream of a dam can be amplified for moderate and large floods. This arises because bed incision is accompanied by sediment coarsening, which facilitates development of large dunes that increase flow resistance and reduce velocity relative to pre-dam conditions. Our findings indicate the underlying mechanism for such flood amplification may occur in >80% of fine-grained rivers, and suggest the need to reconsider flood control strategies in such rivers worldwide.

An actionable anti-racism plan for geoscience organizations.

Geoscience organizations shape the discipline. They influence attitudes and expectations, set standards, and provide benefits to their members. Today, racism and discrimination limit the participation of, and promote hostility towards, members of minoritized groups within these critical geoscience spaces. This is particularly harmful for Black, Indigenous, and other people of color in geoscience and is further exacerbated along other axes of marginalization, including disability status and gender identity. Here we present a twenty-point anti-racism plan that organizations can implement to build an inclusive, equitable and accessible geoscience community. Enacting it will combat racism, discrimination, and the harassment of all members.

Update on intra-abdominal and post-surgical infections

El presente artículo es una puesta al día de la literatura sobre infecciones intraabdominales, que constituyen una gama de procesos con una patogenia común. Para lograr los mejores resultados tiene una importancia decisiva establecer un diagnóstico precoz y evitar los retrasos en el tratamiento. La reducción de la mortalidad se basa en iniciar precozmente un tratamiento apropiado para restaurar los desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos, en apoyar la función de los órganos vitales, en proporcionar un tratamiento adecuado con antibióticos de amplio espectro y en controlar correctamente las fuentes de la infección.Un grupo multidisciplinario de médicos españolesinteresados en este campo seleccionó los trabajos másdestacados que se han publicado sobre el tema en 2005y 2006. Cada artículo seleccionado fue analizado por unmiembro del panel, y el resto de miembros efectuóuna revisión crítica.Después de revisar el estado del arte, el grupo discutiólos trabajos sobre epidemiología, fisiopatología,ciencias básicas, microorganismos causalesy diagnóstico bacteriológico, principales síndromesclínicos, fundamentos del tratamiento, nuevos antibióticos y procedimientos quirúrgicos, medidas preventivas, y pautas y normas antimicrobianas recomendadas. Los miembros de este panel han aportado unainteresante contribución a nuestros conocimientosy a la conducta a seguir actualmente antelas infecciones intraabdominales. Su contribuciónes especialmente relevante para la práctica clínica

The present article is an update of the literature onintra-abdominal infection, which represents a spectrumof diseases with a common pathogenesis. Establishinga prompt diagnosis and avoiding treatment delays arekey to achieving the best outcomes. Mortality dependson initiating early appropriate treatment to restore fluid and electrolyte imbalances, supporting the functionof vital organs, providing appropriate broad-spectrumantimicrobial therapy, and achieving adequate sourcecontrol.A multidisciplinary group of Spanish physicians with aninterest in these infections selected the most importantpapers produced in the field during 2005 and 2006.One of the members of the group discussed the contentof each of the selected papers, with a critical reviewby other members of the panel.After a review of the state of the art, papers from the fields of epidemiology, pathophysiology, basic science, causative microorganisms and microbiological diagnosis, main clinical syndromes, principles of therapy, new antibiotics and surgical procedures, preventive measures,recommended antimicrobial regimens and guidelineswere discussed by the group. Faculty from this panel havemade an interesting contribution to our understandingand management of intra-abdominal infections at present. Their contribution is particularly relevant for clinical practice (AU)